{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:20:53Z","timestamp":1789842053379,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the effect of Class II intermaxillary elastics on the functional occlusal plane (FOP) of growing patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 50 participants aged 11 to 16 years were selected from a university clinic archive\n ><\/jats:underline>\n 1-year after treatment and after undergoing 6 months of Class II elastic wear, taking pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1) lateral cephalometric radiographs, and consenting to participate at recall (T2). Participants were divided into 3 groups according to skeletal pattern or into 2 groups according to treatment with extraction (E) or nonextraction (NE). Angular changes of FOP relative to the Sella-Nasion (SN), mandibular plane (MP), and Frankfort horizontal (FH) were compared within and between groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A statistically significant reduction of FOP-SN\/FH, but not of FOP-MP, was found from T0\u2013T1\u2013T2 when all patients were grouped together. FOP-SN\/MP\/FH was significantly the largest in the patients with a hyperdivergent skeletal pattern, but lowest in the patients with a hypodivergent skeletal pattern at T0, T1, and T2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .032). FOP-MP at T0\u2013T2 was statistically larger in group E than in group NE (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .02). No differences were found for FOP changes (change before treatment minus after treatment and change after treatment minus 1 year after treatment) between different skeletal patterns (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .433) and treatment groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .193).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Use of Class II elastics during the growth period was not found to show adverse effects on FOP rotation. Neither skeletal pattern nor treatment modality differed in the response to Class II elastics with regard to FOP changes. Individual patient growth pattern must be taken into consideration when treatment planning the use of Class II elastics. Orthodontists should take into account individual skeletal and growth patterns while using Class II elastics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/051521-381.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T15:48:17Z","timestamp":1640015297000},"page":"19-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Class II elastics during growth on the functional occlusal plane according to skeletal pattern and extraction vs nonextraction"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Moshe","family":"Davidovitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Konstantarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vottas","family":"Athanasios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Sella-Tunis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"548","article-title":"The importance of occlusal plane control during orthodontic mechanotherapy","volume":"107","author":"Lamarque","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lamarque\n S.\n \n \n The importance of occlusal plane control during orthodontic mechanotherapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J 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\n McNamara\n JA\n Jr.\n \n \n Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t125\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t137."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b38","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effects of intermaxillary traction on orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"5","author":"Stewart","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stewart\n CM,\n \n \n Chaconas\n SJ,\n \n \n Caputo\n AA.\n \n \n Effects of intermaxillary traction on orthodontic tooth movement.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1978;\n\t\t\t\t\t5:\n\t\t\t\t\t159\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t166."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b39","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"493","article-title":"A study of the growth changes in facial configuration","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chang\n HP,\n \n \n Kinoshita\n Z,\n \n \n Kawamoto\n T.\n \n \n A study of the growth changes in facial configuration.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t493\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t501."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b40","series-title":"Collegium Antropol","first-page":"145","article-title":"Change in the inclination of the occlusal plane during craniofacial growth and development","volume":"24","author":"Vukusic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vukusic\n N,\n \n \n Lapter\n M,\n \n \n Muretic\n Z.\n \n \n Change in the inclination of the occlusal plane during craniofacial growth and development.\n\t\t\t\t\tCollegium Antropol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t145\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t150."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b41","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"285","article-title":"Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex","volume":"37","author":"Creekmore","year":"1967","unstructured":"Creekmore\n TD.\n \n \n Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1967;\n\t\t\t\t\t37(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t285\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t297."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b42","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics","volume":"38","author":"Schudy","year":"1968","unstructured":"Schudy\n FF.\n \n \n The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1968;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t19\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b43","series-title":"An Atlas of Craniofacial Growth: Cephalometric Standards From the University School Growth Study","first-page":"271","author":"Riolo","year":"1974","unstructured":"Riolo\n ML,\n \n \n Moyers\n RE,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA,\n \n et al.