{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:56Z","timestamp":1780067156643,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the frequency of abnormal progression that could ultimately affect the reliability of the skeletal maturity index (SMI) and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method that are most commonly used analyses for skeletal age assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective design was used to compare 299 hand-wrist radiographs with 299 lateral skull radiographs regarding the number of abnormalities in the proposed sequence of maturation in the SMI and CVM methods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A significantly greater number of abnormalities occurred in the sequence of CVM progression compared with SMI (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). Sex and age did not have an effect.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Skeletal age assessment based on SMI is more accurate than CVM regarding the progressive sequence of stages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/051821-393.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T10:04:14Z","timestamp":1639044254000},"page":"353-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of abnormalities in the sequence of growth stages in the skeletal maturity index vs cervical vertebral maturation:"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"David D.","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepand","family":"Ghanouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"227","article-title":"Discriminatory ability of the skeletal maturation index and the cervical vertebrae maturation index in detecting peak pubertal growth in Indonesian and white subjects with receiver operating characteristics analysis","volume":"134","author":"Soegiharto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soegiharto\n BM,\n \n \n Moles\n DR,\n \n \n Cunningham\n SJ.\n \n \n Discriminatory ability of the skeletal maturation index and the cervical vertebrae maturation index in detecting peak pubertal growth in Indonesian and white subjects with receiver operating characteristics analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t237."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b02","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"20140270","article-title":"Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Cericato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cericato\n GO,\n \n \n Bittencourt\n MA,\n \n \n Paranhos\n LR.\n \n \n Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tDentomaxillofac Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t20140270."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"478.e1","article-title":"Cervical vertebrae maturation method: poor reproducibility","volume":"136","author":"Gabriel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gabriel\n DB,\n \n \n Southard\n KA,\n \n \n Qian\n F,\n \n \n Marshall\n SD,\n \n \n Franciscus\n RG,\n \n \n Southard\n TE.\n \n \n Cervical vertebrae maturation method: poor reproducibility.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t136(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t478.e1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7;\n\t\t\t\t\tdiscussion 478\u2013480."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b04","series-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy","first-page":"222","article-title":"Reliability of the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method","volume":"116","author":"Predko-Engel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Predko-Engel\n A,\n \n \n Kaminek\n M,\n \n \n Langova\n K,\n \n \n Kowalski\n P,\n \n \n Fudalej\n PS.\n \n \n Reliability of the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method.\n\t\t\t\t\tBratisl Lek Listy.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t116(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t222\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t226."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"92","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of cervical vertebrae in relation to mandibular growth","volume":"149","author":"Gray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gray\n S,\n \n \n Bennani\n H,\n \n \n Kieser\n JA,\n \n \n Farella\n M.\n \n \n Morphometric analysis of cervical vertebrae in relation to mandibular growth.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t149(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t92\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t98."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"88","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation: a clinically oriented method based on hand-wrist films","volume":"52","author":"Fishman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fishman\n LS.\n \n \n Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation: a clinically oriented method based on hand-wrist films.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1982;\n\t\t\t\t\t52:\n\t\t\t\t\t88\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t112."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti\n T,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr.\n \n \n An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t72(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t316\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t323."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b08","series-title":"Am J Ortho","first-page":"75","article-title":"Misuse of hand-wrist radiographs","volume":"77","author":"Smith","year":"1980","unstructured":"Smith\n RJ.\n \n \n Misuse of hand-wrist radiographs.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Ortho.\n\t\t\t\t\t1980;\n\t\t\t\t\t77:\n\t\t\t\t\t75\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t78."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"222","article-title":"Matched analysis for paired binary data (McNemar test)","volume":"151","author":"Despina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Despina\n K,\n \n \n Nikolasos\n P.\n \n \n Matched analysis for paired binary data (McNemar test).\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151:\n\t\t\t\t\t222\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t223."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b10","series-title":"Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [master's thesis]","author":"Lamparski","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lamparski\n DG.\n \n \n \n Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [master's thesis].\n\t\t\t\t\tPittsburgh, PA:\n\t\t\t\t\tDepartment of Orthodontics, The University of Pittsburgh;1972."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"229","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a method for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation","volume":"82","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao\n XG,\n \n \n Lin\n J,\n \n \n Jiang\n JH,\n \n \n Wang\n Q,\n \n \n Ng\n SH.\n \n \n Validity and reliability of a method for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t82:\n\t\t\t\t\t229\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t234."