{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:22:31Z","timestamp":1789471351642,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the anchorage control and distalization of maxillary molars with the hybrid Pendulum appliance and to compare the results with a conventional Pendulum appliance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was carried out on the pre-(T0) and post-(T1) treatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 43 patients with Angle Class II molar relationships who were treated with conventional or hybrid Pendulum appliances. The hybrid Pendulum (HP) group consisted of 22 patients (14 females; eight males; mean age 14.3 \u00b1 2.43 years) and treatment results were compared with a conventional Pendulum appliance (CP) group, which consisted of 21 patients (15 females; six males; mean age 14.6 \u00b1 3.39 years). Intragroup comparisons were made with Wilcoxon test and intergroup comparisons were made with Mann-Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n -test (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The mean distalization duration was 0.70 \u00b1 0.25 years in the HP group and 0.83 \u00b1 0.4 years in the CP group. Maxillary first molars showed significant distal movement and tipping of 4.25 mm and 9.09\u00b0 in the HP group, and 3.21 mm and 9.86\u00b0 in the CP group. Loss of anchorage at the first premolars was significantly smaller in the HP appliance group compared to CP group. The second premolars distalized spontaneously in the HP group while they mesialized significantly in the CP group. Proclination and protrusion of maxillary incisors were greater with the CP appliance compared to the HP appliance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Maxillary molar distalization was achieved with both appliances. Mesialization of the anchorage unit was controlled successfully with the hybrid Pendulum; however, the conventional Pendulum appliance caused anchorage loss.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/051719-340.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T11:58:16Z","timestamp":1571831896000},"page":"194-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of the effects of the hybrid Pendulum in comparison with the conventional Pendulum appliance"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Erdal","family":"Bozkaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoc Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuba","family":"Tortop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Y\u00fcksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine","family":"Kayg\u0131s\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"545","article-title":"Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study","volume":"131","author":"Escobar \n SA,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Escobar \n SA, \n \n \n Tellez \n PA, \n \n \n Moncada \n CA, \n \n \n Villegas \n CA, \n \n \n Latorre \n CM, \n \n \n Oberti \n G. \n \n \n Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(4):545\u2013549."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"650","article-title":"Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance","volume":"76","author":"Kircelli \n BH,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kircelli \n BH, \n \n \n Pektas \n ZO, \n \n \n Kircelli \n C. \n \n \n Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(4):650\u2013659."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.","article-title":"Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Polat-Ozsoy \n O,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Polat-Ozsoy \n O, \n \n \n Kircelli \n BH, \n \n \n Arman-Ozcirpici \n A, \n \n \n Pektas \n ZO, \n \n \n Uckan \n S. \n \n \n Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2008;133(3):339 e9\u2013e17."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"602","article-title":"Castanha Henriques JF. Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: a meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Grec \n RH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grec \n RH, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Branco \n NC, \n \n \n Moura-Grec \n PG, \n \n \n Patel \n MP, \n \n \n Castanha Henriques JF. Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143(5):602\u2013615."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"722","article-title":"Are orthodontic distalizers reinforced with the temporary skeletal anchorage devices effective?","volume":"139","author":"Fudalej \n P,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fudalej \n P, \n \n \n Antoszewska \n J. \n \n \n Are orthodontic distalizers reinforced with the temporary skeletal anchorage devices effective?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(6):722\u2013729."},{"issue":"11","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b06","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy","volume":"26","author":"Hilgers \n JJ.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hilgers \n JJ. \n \n \n The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy. J Clin Orthod. 1992;26(11):706\u2013714."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"558","article-title":"Molar distalization with a modified pendulum appliance\u2013in vitro analysis of the force systems and in vivo study in children and adolescents","volume":"75","author":"Kinzinger \n GS,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kinzinger \n GS, \n \n \n Wehrbein \n H, \n \n \n Diedrich \n PR. \n \n \n Molar distalization with a modified pendulum appliance\u2013in vitro analysis of the force systems and in vivo study in children and adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(4):558\u2013567."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b08","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"87","article-title":"The Graz implant supported pendulum, a technical note","volume":"30","author":"Karcher \n H,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karcher \n H, \n \n \n Byloff \n FK, \n \n \n Clar \n E. \n \n \n The Graz implant supported pendulum, a technical note. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2002;30(2):87\u201390."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"507","article-title":"Palatal implant versus zygoma plate anchorage for distalization of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"35","author":"Kaya \n B,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaya \n B, \n \n \n Sar \n C, \n \n \n Arman-Ozcirpici \n A, \n \n \n Polat-Ozsoy \n O. \n \n \n Palatal implant versus zygoma plate anchorage for distalization of maxillary posterior teeth. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35(4):507\u2013514."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b10","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"394","article-title":"Pendulum and modified pendulum appliances for maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion - a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Al-Thomali \n Y,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Thomali \n Y, \n \n \n Basha \n S, \n \n \n Mohamed \n RN. \n \n \n Pendulum and modified pendulum appliances for maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion - a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2017;75(6):394\u2013401."