{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:36:45Z","timestamp":1790757405619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether rapid maxillary expansion (RME) could reduce the frequency of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children and whether a placebo effect could be ruled out.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four subjects, 29 boys and five girls with mean age of 10.7 \u00b1 1.8 years suffering from primary NE, were recruited. All subjects were nonresponders to the first-line antienuretic treatment and therefore were classified as \u201ctherapy resistant.\u201d To rule out a placebo effect of the RME appliance, all children were first treated with a passive appliance for 4 weeks. Rhinomanometry (RM), acoustic rhinometry (AR), polysomnographic registration, and study casts were made at different time points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One child experienced severe discomfort from the RME appliance and immediately withdrew from the study. Following RME, the long-term cure rate after 1 year was 60%. The RM and AR measurements at baseline and directly after RME showed a significant increase in nasal volume and nasal airflow, and there was a statistically significant correlation between reduction in enuresis and increase in nasal volume. Six months postretention, a 100% relapse of the dental overexpansion could be noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RME has a curative effect in some children with NE, which could be connected to the positive influence of RME on the sleep architecture. Normal transverse occlusion does not seem to be a contraindication for moderate maxillary expansion in attempts to cure NE in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/051515-329.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T09:47:40Z","timestamp":1439459260000},"page":"481-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Rapid maxillary expansion in therapy-resistant enuretic children: An orthodontic perspective"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Farhan","family":"Bazargani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Consultant, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Department of Orthodontics, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"J\u00f6nson-Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Consultant, Public Dental Service, Uppsala County Council, Department of Orthodontics, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tryggve","family":"Nev\u00e9us","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Senior Consultant in Paediatric Nephrology, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Children\u2019s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b01","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1863","article-title":"The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the International Children\u2019s Continence Society","volume":"191","author":"Austin\n              P,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Austin\n              P, \n            \n              Bauer\n              S, \n            \n              Bower\n              W, \n            et al\n          . The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the International Children\u2019s Continence Society. J Urol. 2014;191:1863\u20131865."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b02","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"2545","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy","volume":"171","author":"Hj\u00e4lm\u00e5s\n              K,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hj\u00e4lm\u00e5s\n              K, \n            \n              Arnold\n              T, \n            \n              Bower\n              W, \n            et al\n          . Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy. J Urol. 2004;171:2545\u20132561."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b03","series-title":"Pediatr Nephrol","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis\u2014theoretic background and practical guidelines","volume":"26","author":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Nocturnal enuresis\u2014theoretic background and practical guidelines. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011;26:1207\u20131214."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b04","series-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol","first-page":"533","article-title":"Enuresis nocturna in adults","volume":"31","author":"Hirasing\n              RA,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hirasing\n              RA, \n            \n              van Leerdam\n              FJ, \n            \n              Bolk-Bennink\n              L, \n            \n              Janknegt\n              RA.\n            \n          \n          Enuresis nocturna in adults. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1997;31:533\u2013536."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b05","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"f6259","article-title":"Management of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"347","author":"Caldwell\n              PH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caldwell\n              PH, \n            \n              Deshpande\n              AV, \n            \n              Von Gontard\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Management of nocturnal enuresis. BMJ. 2013;347:f6259."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b06","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD002911","article-title":"Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children","author":"Glazener\n              CM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glazener\n              CM, \n            \n              Evans\n              JH, \n            \n              Peto\n              RE.\n            \n          \n          Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005:CD002911."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b07","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD002112","article-title":"Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children","author":"Glazener\n              CM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glazener\n              CM, \n            \n              Evans\n              JH.\n            \n          \n          Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002:CD002112."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"229","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"60","author":"Timms\n              DJ.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Timms\n              DJ.\n            \n          \n          Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:229\u2013233."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"225","article-title":"Orthodontic maxillary expansion and its effect on nocturnal enuresis","volume":"68","author":"Kurol\n              J,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kurol\n              J, \n            \n              Modin\n              H, \n            \n              Bjerkhoel\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic maxillary expansion and its effect on nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 1998;68:225\u2013232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"532","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis","volume":"73","author":"Usumez\n              S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Usumez\n              S, \n            \n              Iseri\n              H, \n            \n              Orhan\n              M, \n            \n              Basciftci\n              FA.\n            \n          \n          Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:532\u2013538."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"201","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion effects on nocturnal enuresis in children: a follow-up study","volume":"78","author":"Schutz-Fransson\n              U,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schutz-Fransson\n              U, \n            \n              Kurol\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Rapid maxillary expansion effects on nocturnal enuresis in children: a follow-up study. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:201\u2013208."