{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:57:29Z","timestamp":1791453449170,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate treatment stability of miniscrew-anchored maxillary distalization in Class II malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective study included a distalization (n = 19) and a control (n = 19) group; a patient group with minor corrections served the control. Lateral cephalograms of 38 adult patients were taken before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 3\u20134 years after (T2) treatment. Horizontal and vertical movement and tipping of the maxillary first molars (U6) and central incisors (U1) were measured along with skeletal craniofacial parameters at three time points to compare the two groups regarding the achieved treatment effects and their stability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Total arch distalization therapy led to 4.2 mm of distal movement of U6 without distal crown tipping (0.6\u00b0 of axis change) and 3.3\u00b0 of occlusal plane steepening. Over an average retention period of 42 months, maxillary total arch distalization provided high stability of treatment results, showing the same amount of mesial movement (0.7 mm) as the control group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In Class II treatment, miniscrew-anchored maxillary total arch distalization can provide stable distal movement of the maxillary first molars and central incisors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/051619-335.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T17:32:02Z","timestamp":1579541522000},"page":"362-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Long-term stability of miniscrew anchored maxillary molar distalization in Class II treatment"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Till Edward","family":"Bechtold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Chel","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heekyu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Young","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Jeong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"The fallacy of denture expansion as a treatment 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with a midline deviation","volume":"137","author":"Chung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chung\n K-R,\n \n \n Kim\n S-H,\n \n \n Choo\n HR,\n \n \n Kook\n Y-A,\n \n \n Cope\n JB.\n \n \n Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t137:\n\t\t\t\t\t135\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t146."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b38","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"715","article-title":"Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion","volume":"144","author":"Tai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tai\n K,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Tatamiya\n M,\n \n \n Kojima\n Y.\n \n \n Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t144:\n\t\t\t\t\t715\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t725."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b39","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"627","article-title":"Uprighting mandibular second molars with direct miniscrew anchorage","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee\n KJ,\n \n \n Park\n YC,\n \n \n Hwang\n WS,\n \n \n Seong\n EH.\n \n \n Uprighting mandibular second molars with direct miniscrew anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t627\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t635."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b40","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"440","article-title":"Restoration of an alveolar bone defect caused by an ankylosed mandibular molar by root movement of the adjacent tooth with miniscrew implants","volume":"136","author":"Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee\n KJ,\n \n \n Joo\n E,\n \n \n Yu\n HS,\n \n \n Park\n YC.\n \n \n Restoration of an alveolar bone defect caused by an ankylosed mandibular molar by root movement of the adjacent tooth with miniscrew implants.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t136:\n\t\t\t\t\t440\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t449."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b41","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"381","article-title":"Control of lower incisor inclination with a completely customized lingual appliance for dentoalveolar compensation of Class III malocclusion","volume":"74","author":"Lossdorfer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lossdorfer\n S,\n \n \n Schwestka-Polly\n R,\n \n \n Wiechmann\n D.\n \n \n Control of lower incisor inclination with a completely customized lingual appliance for dentoalveolar compensation of Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t74:\n\t\t\t\t\t381\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b42","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"277","article-title":"Dentofacial changes in adults: a longitudinal cephalometric study in 22-33 and 33-43 year olds","volume":"73","author":"Bondevik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bondevik\n O.\n \n \n Dentofacial changes in adults: a longitudinal cephalometric study in 22-33 and 33-43 year olds.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t73:\n\t\t\t\t\t277\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t288."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"The fallacy of denture expansion as a treatment procedure","volume":"19","author":"Strang","year":"1949","unstructured":"Strang\n RHW.\n \n \n The fallacy of denture expansion as a treatment procedure.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1949;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t12\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t17."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b02","series-title":"Extraction versus Nonextraction","first-page":"20","article-title":"Functional appliances and the extraction\/nonextraction decision","author":"St\u00f6ckli","year":"1995","unstructured":"St\u00f6ckli\n PW.\n \n \n Functional appliances and the extraction\/nonextraction decision.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:BolenderCJ,BounoureGM,BaratY,eds.Extraction versus Nonextraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tParis:\n\t\t\t\t\tSID Publisher;1995:\n\t\t\t\t\t20\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t26."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b03","series-title":"Kieferorthop\u00e4die","first-page":"27","article-title":"Einfluss standardisierter Bogenformen auf die transversale Zahnbogendimension [The influence of straight-wire appliances and prefabricated archwires on the transversal arch dimension]","volume":"24","author":"Bechtold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bechtold\n TE,\n \n \n G\u00f6z\n GR.\n \n \n Einfluss standardisierter Bogenformen auf die transversale Zahnbogendimension [The influence of straight-wire appliances and prefabricated archwires on the transversal arch dimension].\n\t\t\t\t\tKieferorthop\u00e4die.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t27\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b04","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"661","article-title":"Rapid Class II molar correction with an opencoil jig","volume":"26","author":"Jones","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jones\n RD,\n \n \n White\n JM.