\n \n \n An Atlas of Craniofacial Growth: Cephalometric Standards From the University School Growth Study\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Arbor, MI:\n\t\t\t\t\tCenter for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan;1974;\n\t\t\t\t\t271\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t321."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b44","series-title":"A Manual of Facial Growth: A Computer Analysis of Longitudinal Cephalometric Growth Data","first-page":"487","author":"Bhatia","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bhatia\n SN,\n \n \n Leighton\n BC.\n \n \n \n A Manual of Facial Growth: A Computer Analysis of Longitudinal Cephalometric Growth Data\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tOxford:\n\t\t\t\t\tOxford University Press;1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t487\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t539."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b45","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations","volume":"41","author":"Isaacson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Isaacson\n JR,\n \n \n Isaacson\n RJ,\n \n \n Speidel\n TM,\n \n \n Worms\n FW.\n \n \n Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1971;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t219\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t229."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"548","article-title":"The importance of occlusal plane control during orthodontic mechanotherapy","volume":"107","author":"Lamarque","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lamarque\n S.\n \n \n The importance of occlusal plane control during orthodontic mechanotherapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t107:\n\t\t\t\t\t548\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t558."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b02","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"652","article-title":"Characteristics of masticatory movement in relation to inclination of occlusal plane","volume":"24","author":"Ogawa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ogawa\n T,\n \n \n Koyano\n K,\n \n \n Suetsugu\n T.\n \n \n Characteristics of masticatory movement in relation to inclination of occlusal plane.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t652\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t657."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"184","article-title":"Changes in occlusion related to the cant of the occlusal plane","volume":"111","author":"Braun","year":"1997","unstructured":"Braun\n S,\n \n \n Legan\n HL.\n \n \n Changes in occlusion related to the cant of the occlusal plane.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t111:\n\t\t\t\t\t184\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t188."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"222","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of growth changes in Class II Division 1 subjects","volume":"3","author":"Ngan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ngan\n PW,\n \n \n Byczek\n E,\n \n \n Scheick\n J.\n \n \n Longitudinal evaluation of growth changes in Class II Division 1 subjects.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t3:\n\t\t\t\t\t222\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t231."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"602","article-title":"Longitudinal alteration of the occlusal plane and development of different dentoskeletal frames during growth","volume":"134","author":"Tanaka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanaka\n EM,\n \n \n Sato\n S.\n \n \n Longitudinal alteration of the occlusal plane and development of different dentoskeletal frames during growth.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t602."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"501","article-title":"Longitudinal cephalometric standards for Norwegians between the ages of 6 and 18 years","volume":"16","author":"El-Batouti","year":"1994","unstructured":"El-Batouti\n A,\n \n \n Ogaard\n B,\n \n \n Bishara\n SE.\n \n \n Longitudinal cephalometric standards for Norwegians between the ages of 6 and 18 years.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t501\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t509."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b07","series-title":"Int J Oral Sci","first-page":"34","article-title":"The occlusal plane in the facial context: inter-operator repeatability of a new three-dimensional method","volume":"4","author":"Rosati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosati\n R,\n \n \n Rossetti\n A,\n \n \n Menezes\n MD,\n \n \n Ferrario\n VF,\n \n \n Sforza\n C.\n \n \n The occlusal plane in the facial context: inter-operator repeatability of a new three-dimensional method.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t37."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b08","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"652","article-title":"Characteristics of masticatory movement in relation to inclination of occlusal plane","volume":"24","author":"Ogawa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ogawa\n T,\n \n \n Koyano\n K,\n \n \n Suetsugu\n T.\n \n \n Characteristics of masticatory movement in relation to inclination of occlusal plane.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t652\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t657."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"27","article-title":"Significance of the cant of the posterior occlusal plane in Class II Division 1 malocclusions","volume":"18","author":"Fushima","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fushima\n K,\n \n \n Kitamura\n Y,\n \n \n Mita\n H,\n \n \n Sato\n S,\n \n \n Suzuki\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n YH.\n \n \n Significance of the cant of the posterior occlusal plane in Class II Division 1 malocclusions.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t27\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"658","article-title":"The relationship of the glenoid fossa to the functional occlusal plane","volume":"118","author":"Braun","year":"2000","unstructured":"Braun\n S,\n \n \n Kim\n K,\n \n \n Tomazic\n T,\n \n \n Legan\n HL.