{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:54:06Z","timestamp":1788227646855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To assess mandibular and glenoid fossa (GF) changes after bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) therapy in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The cleft group (CG) comprised 19 patients with (mean initial age of 11.8 years). The noncleft group (NCG) comprised 24 patients without clefts (mean initial age of 11.7 years). Both groups had Class III malocclusion and were treated with BAMP therapy for 18 and 12 months, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams were performed before and after treatment and superimposed on the anterior cranial fossa (ACF). Mandibular rotations and three-dimensional linear displacements of the mandible and GF were quantified. A\n t-<\/jats:italic>\n test corrected for multiple testing (Holm-Bonferroni method) and a paired\n t-<\/jats:italic>\n test were used to compare, respectively, the CG and NCG and cleft vs noncleft sides (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05\n )<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Immediately after active treatment, the GF was displaced posteriorly and laterally in both groups relative to the ACF. The overall GF changes in the CG were significantly smaller than in the NCG. Condylar displacement was similar in both groups, following a posterior and lateral direction. The gonial angle was displaced similarly posteriorly, laterally, and inferiorly in both groups. The intercondylar line rotated in opposite directions in the CG and NCG groups. In the CG, most changes of the GF and mandible were symmetrical.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Overall GF and mandibular changes after BAMP therapy were similar in patients with and without clefts. The exception was the posterior remodeling of the GF that was slightly smaller in patients with UCLP.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/052516-419.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T09:41:32Z","timestamp":1474882892000},"page":"423-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with UCLP: A 3-D preliminary assessment"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Marilia","family":"Yatabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellow, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru-S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Garib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru-S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Faco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgeon, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru-S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"de Clerck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visiting Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Souki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru-S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Cevidanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ruellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b01","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by the Oslo CLP Team","volume":"28","author":"Semb \n G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Semb \n G. \n \n \n A study of facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by the Oslo CLP Team. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1991;28:1\u201321; discussion 46\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"A cephalometric analysis of the developmental pattern and facial morphology in cleft palate","volume":"19","author":"Graber \n TM.","year":"1949","unstructured":"Graber \n TM. \n \n \n A cephalometric analysis of the developmental pattern and facial morphology in cleft palate. Angle Orthod. 1949;19:91\u2013100."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"202","article-title":"Craniofacial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"41","author":"Aduss \n H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Aduss \n H. \n \n \n Craniofacial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Angle Orthod. 1971;41:202\u2013213."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b04","series-title":"Mandibular morphology and spatial position in patients with clefts: intrinsic or latrogenic? 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Cleft Palate J. 1967;4:157\u2013164."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b06","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"37","article-title":"The clinical implications of facial growth in cleft lip and palate","volume":"7","author":"Ross \n RB.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ross \n RB. \n \n \n The clinical implications of facial growth in cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate J. 1970;7:37\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"404","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy","volume":"118","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA, \n Jr. \n \n \n Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:404\u2013413."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b08","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2123","article-title":"Orthopedic traction of the maxilla with miniplates: a new perspective for treatment of midface deficiency","volume":"67","author":"De Clerck \n HJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Clerck \n HJ, \n \n \n Cornelis \n MA, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n LH, \n \n et al. \n Orthopedic traction of the maxilla with miniplates: a new perspective for treatment of midface deficiency. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67:2123\u20132129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"799","article-title":"Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"80","author":"Cevidanes \n L,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n et al. \n Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:799\u2013806."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"607","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint remodeling in adolescents and young adults during Herbst treatment: a prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and cephalometric radiographic investigation","volume":"115","author":"Ruf \n S,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ruf \n S, \n \n \n Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n Temporomandibular joint remodeling in adolescents and young adults during Herbst treatment: a prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and cephalometric radiographic investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:607\u2013618."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"823","article-title":"The cephalometric, anatomic, and histologic changes in Macaca mulatta after application of a continuous-acting retraction force on the mandible","volume":"51","author":"Janzen \n EK,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Janzen \n EK, \n \n \n Bluher \n JA. \n \n \n The cephalometric, anatomic, and histologic changes in Macaca mulatta after application of a continuous-acting retraction force on the mandible. Am J Orthod. 1965;51:823\u2013855."