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"161","article-title":"An investigation of maxillary superimposition techniques using metallic implants","volume":"105","author":"Doppel \n DM,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Doppel \n DM, \n \n \n Damon \n WM, \n \n \n Joondeph \n DR, \n \n \n Little \n RM. \n \n \n An investigation of maxillary superimposition techniques using metallic implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105(2):161\u2013168."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: Clinical and radiological evaluation","volume":"67","author":"Byloff \n FK,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Byloff \n FK, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA. \n \n \n Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: Clinical and radiological evaluation. Angle Orthod. 1997;67(4):249\u2013260."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"261","article-title":"Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 2: The effects of maxillary molar root uprighting bends","volume":"67","author":"Byloff \n FK,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Byloff \n FK, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA, \n \n \n Clar \n E, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n A. \n \n \n Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 2: The effects of maxillary molar root uprighting bends. Angle Orthod. 1997;67(4):261\u2013270."},{"issue":"9","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b14","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"467","article-title":"The Mini-Distalizing Appliance: the third dimension in maxillary expansion","volume":"37","author":"Hilgers \n JJ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hilgers \n JJ, \n \n \n Tracey \n SG. \n \n \n The Mini-Distalizing Appliance: the third dimension in maxillary expansion. J Clin Orthod. 2003;37(9):467\u2013475."},{"issue":"9","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b15","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"564","article-title":"The Pendulum appliance for class ii non-compliance therapy","volume":"51","author":"Nissen \n SH.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nissen \n SH. \n \n \n The Pendulum appliance for class ii non-compliance therapy. J Clin Orthod. 2017;51(9):564\u2013567."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Comparison of two implant-supported molar distalization systems","volume":"83","author":"Sar \n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sar \n C, \n \n \n Kaya \n B, \n \n \n Ozsoy \n O, \n \n \n Ozcirpici \n AA. \n \n \n Comparison of two implant-supported molar distalization systems. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(3):460\u2013467."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b17","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"141","article-title":"Changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the bone-anchored pendulum appliance","volume":"6","author":"Cambiano \n AO,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cambiano \n AO, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Fuziy \n A, \n \n \n Garib \n DG, \n \n \n Lorenzoni \n DC. \n \n \n Changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the bone-anchored pendulum appliance. J Orthod Sci. 2017;6(4):141\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"826","article-title":"Bone thickness of the anterior palate for orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"86","author":"Holm \n M,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holm \n M, \n \n \n Jost-Brinkmann \n PG, \n \n \n Mah \n J, \n \n \n Bumann \n A. \n \n \n Bone thickness of the anterior palate for orthodontic miniscrews. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(5):826\u2013831."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b19","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Evaluation of palatal bone thickness for insertion of orthodontic mini-implants in adults and adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Wang \n M,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang \n M, \n \n \n Sun \n Y, \n \n \n Yu \n Y, \n \n \n Ding \n X. \n \n \n Evaluation of palatal bone thickness for insertion of orthodontic mini-implants in adults and adolescents. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(6):1468\u20131471."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b20","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Gender and growth variation in palatal bone thickness and density for mini-implant placement","volume":"19","author":"Yadav \n S,","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yadav \n S, \n \n \n Sachs \n E, \n \n \n Vishwanath \n M, \n \n et al. \n Gender and growth variation in palatal bone thickness and density for mini-implant placement. Prog Orthod. 2018;19(1):43."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"333","article-title":"Dentoalveolar and skeletal changes associated with the pendulum appliance","volume":"117","author":"Bussick \n TJ,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bussick \n TJ, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Dentoalveolar and skeletal changes associated with the pendulum appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117(3):333\u2013343."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"502","article-title":"Sagittal, vertical, and transverse changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the pendulum appliance","volume":"130","author":"Fuziy \n A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fuziy \n A, \n \n \n Rodrigues de Almeida \n R, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Angelieri \n F, \n \n \n Pinzan \n A. \n \n \n Sagittal, vertical, and transverse changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the pendulum appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(4):502\u2013510."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"8","article-title":"Efficiency of a pendulum appliance for molar distalization related to second and third molar eruption stage","volume":"125","author":"Kinzinger \n GS,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kinzinger \n GS, \n \n \n Fritz \n UB, \n \n \n Sander \n FG, \n \n \n Diedrich \n PR. \n \n \n Efficiency of a pendulum appliance for molar distalization related to second and third molar eruption stage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125(1):8\u201323."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b24","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"323","article-title":"Comparison of the Pendulum appliance and the Jones Jig: A prospective comparative study","volume":"11","author":"Shetty \n S,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shetty \n S, \n \n \n Maurya \n R, \n \n \n Raj \n HVP, \n \n \n Patil \n A. \n \n \n Comparison of the Pendulum appliance and the Jones Jig: A prospective comparative study. Eur J Dent. 2017;11(3):323\u2013329."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"504","article-title":"Assessment of agreement between molar landmarks: Repeatability, reproducibility, and comparability","volume":"150","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kale Varlik S, Uzuner D, Tortop T. Assessment of agreement between molar landmarks: Repeatability, reproducibility, and comparability. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150(3):504\u2013510."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"125","article-title":"Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion","volume":"134","author":"Stahl \n F,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stahl \n F, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134(1):125\u2013137."