\n \n \n The relationship of the glenoid fossa to the functional occlusal plane.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t118:\n\t\t\t\t\t658\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t661."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"218","article-title":"Effect of occlusal plane on smile attractiveness","volume":"82","author":"Batwa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Batwa\n W,\n \n \n Hunt\n NP,\n \n \n Petrie\n A,\n \n \n Gill\n D.\n \n \n Effect of occlusal plane on smile attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t82:\n\t\t\t\t\t218\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t223."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b12","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"354","article-title":"Esthetic smile preferences and the orientation of the maxillary occlusal plane","volume":"108","author":"Kattadiyil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kattadiyil\n MT,\n \n \n Goodacre\n CJ,\n \n \n Naylor\n WP,\n \n \n Maveli\n TC.\n \n \n Esthetic smile preferences and the orientation of the maxillary occlusal plane.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Prosthet Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t108:\n\t\t\t\t\t354\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t361."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"41","article-title":"The effect of first premolar extraction on vertical dimension","volume":"116","author":"Kocadereli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kocadereli\n I.\n \n \n The effect of first premolar extraction on vertical dimension.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t116(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t41\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t45."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"173","article-title":"First or second premolar extraction effects onfacial vertical dimension","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim\n TK,\n \n \n Kim\n JT,\n \n \n Mah\n J,\n \n \n Yang\n WS,\n \n \n Baek\n SH.\n \n \n First or second premolar extraction effects onfacial vertical dimension.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t75(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t173\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t178."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b15","series-title":"J Orofacial Orthop","first-page":"377","article-title":"Therapeutic changes in the occlusal plane inclination using intermaxillary elastics","volume":"73","author":"Zimmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zimmer\n B,\n \n \n Nischwitz\n D.\n \n \n Therapeutic changes in the occlusal plane inclination using intermaxillary elastics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t73(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t377\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t386."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b16","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Changes of occlusal plane inclination after orthodontic treatment in different dentoskeletal frames","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li\n JL,\n \n \n Kau\n C,\n \n \n Wang\n M.\n \n \n Changes of occlusal plane inclination after orthodontic treatment in different dentoskeletal frames.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t41."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b17","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"429","article-title":"The importance of the occlusal plane in predicting better facial soft tissue in Class II malocclusion in ethnic Javanese","volume":"14","author":"Ardani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ardani\n IGAW,\n \n \n Dinata\n FC,\n \n \n Triwardhani\n A.\n \n \n The importance of the occlusal plane in predicting better facial soft tissue in Class II malocclusion in ethnic Javanese.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020Jul;\n\t\t\t\t\t14(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t429\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t434."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"176","article-title":"A brief history of orthodontics","volume":"98","author":"Asbell","year":"1990","unstructured":"Asbell\n MB.\n \n \n A brief history of orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t98:\n\t\t\t\t\t176\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t182."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"319","article-title":"A comparison of time related forces between plastic elastics and latex elastics","volume":"40","author":"Bishara","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bishara\n SE,\n \n \n Andreasen\n GF.\n \n \n A comparison of time related forces between plastic elastics and latex elastics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1970;\n\t\t\t\t\t40:\n\t\t\t\t\t319\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t328."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"379","article-title":"Mechanical and biological comparison of latex and silicone rubber bands","volume":"124","author":"Hwang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hwang\n CJ,\n \n \n Cha\n JY.\n \n \n Mechanical and biological comparison of latex and silicone rubber bands.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t124:\n\t\t\t\t\t379\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t386."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b21","series-title":"Rev Odontol UNESP","first-page":"65","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of dental materials. A literature review","volume":"33","author":"Jorge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jorge\n JH,\n \n \n Giampaolo\n ET,\n \n \n Pavarina\n AC.\n \n \n Cytotoxicity of dental materials. A literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Odontol UNESP.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t65\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t68."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"641","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes with nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion","volume":"118","author":"Reddy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reddy\n P,\n \n \n Kharbanda\n OP,\n \n \n Duggal\n R,\n \n \n Parkash\n H.