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b12","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"300","article-title":"Respiration during sleep in children with therapy-resistant enuresis","volume":"103","author":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T, \n            \n              Leissner\n              L, \n            \n              Rudblad\n              S, \n            \n              Bazargani\n              F.\n            \n          \n          Respiration during sleep in children with therapy-resistant enuresis. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103:300\u2013304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b13","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12749","article-title":"Orthodontic widening of the palate may provide a cure for selected children with therapy-resistant enuresis","author":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T,","unstructured":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T, \n            \n              Leissner\n              L, \n            \n              Rudblad\n              S, \n            \n              Bazargani\n              F.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic widening of the palate may provide a cure for selected children with therapy-resistant enuresis. Acta Paediatr. 2014 Jul 15. doi:10.1111\/apa.12749[Epub ahead of print],"},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"102","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis","volume":"85","author":"Al-Taai\n              N,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Taai\n              N, \n            \n              Alfatlawi\n              F, \n            \n              Ransjo\n              M, \n            \n              Fakhry\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:102\u2013108[Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"370","article-title":"Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short- and long-term effects","volume":"134","author":"Oliveira De Felippe\n              NL,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oliveira De Felippe\n              NL, \n            \n              Da Silveira\n              AC, \n            \n              Viana\n              G, \n            \n              Kusnoto\n              B, \n            \n              Smith\n              B, \n            \n              Evans\n              CA.\n            \n          \n          Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short- and long-term effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:370\u2013382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"870","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of RME and fan-type RME on nasal airway by using acoustic rhinometry","volume":"80","author":"Sokucu\n              O,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sokucu\n              O, \n            \n              Doruk\n              C, \n            \n              Uysal\n              OI.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of the effects of RME and fan-type RME on nasal airway by using acoustic rhinometry. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:870\u2013875."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b17","series-title":"Am- J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S79","article-title":"Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"137","author":"Christie\n              KF,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christie\n              KF, \n            \n              Boucher\n              N, \n            \n              Chung\n              CH.\n            \n          \n          Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am- J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:S79\u2013S85."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b18","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"1258","article-title":"The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on pharyngeal airway pressure during inspiration evaluated using computational fluid dynamics","volume":"78","author":"Iwasaki\n              T,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwasaki\n              T, \n            \n              Takemoto\n              Y, \n            \n              Inada\n              E, \n            et al\n          . The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on pharyngeal airway pressure during inspiration evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:1258\u20131264."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"269","article-title":"Improvement of nasal airway ventilation after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with computational fluid dynamics","volume":"141","author":"Iwasaki\n              T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iwasaki\n              T, \n            \n              Saitoh\n              I, \n            \n              Takemoto\n              Y, \n            et al\n          . Improvement of nasal airway ventilation after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with computational fluid dynamics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:269\u2013278."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"20","article-title":"Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Katyal\n              V,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katyal\n              V, \n            \n              Pamula\n              Y, \n            \n              Martin\n              AJ, \n            \n              Daynes\n              CN, \n            \n              Kennedy\n              JD, \n            \n              Sampson\n              WJ.\n            \n          \n          Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:20\u201330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b21","series-title":"J Pedod","first-page":"76","article-title":"Nasal obstruction and its effects upon the fields of medicine and dentistry","volume":"14","author":"Clubb\n              RW.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Clubb\n              RW.\n            \n          \n          Nasal obstruction and its effects upon the fields of medicine and dentistry. J Pedod. 1990;14:76\u201383."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b22","series-title":"Pediatrician","first-page":"46","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children","volume":"17","author":"Guilleminault\n              C,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Guilleminault\n              C, \n            \n              Stoohs\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. Pediatrician. 1990;17:46\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b23","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl","first-page":"38","article-title":"Sleep apnea syndrome in children\u2014secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy?","volume":"492","author":"Laurikainen\n              E,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Laurikainen\n              E, \n            \n              Aitasalo\n              K, \n            \n              Erkinjuntti\n              M, \n            \n              Wanne\n              O.\n            \n          \n          Sleep apnea syndrome in children\u2014secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy?\n          Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1992;492:38\u201341."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b24","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"427","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis in children with upper airway obstruction","volume":"105","author":"Weider\n              DJ,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weider\n              DJ, \n            \n              Sateia\n              MJ, \n            \n              West\n              RP.\n            \n          \n          Nocturnal enuresis in children with upper airway obstruction. 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The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the International Children\u2019s Continence Society. J Urol. 2014;191:1863\u20131865."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b02","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"2545","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy","volume":"171","author":"Hj\u00e4lm\u00e5s\n              K,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hj\u00e4lm\u00e5s\n              K, \n            \n              Arnold\n              T, \n            \n              Bower\n              W, \n            et al\n          . Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy. J Urol. 2004;171:2545\u20132561."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b03","series-title":"Pediatr Nephrol","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis\u2014theoretic background and practical guidelines","volume":"26","author":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Nocturnal enuresis\u2014theoretic background and practical guidelines. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011;26:1207\u20131214."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b04","series-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol","first-page":"533","article-title":"Enuresis nocturna in adults","volume":"31","author":"Hirasing\n              RA,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hirasing\n              RA, \n            \n              van Leerdam\n              FJ, \n            \n              Bolk-Bennink\n              L, \n            \n              Janknegt\n              RA.\n            \n          \n          Enuresis nocturna in adults. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1997;31:533\u2013536."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b05","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"f6259","article-title":"Management of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"347","author":"Caldwell\n              PH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caldwell\n              PH, \n            \n              Deshpande\n              AV, \n            \n              Von Gontard\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Management of nocturnal enuresis. BMJ. 2013;347:f6259."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b06","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD002911","article-title":"Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children","author":"Glazener\n              CM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glazener\n              CM, \n            \n              Evans\n              JH, \n            \n              Peto\n              RE.\n            \n          \n          Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005:CD002911."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b07","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD002112","article-title":"Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children","author":"Glazener\n              CM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glazener\n              CM, \n            \n              Evans\n              JH.\n            \n          \n          Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002:CD002112."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"229","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis","volume":"60","author":"Timms\n              DJ.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Timms\n              DJ.\n            \n          \n          Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:229\u2013233."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"225","article-title":"Orthodontic maxillary expansion and its effect on nocturnal enuresis","volume":"68","author":"Kurol\n              J,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kurol\n              J, \n            \n              Modin\n              H, \n            \n              Bjerkhoel\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic maxillary expansion and its effect on nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 1998;68:225\u2013232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"532","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis","volume":"73","author":"Usumez\n              S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Usumez\n              S, \n            \n              Iseri\n              H, \n            \n              Orhan\n              M, \n            \n              Basciftci\n              FA.\n            \n          \n          Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:532\u2013538."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"201","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion effects on nocturnal enuresis in children: a follow-up study","volume":"78","author":"Schutz-Fransson\n              U,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schutz-Fransson\n              U, \n            \n              Kurol\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Rapid maxillary expansion effects on nocturnal enuresis in children: a follow-up study. 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Acta Paediatr. 2014;103:300\u2013304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b13","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12749","article-title":"Orthodontic widening of the palate may provide a cure for selected children with therapy-resistant enuresis","author":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T,","unstructured":"Nev\u00e9us\n              T, \n            \n              Leissner\n              L, \n            \n              Rudblad\n              S, \n            \n              Bazargani\n              F.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic widening of the palate may provide a cure for selected children with therapy-resistant enuresis. Acta Paediatr. 2014 Jul 15. doi:10.1111\/apa.12749[Epub ahead of print],"},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"102","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis","volume":"85","author":"Al-Taai\n              N,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Taai\n              N, \n            \n              Alfatlawi\n              F, \n            \n              Ransjo\n              M, \n            \n              Fakhry\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:102\u2013108[Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"370","article-title":"Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short- and long-term effects","volume":"134","author":"Oliveira De Felippe\n              NL,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oliveira De Felippe\n              NL, \n            \n              Da Silveira\n              AC, \n            \n              Viana\n              G, \n            \n              Kusnoto\n              B, \n            \n              Smith\n              B, \n            \n              Evans\n              CA.\n            \n          \n          Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short- and long-term effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:370\u2013382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"870","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of RME and fan-type RME on nasal airway by using acoustic rhinometry","volume":"80","author":"Sokucu\n              O,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sokucu\n              O, \n            \n              Doruk\n              C, \n            \n              Uysal\n              OI.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of the effects of RME and fan-type RME on nasal airway by using acoustic rhinometry. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:870\u2013875."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b17","series-title":"Am- J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S79","article-title":"Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"137","author":"Christie\n              KF,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christie\n              KF, \n            \n              Boucher\n              N, \n            \n              Chung\n              CH.\n            \n          \n          Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am- J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:S79\u2013S85."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-3-481-b18","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"1258","article-title":"The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on pharyngeal airway pressure during inspiration evaluated using computational fluid dynamics","volume":"78","author":"Iwasaki\n              T,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwasaki\n              T, \n            \n              Takemoto\n              Y, \n            \n              Inada\n              E, \n            et al\n          . The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on pharyngeal airway pressure during inspiration evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. 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