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"148","article-title":"Dentofacial growth changes in subjects with untreated Class II malocclusion from late puberty through young adulthood","volume":"135","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Stahl \n F, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Dentofacial growth changes in subjects with untreated Class II malocclusion from late puberty through young adulthood. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135(2):148\u2013154."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"639","article-title":"Evaluation of an intraoral maxillary molar distalization technique","volume":"110","author":"Ghosh \n J,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ghosh \n J, \n \n \n Nanda \n RS. \n \n \n Evaluation of an intraoral maxillary molar distalization technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110(6):639\u2013646."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"545","article-title":"Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study","volume":"131","author":"Escobar \n SA,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Escobar \n SA, \n \n \n Tellez \n PA, \n \n \n Moncada \n CA, \n \n \n Villegas \n CA, \n \n \n Latorre \n CM, \n \n \n Oberti \n G. \n \n \n Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(4):545\u2013549."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"650","article-title":"Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance","volume":"76","author":"Kircelli \n BH,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kircelli \n BH, \n \n \n Pektas \n ZO, \n \n \n Kircelli \n C. \n \n \n Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(4):650\u2013659."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.","article-title":"Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Polat-Ozsoy \n O,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Polat-Ozsoy \n O, \n \n \n Kircelli \n BH, \n \n \n Arman-Ozcirpici \n A, \n \n \n Pektas \n ZO, \n \n \n Uckan \n S. \n \n \n Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2008;133(3):339 e9\u2013e17."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"602","article-title":"Castanha Henriques JF. Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: a meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Grec \n RH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grec \n RH, \n \n \n Janson \n G, \n \n \n Branco \n NC, \n \n \n Moura-Grec \n PG, \n \n \n Patel \n MP, \n \n \n Castanha Henriques JF. Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143(5):602\u2013615."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"722","article-title":"Are orthodontic distalizers reinforced with the temporary skeletal anchorage devices effective?","volume":"139","author":"Fudalej \n P,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fudalej \n P, \n \n \n Antoszewska \n J. \n \n \n Are orthodontic distalizers reinforced with the temporary skeletal anchorage devices effective?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(6):722\u2013729."},{"issue":"11","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b06","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy","volume":"26","author":"Hilgers \n JJ.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hilgers \n JJ. \n \n \n The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy. J Clin Orthod. 1992;26(11):706\u2013714."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"558","article-title":"Molar distalization with a modified pendulum appliance\u2013in vitro analysis of the force systems and in vivo study in children and adolescents","volume":"75","author":"Kinzinger \n GS,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kinzinger \n GS, \n \n \n Wehrbein \n H, \n \n \n Diedrich \n PR. \n \n \n Molar distalization with a modified pendulum appliance\u2013in vitro analysis of the force systems and in vivo study in children and adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(4):558\u2013567."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b08","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"87","article-title":"The Graz implant supported pendulum, a technical note","volume":"30","author":"Karcher \n H,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karcher \n H, \n \n \n Byloff \n FK, \n \n \n Clar \n E. \n \n \n The Graz implant supported pendulum, a technical note. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2002;30(2):87\u201390."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"507","article-title":"Palatal implant versus zygoma plate anchorage for distalization of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"35","author":"Kaya \n B,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaya \n B, \n \n \n Sar \n C, \n \n \n Arman-Ozcirpici \n A, \n \n \n Polat-Ozsoy \n O. \n \n \n Palatal implant versus zygoma plate anchorage for distalization of maxillary posterior teeth. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35(4):507\u2013514."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b10","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"394","article-title":"Pendulum and modified pendulum appliances for maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion - a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Al-Thomali \n Y,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Thomali \n Y, \n \n \n Basha \n S, \n \n \n Mohamed \n RN. \n \n \n Pendulum and modified pendulum appliances for maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion - a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2017;75(6):394\u2013401."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"161","article-title":"An investigation of maxillary superimposition techniques using metallic implants","volume":"105","author":"Doppel \n DM,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Doppel \n DM, \n \n \n Damon \n WM, \n \n \n Joondeph \n DR, \n \n \n Little \n RM. \n \n \n An investigation of maxillary superimposition techniques using metallic implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105(2):161\u2013168."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: Clinical and radiological evaluation","volume":"67","author":"Byloff \n FK,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Byloff \n FK, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA. \n \n \n Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: Clinical and radiological evaluation. Angle Orthod. 1997;67(4):249\u2013260."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"261","article-title":"Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 2: The effects of maxillary molar root uprighting bends","volume":"67","author":"Byloff \n FK,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Byloff \n FK, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA, \n \n \n Clar \n E, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n A. \n \n \n Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 2: The effects of maxillary molar root uprighting bends. Angle Orthod. 1997;67(4):261\u2013270."},{"issue":"9","key":"i0003-3219-90-2-194-b14","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"467","article-title":"The Mini-Distalizing Appliance: the third dimension in maxillary expansion","volume":"37","author":"Hilgers \n JJ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hilgers \n JJ, \n \n \n Tracey \n SG. \n \n \n The Mini-Distalizing Appliance: the third dimension in maxillary expansion. 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