{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:11:07Z","timestamp":1784675467840,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To examine modifications in sleep pattern and in craniofacial morphology of adolescents with mandibular retrognathism.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Sixteen subjects at maximum pubertal growth (12.6\u00a0years [\u00b111.5\u00a0months]) were selected and treated for 12\u00a0months with maxillary expansion and mandibular advancement with a Herbst appliance. Cephalometric radiography and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained prior to and after treatment and were compared using the paired Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test or the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Four polysomnographic recordings were obtained with pressurized nasal cannulae and were analyzed by analysis of variance.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The length of the mandible was increased, while the antero-posterior position of the maxilla remained stable. The posterior airway space was increased, the length of the tongue was preserved, and the hyoid bone was moved to a more anterior position. After Herbst treatment, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, and percentage of REM sleep remained stable. We did observe a reduction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) in the relative proportions of stage 1 and stage 3\u20134 (from 4.30 \u00b1 1.99 to 2.61 \u00b1 1.83 for stage 1 and from 25.78 \u00b1 7.00 to 19.17 \u00b1 7.58 for stages 3\u20134) as well as an increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01) in the percentage of stage 2 after treatment (49.03 \u00b1 6.25 to 56.90 \u00b1 6.22). There was a reduction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) in the number of respiratory effort\u2013related arousals (7.06 \u00b1 5.37 to 1.31 \u00b1 1.45 per hour of sleep) due to an increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01) in airway volume.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In the short term, the increase in airway space improved nocturnal breathing associated with the correction of mandibular retrognathism.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/052710-233.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]],"date-time":"2011-01-05T22:17:08Z","timestamp":1294265828000},"page":"222-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Class II correction improves nocturnal breathing in adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Teresa Cristina Barros","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladys Cristina","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia Pradella","family":"Hallinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thays Crosara Abrah\u00e3o","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Tufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-81-2-222-b01","series-title":"Swiss Med Wkly","first-page":"689","article-title":"Sleep and respiration in children: time to wake up!","volume":"137","author":"Wildhaber, J. 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Inability of clinical history to distinguish primary snoring from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.Chest1995. 108:610\u2013618."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/2\/article-p222.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/2\/article-p222.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/2\/article-p222.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:53:24Z","timestamp":1747356804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/2\/article-p222.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/052710-233.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}