\n \n \n Rapid Class II molar correction with an opencoil jig.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t26:\n\t\t\t\t\t661\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t664."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b05","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy","volume":"26","author":"Hilgers","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hilgers\n JJ.\n \n \n The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t26:\n\t\t\t\t\t706\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"264","article-title":"Distalization of maxillary first and second molars simultaneously with repelling magnets","volume":"14","author":"Bondemark","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bondemark\n L,\n \n \n Kurol\n J.\n \n \n Distalization of maxillary first and second molars simultaneously with repelling magnets.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t14:\n\t\t\t\t\t264\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b07","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"374","article-title":"The distal jet for upper molar distalization","volume":"30","author":"Carano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carano\n A,\n \n \n Testa\n M.\n \n \n The distal jet for upper molar distalization.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t374\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t380."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b08","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"322","article-title":"The first class appliance for rapid molar distalization","volume":"33","author":"Fortini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fortini\n A,\n \n \n Lupoli\n M,\n \n \n Parri\n M.\n \n \n The first class appliance for rapid molar distalization.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t322\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"471","article-title":"Bodily distalization of molars with absolute anchorage","volume":"73","author":"Keles","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keles\n A,\n \n \n Erverdi\n N,\n \n \n Sezen\n S.\n \n \n Bodily distalization of molars with absolute anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t73:\n\t\t\t\t\t471\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t482."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b10","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"Headgear therapy: the most efficient way to distalize mo|ars","volume":"6","author":"Haas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haas\n AJ.\n \n \n Headgear therapy: the most efficient way to distalize mo|ars.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t79\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t90."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"36","article-title":"Bonham Magness W, McKeed CJ. Long-term stability of lip bumper therapy followed by fixed appliances","volume":"76","author":"Solomon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solomon\n MJ,\n \n \n English\n JD,\n \n \n Bonham Magness W, McKeed CJ. Long-term stability of lip bumper therapy followed by fixed appliances.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t36\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t42."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"639","article-title":"Evaluation of an intraoral maxillary molar distalization technique","volume":"110","author":"Ghosh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ghosh\n J,\n \n \n Nanda\n RS.\n \n \n Evaluation of an intraoral maxillary molar distalization technique.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t110:\n\t\t\t\t\t639\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t646."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"The possibility of skeletal anchorage","volume":"17","author":"Creekmore","year":"1983","unstructured":"Creekmore\n TD,\n \n \n Eklund\n MK.\n \n \n The possibility of skeletal anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin 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Park\n YC.\n \n \n Total distalization of the maxillary arch in a patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t139:\n\t\t\t\t\t823\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t833."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"763","article-title":"Mini-implant for orthodontic anchorage","volume":"31","author":"Kanomi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kanomi\n R.\n \n \n Mini-implant for orthodontic anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t31:\n\t\t\t\t\t763\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t767."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"83","author":"Bechtold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bechtold\n TE,\n \n \n Kim\n JW,\n \n \n Choi\n TH,\n \n \n Park\n YC,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ.\n \n \n Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the 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study","volume":"46","author":"Mah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mah\n SJ,\n \n \n Kim\n JE,\n \n \n Ahn\n EJ,\n \n \n Nam\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n JY,\n \n \n Kang\n YG.\n \n \n Analysis of midpalatal miniscrew-assisted maxillary molar distalization patterns with simultaneous use of fixed appliances: a preliminary study.\n\t\t\t\t\tKorean J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t46:\n\t\t\t\t\t55\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t61."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"912","article-title":"Long-term stability of maxillary group distalization with interradicular miniscrews in a patient with a Class II Division 2 malocclusion","volume":"149","author":"Kuroda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuroda\n S,\n \n \n Hichijo\n N,\n \n \n Sato\n M,\n \n et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Long-term stability of maxillary group distalization with interradicular miniscrews in a patient with a Class II Division 2 malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial 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From the third month to the eighth year of life","volume":"68","author":"Brodie","year":"1941","unstructured":"Brodie\n AG.\n \n \n On the growth pattern of the human head. From the third month to the eighth year of life.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Anat.\n\t\t\t\t\t1941;\n\t\t\t\t\t68:\n\t\t\t\t\t209\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t262."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b30","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"161","article-title":"The morphological and morphogenetic basis for craniofacial form and pattern","volume":"41","author":"Enlow","year":"1971","unstructured":"Enlow\n DH,\n \n \n Kuroda\n T,\n \n \n Lewis\n AB.\n \n \n The morphological and morphogenetic basis for craniofacial form and pattern.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1971;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t161\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-362-b31","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"447","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of the molar movements following pendulum and fixed appliances","volume":"83","author":"Caprioglio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caprioglio\n A,\n \n \n Fontana\n M,\n \n \n Longoni\n E,\n \n \n Cozzani\n M.\n \n \n Long-term evaluation of the molar movements 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