\n \n \n Skeletal and dental changes with nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t118:\n\t\t\t\t\t641\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t648."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"231","article-title":"Maintaining mandibular anchorage in Class II, Division 1, treatment","volume":"19","author":"Buchner","year":"1949","unstructured":"Buchner\n HJ.\n \n \n Maintaining mandibular anchorage in Class II, Division 1, treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1949;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t231\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t249."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"508","article-title":"Analysis of the components of force used to effect distal movement of teeth","volume":"37","author":"Bien","year":"1951","unstructured":"Bien\n SM.\n \n \n Analysis of the components of force used to effect distal movement of teeth.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1951;\n\t\t\t\t\t37:\n\t\t\t\t\t508\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t521."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"430","article-title":"A comparative study of anchorage in bioprogressive versus standard edgewise treatment in Class II correction with intermaxillary elastic force","volume":"114","author":"Ellen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ellen\n EK,\n \n \n Schneider\n BJ,\n \n \n Sellke\n T.\n \n \n A comparative study of anchorage in bioprogressive versus standard edgewise treatment in Class II correction with intermaxillary elastic force.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t114:\n\t\t\t\t\t430\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t436."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"678","article-title":"Palatal implant anchorage reinforcement of posterior teeth: a prospective study","volume":"116","author":"Wehrbein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wehrbein\n H,\n \n \n Feifel\n H,\n \n \n Diedrich\n P.\n \n \n Palatal implant anchorage reinforcement of posterior teeth: a prospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t116:\n\t\t\t\t\t678\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t686."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"422","article-title":"Effects of functional versus bisected occlusal planes on the Wits appraisal","volume":"97","author":"Thayer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thayer\n TA.\n \n \n Effects of functional versus bisected occlusal planes on the Wits appraisal.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t97:\n\t\t\t\t\t422\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t426."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"244","article-title":"Correction of a canted occlusal plane with miniscrews in a patient with facial asymmetry","volume":"130","author":"Jeon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeon\n YJ,\n \n \n Kim\n YH,\n \n \n Son\n WS,\n \n \n Hans\n MG.\n \n \n Correction of a canted occlusal plane with miniscrews in a patient with facial asymmetry.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t130:\n\t\t\t\t\t244\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t252."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"137","article-title":"Morphology of the adult mandible in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and in excellent occlusion","volume":"20","author":"Gilmore","year":"1950","unstructured":"Gilmore\n WA.\n \n \n Morphology of the adult mandible in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and in excellent occlusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1950;\n\t\t\t\t\t20:\n\t\t\t\t\t137\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t146."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b30","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"276","article-title":"Long-term stability of angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with successful occlusal results at end of active treatment","volume":"107","author":"Fidler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fidler\n BC,\n \n \n Artun\n J,\n \n \n Joondeph\n DR,\n \n \n Little\n RM.\n \n \n Long-term stability of angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with successful occlusal results at end of active treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t107:\n\t\t\t\t\t276\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t285."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b31","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effects of patient age on postorthodontic stability in Class II, Division 1 malocclusions","volume":"105","author":"Harris","year":"1994","unstructured":"Harris\n EF,\n \n \n Vaden\n JL,\n \n \n Dunn\n KL,\n \n \n Behrents\n RG.\n \n \n Effects of patient age on postorthodontic stability in Class II, Division 1 malocclusions.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t105:\n\t\t\t\t\t25\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t34."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b32","series-title":"Radiographic Cephalometry From Basics to Video Imaging","first-page":"45","author":"Jacobson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jacobson\n A.\n \n \n \n Radiographic Cephalometry From Basics to Video Imaging\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tQuintessence Publishing USA,\n\t\t\t\t\tBatavia, IL1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t52."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b33","series-title":"Psychol Assess","first-page":"284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cicchetti\n DV.\n \n \n Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychol Assess.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t284\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t290."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b34","series-title":"PraktKieferorthop","first-page":"189","article-title":"Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungeninter\u2013maxill\u00e4rer Gummiz\u00fcge","volume":"4","author":"Jost-Brinkmann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jost-Brinkmann\n PG,\n \n \n Miethke\n RR.