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"25","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction","volume":"142","author":"De Clerck \n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Nguyen \n T, \n \n \n de Paula \n LK, \n \n et al. \n Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:25\u201331."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b13","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Goslon Yardstick: a new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate","volume":"24","author":"Mars \n M,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mars \n M, \n \n \n Plint \n DA, \n \n \n Houston \n WJ, \n \n et al. \n The Goslon Yardstick: a new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. Cleft Palate J. 1987;24:314\u2013322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"790","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen \n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen \n T, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Cornelis \n MA, \n \n et al. \n Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:790\u2013798."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b15","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"1116","article-title":"User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability","volume":"31","author":"Yushkevich \n PA,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yushkevich \n PA, \n \n \n Piven \n J, \n \n \n Hazlett \n HC, \n \n et al. \n User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage. 2006;31:1116\u20131128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b16","series-title":"Magn Reson Imaging","first-page":"1323","article-title":"3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network","volume":"30","author":"Fedorov \n A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorov \n A, \n \n \n Beichel \n R, \n \n \n Kalpathy-Cramer \n J, \n \n et al. \n 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;30:1323\u20131341."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"645","article-title":"Common 3-dimensional coordinate system for assessment of directional changes","volume":"149","author":"Ruellas \n AC,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruellas \n AC, \n \n \n Tonello \n C, \n \n \n Gomes \n LR, \n \n et al. \n Common 3-dimensional coordinate system for assessment of directional changes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:645\u2013656."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"94","article-title":"Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients","volume":"136","author":"Cevidanes \n LH,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cevidanes \n LH, \n \n \n Heymann \n G, \n \n \n Cornelis \n MA, \n \n et al. \n Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:94\u201399."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"533","article-title":"Comparison and reproducibility of 2 regions of reference for maxillary regional registration with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"149","author":"Ruellas \n AC,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruellas \n AC, \n \n \n \n \n HuancaGhislanzoni \n LT, \n \n \n Gomes \n MR, \n \n et al. \n Comparison and reproducibility of 2 regions of reference for maxillary regional registration with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:533\u2013542."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b20","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0157625","article-title":"3D mandibular superimposition: comparison of regions of reference for voxel-based registration","volume":"11","author":"Ruellas \n AC,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruellas \n AC, \n \n \n Yatabe \n MS, \n \n \n Souki \n BQ, \n \n et al. \n 3D mandibular superimposition: comparison of regions of reference for voxel-based registration. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0157625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of linear cephalometric measurements from cone-beam computed tomography scans of a dry human skull","author":"Berco \n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berco \n M, \n \n \n Rigali \n PH, \n Jr., \n \n \n Miner \n RM, \n \n et al. \n Accuracy and reliability of linear cephalometric measurements from cone-beam computed tomography scans of a dry human skull. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:17 e11\u2013e19; discussion 17\u201318."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"157","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography measurements: influence of head orientation","volume":"140","author":"El-Beialy \n AR,","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Beialy \n AR, \n \n \n Fayed \n MS, \n \n \n El-Bialy \n AM, \n \n et al. \n Accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography measurements: influence of head orientation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:157\u2013165."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b23","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"410","article-title":"Mandibular asymmetry in noncleft and unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals","volume":"34","author":"Laspos \n CP,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laspos \n CP, \n \n \n Kyrkanides \n S, \n \n \n Tallents \n RH, \n \n et al. \n Mandibular asymmetry in noncleft and unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997;34:410\u2013416."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b24","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"208","article-title":"Maxillary protraction: different effects on facial morphology in unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients","volume":"30","author":"Tindlund \n RS,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tindlund \n RS, \n \n \n Rygh \n P. \n \n \n Maxillary protraction: different effects on facial morphology in unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1993;30:208\u2013221."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"783","article-title":"New treatment modality for maxillary hypoplasia in cleft patients. Protraction facemask with miniplate anchorage","volume":"80","author":"Baek \n SH,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek \n SH, \n \n \n Kim \n KW, \n \n \n Choi \n JY. \n \n \n New treatment modality for maxillary hypoplasia in cleft patients. Protraction facemask with miniplate anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:783\u2013791."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b01","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by the Oslo CLP Team","volume":"28","author":"Semb \n G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Semb \n G. \n \n \n A study of facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by the Oslo CLP Team. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1991;28:1\u201321; discussion 46\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"A cephalometric analysis of the developmental pattern and facial morphology in cleft palate","volume":"19","author":"Graber \n TM.","year":"1949","unstructured":"Graber \n TM. \n \n \n A cephalometric analysis of the developmental pattern and facial morphology in cleft palate. Angle Orthod. 1949;19:91\u2013100."