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Cervical vertebral maturation as a biologic indicator of skeletal maturity","volume":"82","author":"Santiago","year":"2012","unstructured":"Santiago\n RC,\n \n \n de Miranda Costa\n LF,\n \n \n Vitral\n RW,\n \n \n Fraga\n MR,\n \n \n Bolognese\n AM,\n \n \n Maia\n LC.\n \n \n Cervical vertebral maturation as a biologic indicator of skeletal maturity.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t82(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1131."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"227","article-title":"Discriminatory ability of the skeletal maturation index and the cervical vertebrae maturation index in detecting peak pubertal growth in Indonesian and white subjects with receiver operating characteristics analysis","volume":"134","author":"Soegiharto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soegiharto\n BM,\n \n \n Moles\n DR,\n \n \n Cunningham\n SJ.\n \n \n Discriminatory ability of the skeletal maturation index and the cervical vertebrae maturation index in detecting peak pubertal growth in Indonesian and white subjects with receiver operating characteristics analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t237."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b02","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"20140270","article-title":"Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Cericato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cericato\n GO,\n \n \n Bittencourt\n MA,\n \n \n Paranhos\n LR.\n \n \n Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tDentomaxillofac Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t20140270."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"478.e1","article-title":"Cervical vertebrae maturation method: poor reproducibility","volume":"136","author":"Gabriel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gabriel\n DB,\n \n \n Southard\n KA,\n \n \n Qian\n F,\n \n \n Marshall\n SD,\n \n \n Franciscus\n RG,\n \n \n Southard\n TE.\n \n \n Cervical vertebrae maturation method: poor reproducibility.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t136(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t478.e1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7;\n\t\t\t\t\tdiscussion 478\u2013480."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b04","series-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy","first-page":"222","article-title":"Reliability of the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method","volume":"116","author":"Predko-Engel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Predko-Engel\n A,\n \n \n Kaminek\n M,\n \n \n Langova\n K,\n \n \n Kowalski\n P,\n \n \n Fudalej\n PS.\n \n \n Reliability of the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method.\n\t\t\t\t\tBratisl Lek Listy.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t116(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t222\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t226."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"92","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of cervical vertebrae in relation to mandibular growth","volume":"149","author":"Gray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gray\n S,\n \n \n Bennani\n H,\n \n \n Kieser\n JA,\n \n \n Farella\n M.\n \n \n Morphometric analysis of cervical vertebrae in relation to mandibular growth.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t149(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t92\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t98."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"88","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation: a clinically oriented method based on hand-wrist films","volume":"52","author":"Fishman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fishman\n LS.\n \n \n Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation: a clinically oriented method based on hand-wrist films.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1982;\n\t\t\t\t\t52:\n\t\t\t\t\t88\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t112."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti\n T,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr.\n \n \n An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t72(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t316\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t323."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b08","series-title":"Am J Ortho","first-page":"75","article-title":"Misuse of hand-wrist radiographs","volume":"77","author":"Smith","year":"1980","unstructured":"Smith\n RJ.\n \n \n Misuse of hand-wrist radiographs.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Ortho.\n\t\t\t\t\t1980;\n\t\t\t\t\t77:\n\t\t\t\t\t75\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t78."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"222","article-title":"Matched analysis for paired binary data (McNemar test)","volume":"151","author":"Despina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Despina\n K,\n \n \n Nikolasos\n P.\n \n \n Matched analysis for paired binary data (McNemar test).\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151:\n\t\t\t\t\t222\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t223."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b10","series-title":"Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [master's thesis]","author":"Lamparski","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lamparski\n DG.\n \n \n \n Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [master's thesis].\n\t\t\t\t\tPittsburgh, PA:\n\t\t\t\t\tDepartment of Orthodontics, The University of Pittsburgh;1972."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"229","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a method for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation","volume":"82","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao\n XG,\n \n \n Lin\n J,\n \n \n Jiang\n JH,\n \n \n Wang\n Q,\n \n \n Ng\n SH.\n \n \n Validity and reliability of a method for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t82:\n\t\t\t\t\t229\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t234."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-92-3-353-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Cervical vertebral maturation as a biologic indicator of skeletal maturity","volume":"82","author":"Santiago","year":"2012","unstructured":"Santiago\n RC,\n \n \n de Miranda Costa\n LF,\n \n \n Vitral\n RW,\n \n \n Fraga\n MR,\n \n \n Bolognese\n AM,\n \n \n Maia\n LC.\n \n \n Cervical vertebral maturation as a biologic indicator of skeletal maturity.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t82(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1131."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/92\/3\/article-p353.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/92\/3\/353\/3045301\/i1945-7103-92-3-353.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/92\/3\/article-p353.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/92\/3\/article-p353.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:36:11Z","timestamp":1780065371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/92\/3\/article-p353.xml"}},"subtitle":["A retrospective study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/051821-393.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}