\n \n \n Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungeninter\u2013maxill\u00e4rer Gummiz\u00fcge.\n\t\t\t\t\tPraktKieferorthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t189."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b35","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed","first-page":"590","author":"Proffit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Fields\n HW,\n \n \n Sarver\n DM.\n \n \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt Louis, MO:\n\t\t\t\t\tMosby Elsevier;2007:\n\t\t\t\t\t590\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t592."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b36","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"661","article-title":"Mandibular changes in persons with untreated and treated Class II Division 1 malocclusion","volume":"113","author":"Bishara","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bishara\n SE.\n \n \n Mandibular changes in persons with untreated and treated Class II Division 1 malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t113:\n\t\t\t\t\t661\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t673."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b37","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"125","article-title":"Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion","volume":"134","author":"Stahl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stahl\n F,\n \n \n Baccetti\n T,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr.\n \n \n Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t125\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t137."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b38","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effects of intermaxillary traction on orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"5","author":"Stewart","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stewart\n CM,\n \n \n Chaconas\n SJ,\n \n \n Caputo\n AA.\n \n \n Effects of intermaxillary traction on orthodontic tooth movement.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1978;\n\t\t\t\t\t5:\n\t\t\t\t\t159\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t166."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b39","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"493","article-title":"A study of the growth changes in facial configuration","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chang\n HP,\n \n \n Kinoshita\n Z,\n \n \n Kawamoto\n T.\n \n \n A study of the growth changes in facial configuration.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t493\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t501."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b40","series-title":"Collegium Antropol","first-page":"145","article-title":"Change in the inclination of the occlusal plane during craniofacial growth and development","volume":"24","author":"Vukusic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vukusic\n N,\n \n \n Lapter\n M,\n \n \n Muretic\n Z.\n \n \n Change in the inclination of the occlusal plane during craniofacial growth and development.\n\t\t\t\t\tCollegium Antropol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t145\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t150."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b41","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"285","article-title":"Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex","volume":"37","author":"Creekmore","year":"1967","unstructured":"Creekmore\n TD.\n \n \n Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1967;\n\t\t\t\t\t37(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t285\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t297."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b42","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics","volume":"38","author":"Schudy","year":"1968","unstructured":"Schudy\n FF.\n \n \n The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1968;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t19\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b43","series-title":"An Atlas of Craniofacial Growth: Cephalometric Standards From the University School Growth Study","first-page":"271","author":"Riolo","year":"1974","unstructured":"Riolo\n ML,\n \n \n Moyers\n RE,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA,\n \n et al.\n \n \n An Atlas of Craniofacial Growth: Cephalometric Standards From the University School Growth Study\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Arbor, MI:\n\t\t\t\t\tCenter for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan;1974;\n\t\t\t\t\t271\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t321."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b44","series-title":"A Manual of Facial Growth: A Computer Analysis of Longitudinal Cephalometric Growth Data","first-page":"487","author":"Bhatia","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bhatia\n SN,\n \n \n Leighton\n BC.\n \n \n \n A Manual of Facial Growth: A Computer Analysis of Longitudinal Cephalometric Growth Data\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tOxford:\n\t\t\t\t\tOxford University Press;1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t487\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t539."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-19-b45","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations","volume":"41","author":"Isaacson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Isaacson\n JR,\n \n \n Isaacson\n RJ,\n \n \n Speidel\n TM,\n \n \n Worms\n FW.\n \n \n Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1971;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t219\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t229."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/1\/article-p19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/93\/1\/19\/3168588\/i1945-7103-93-1-19.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/1\/article-p19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/1\/article-p19.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:26:32Z","timestamp":1780064792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/1\/article-p19.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/051521-381.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}}}