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"202","article-title":"Craniofacial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"41","author":"Aduss \n H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Aduss \n H. \n \n \n Craniofacial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Angle Orthod. 1971;41:202\u2013213."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b04","series-title":"Mandibular morphology and spatial position in patients with clefts: intrinsic or latrogenic? Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"369","article-title":"Corr\u00eaa Normando AD, Capelozza Filho L","volume":"29","author":"Silva Filho \n OG,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Silva Filho \n OG, \n \n \n Corr\u00eaa Normando AD, Capelozza Filho L. Mandibular morphology and spatial position in patients with clefts: intrinsic or latrogenic? Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1992;29:369\u2013375."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b05","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"157","article-title":"The effect of early orthodontic treatment on facial growth in cleft lip and palate","volume":"4","author":"Ross \n RB,","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ross \n RB, \n \n \n Johnston \n MC. \n \n \n The effect of early orthodontic treatment on facial growth in cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate J. 1967;4:157\u2013164."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b06","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"37","article-title":"The clinical implications of facial growth in cleft lip and palate","volume":"7","author":"Ross \n RB.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ross \n RB. \n \n \n The clinical implications of facial growth in cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate J. 1970;7:37\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"404","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy","volume":"118","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA, \n Jr. \n \n \n Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:404\u2013413."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b08","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2123","article-title":"Orthopedic traction of the maxilla with miniplates: a new perspective for treatment of midface deficiency","volume":"67","author":"De Clerck \n HJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Clerck \n HJ, \n \n \n Cornelis \n MA, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n LH, \n \n et al. \n Orthopedic traction of the maxilla with miniplates: a new perspective for treatment of midface deficiency. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67:2123\u20132129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"799","article-title":"Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"80","author":"Cevidanes \n L,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n et al. \n Comparison of two protocols for maxillary protraction: bone anchors versus face mask with rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:799\u2013806."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"607","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint remodeling in adolescents and young adults during Herbst treatment: a prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and cephalometric radiographic investigation","volume":"115","author":"Ruf \n S,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ruf \n S, \n \n \n Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n Temporomandibular joint remodeling in adolescents and young adults during Herbst treatment: a prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and cephalometric radiographic investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:607\u2013618."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"823","article-title":"The cephalometric, anatomic, and histologic changes in Macaca mulatta after application of a continuous-acting retraction force on the mandible","volume":"51","author":"Janzen \n EK,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Janzen \n EK, \n \n \n Bluher \n JA. \n \n \n The cephalometric, anatomic, and histologic changes in Macaca mulatta after application of a continuous-acting retraction force on the mandible. Am J Orthod. 1965;51:823\u2013855."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"25","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction","volume":"142","author":"De Clerck \n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Nguyen \n T, \n \n \n de Paula \n LK, \n \n et al. \n Three-dimensional assessment of mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored Class III intermaxillary traction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:25\u201331."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b13","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Goslon Yardstick: a new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate","volume":"24","author":"Mars \n M,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mars \n M, \n \n \n Plint \n DA, \n \n \n Houston \n WJ, \n \n et al. \n The Goslon Yardstick: a new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. Cleft Palate J. 1987;24:314\u2013322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"790","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen \n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen \n T, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Cornelis \n MA, \n \n et al. \n Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:790\u2013798."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b15","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"1116","article-title":"User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability","volume":"31","author":"Yushkevich \n PA,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yushkevich \n PA, \n \n \n Piven \n J, \n \n \n Hazlett \n HC, \n \n et al. \n User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage. 2006;31:1116\u20131128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b16","series-title":"Magn Reson Imaging","first-page":"1323","article-title":"3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network","volume":"30","author":"Fedorov \n A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorov \n A, \n \n \n Beichel \n R, \n \n \n Kalpathy-Cramer \n J, \n \n et al. \n 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;30:1323\u20131341."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"645","article-title":"Common 3-dimensional coordinate system for assessment of directional changes","volume":"149","author":"Ruellas \n AC,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruellas \n AC, \n \n \n Tonello \n C, \n \n \n Gomes \n LR, \n \n et al. \n Common 3-dimensional coordinate system for assessment of directional changes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:645\u2013656."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-423-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"94","article-title":"Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients","volume":"136","author":"Cevidanes \n LH,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cevidanes \n LH, \n \n \n Heymann \n G, \n \n \n Cornelis \n MA, \n \n et al. \n Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients. 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