{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:30:30Z","timestamp":1792672230200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The auriculo-condylar syndrome is caused by abnormalities of the first and second pharyngeal arches during embryonic development. Its inheritance follows the autosomal dominant pattern. Both familial and individual cases are reported in the literature. The syndrome is characterized by wide phenotypic variation, with affected individuals expressing clinical signs of variable severity due to variable expressivity of the responsible genes. Clinical signs of the syndrome include auricular malformation, hypoplasia of the mandibular condyles, anomalies of the temporomandibular joints, malocclusion, and, in more severe cases, cleft palate, glossoptosis, facial asymmetry, and respiratory problems. The aim of this article is to report a case of a female patient with signs of the auriculo-condylar syndrome and to present the pedigree of her family. Clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment plan, and final treatment are analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/052911-356.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,3]],"date-time":"2011-11-03T12:37:36Z","timestamp":1320323856000},"page":"556-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Auriculo-condylar syndrome"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Papagrigorakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Sleep Apnoa Dental Unit, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Karamolegou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontist, Research fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Vilos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Apostolidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Karamesinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist, Research fellow, Sleep Apnoa Dental Unit, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. N.","family":"Synodinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontist, Research fellow, Sleep Apnoa Dental Unit, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b01","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"454","article-title":"The question mark ear.","volume":"46","author":"Cosman, B.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Cosman, B., H.Bellin, and G. F.Crikelair. The question mark ear.Plast Reconstr Surg1970. 46:454\u2013457."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b02","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","first-page":"69","article-title":"The question mark ear (congenital auricular cleft): a familial case.","volume":"22","author":"Takato, T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Takato, T., H.Takeda, M.Kamei, and K.Uchiyama. The question mark ear (congenital auricular cleft): a familial case.Ann Plast Surg1989. 22:69\u201373."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b03","series-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"165","article-title":"Combined bilateral external ear deformity and hypoplastic mandible: case report.","volume":"12","author":"Uuspaa, V.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Uuspaa, V.\n          \n          Combined bilateral external ear deformity and hypoplastic mandible: case report.\n          Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg\n          1978. 12:165\u2013167."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b04","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"449","article-title":"New syndrome? Prominent, constricted ears with malformed condyle of the mandible.","volume":"75","author":"Jampol, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jampol, M., G.Repetto, D. A.Keith, H.Curtin, J.Remensynder, and L. B.Holmes. New syndrome? Prominent, constricted ears with malformed condyle of the mandible.Am J Med Genet1998. 75:449\u2013452."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b05","series-title":"Eur J Hum Genet","first-page":"145","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome: mapping of a first locus and evidence for genetic heterogeneity.","volume":"16","author":"Masotti, C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Masotti, C., K. G.Oliveira, F.Poerner, et al. Auriculo-condylar syndrome: mapping of a first locus and evidence for genetic heterogeneity.Eur J Hum Genet2008. 16:145\u2013152."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b06","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches: a review.","volume":"149A","author":"Passos-Bueno, M. R.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Passos-Bueno, M. R., C. C.Ornelas, and R. D.Fanganiello. Syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches: a review.Am J Med Genet A2009. 149A:1853\u20131859."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b07","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"130","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome: further evidence for a new disorder.","volume":"86","author":"Guion-Almeida, M. L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guion-Almeida, M. L., N. M.Kokitsu-Nakata, R. M.Zechi-Ceide, and S.Vendramini. Auriculo-condylar syndrome: further evidence for a new disorder.Am J Med Genet1999. 86:130\u2013133."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b08","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"209","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome: additional patients.","volume":"112","author":"Guion-Almeida, M. L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guion-Almeida, M. L., R. M.Zechi-Ceide, S.Vendramini, and N. M.Kokitsu-Nakata. Auriculo-condylar syndrome: additional patients.Am J Med Genet2002. 112:209\u2013214."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b09","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"2280","article-title":"Autosomal dominant isolated question mark ear.","volume":"146A","author":"Shkalim, V.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shkalim, V., N.Eliaz, N.Linder, P.Merlob, and L.Basel-Vanagaite. Autosomal dominant isolated question mark ear.Am J Med Genet A2008. 146A:2280\u20132283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b10","series-title":"Clin Dysmorphol","first-page":"277","article-title":"Question mark ears, temporo-mandibular joint malformation and hypotonia: auriculo-condylar syndrome or a distinct entity?","volume":"9","author":"Priolo, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Priolo, M., M.Lerone, L.Rosaia, E. P.Calcagno, A. K.Sadeghi, F.Ghezzi, R.Ravazzolo, and M.Silengo. Question mark ears, temporo-mandibular joint malformation and hypotonia: auriculo-condylar syndrome or a distinct entity?Clin Dysmorphol2000. 9:277\u2013280."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b11","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"141","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome is associated with highly variable ear and mandibular defects in multiple kindreds.","volume":"138A","author":"Storm, A. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Storm, A. L., J. M.Johnson, E.Lammer, G. E.Green, and C.Cunniff. Auriculo-condylar syndrome is associated with highly variable ear and mandibular defects in multiple kindreds.Am J Med Genet A2005. 138A:141\u2013145."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b12","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull","first-page":"214","article-title":"Malformation of ear associated with urogenital anomalies.","volume":"28","author":"Vincent, R. W.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Vincent, R. W., R. F.Ryan, and C. G.Longenecker. Malformation of ear associated with urogenital anomalies.Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull1961. 28:214\u2013220."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b13","series-title":"Clin Dysmorphol","first-page":"143","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome or new syndrome?","volume":"11","author":"Divizia, M. T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Divizia, M. T., A.Cordone, M.Bado, L.Rosaia, M.Cirillo Silengo, R.Ravazzolo, and M.Lerone. Auriculo-condylar syndrome or new syndrome?Clin Dysmorphol2002. 11:143\u2013144."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b14","series-title":"Clin Dysmorphol","first-page":"9","article-title":"Microtia, severe micrognathia and absent ossicles: auriculo-condylar syndrome or new entity?","volume":"16","author":"Nezarati, M. M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nezarati, M. M. and S.Aftimos. Microtia, severe micrognathia and absent ossicles: auriculo-condylar syndrome or new entity?Clin Dysmorphol2007. 16:9\u201313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b15","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"90","article-title":"Three-dimensional approach to analysis and treatment of hemifacial microsomia.","volume":"18","author":"Kaban, L. B.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kaban, L. B., J. B.Mulliken, and J. E.Murray. Three-dimensional approach to analysis and treatment of hemifacial microsomia.Cleft Palate J1981. 18:90\u201399."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b16","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"728","article-title":"Intraoral distraction osteogenesis of the mandible in hemifacial microsomia.","volume":"59","author":"Rachmiel, A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rachmiel, A., R.Manor, M.Peled, and D.Laufer. Intraoral distraction osteogenesis of the mandible in hemifacial microsomia.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2001. 59:728\u2013733."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b01","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"454","article-title":"The question mark ear.","volume":"46","author":"Cosman, B.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Cosman, B., H.Bellin, and G. F.Crikelair. The question mark ear.Plast Reconstr Surg1970. 46:454\u2013457."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b02","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","first-page":"69","article-title":"The question mark ear (congenital auricular cleft): a familial case.","volume":"22","author":"Takato, T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Takato, T., H.Takeda, M.Kamei, and K.Uchiyama. The question mark ear (congenital auricular cleft): a familial case.Ann Plast Surg1989. 22:69\u201373."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b03","series-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"165","article-title":"Combined bilateral external ear deformity and hypoplastic mandible: case report.","volume":"12","author":"Uuspaa, V.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Uuspaa, V.\n          \n          Combined bilateral external ear deformity and hypoplastic mandible: case report.\n          Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg\n          1978. 12:165\u2013167."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b04","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"449","article-title":"New syndrome? Prominent, constricted ears with malformed condyle of the mandible.","volume":"75","author":"Jampol, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jampol, M., G.Repetto, D. A.Keith, H.Curtin, J.Remensynder, and L. B.Holmes. New syndrome? 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Syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches: a review.Am J Med Genet A2009. 149A:1853\u20131859."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b07","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"130","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome: further evidence for a new disorder.","volume":"86","author":"Guion-Almeida, M. L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guion-Almeida, M. L., N. M.Kokitsu-Nakata, R. M.Zechi-Ceide, and S.Vendramini. Auriculo-condylar syndrome: further evidence for a new disorder.Am J Med Genet1999. 86:130\u2013133."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b08","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"209","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome: additional patients.","volume":"112","author":"Guion-Almeida, M. L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guion-Almeida, M. L., R. M.Zechi-Ceide, S.Vendramini, and N. M.Kokitsu-Nakata. Auriculo-condylar syndrome: additional patients.Am J Med Genet2002. 112:209\u2013214."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b09","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"2280","article-title":"Autosomal dominant isolated question mark ear.","volume":"146A","author":"Shkalim, V.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shkalim, V., N.Eliaz, N.Linder, P.Merlob, and L.Basel-Vanagaite. Autosomal dominant isolated question mark ear.Am J Med Genet A2008. 146A:2280\u20132283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b10","series-title":"Clin Dysmorphol","first-page":"277","article-title":"Question mark ears, temporo-mandibular joint malformation and hypotonia: auriculo-condylar syndrome or a distinct entity?","volume":"9","author":"Priolo, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Priolo, M., M.Lerone, L.Rosaia, E. P.Calcagno, A. K.Sadeghi, F.Ghezzi, R.Ravazzolo, and M.Silengo. Question mark ears, temporo-mandibular joint malformation and hypotonia: auriculo-condylar syndrome or a distinct entity?Clin Dysmorphol2000. 9:277\u2013280."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b11","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"141","article-title":"Auriculo-condylar syndrome is associated with highly variable ear and mandibular defects in multiple kindreds.","volume":"138A","author":"Storm, A. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Storm, A. L., J. M.Johnson, E.Lammer, G. E.Green, and C.Cunniff. Auriculo-condylar syndrome is associated with highly variable ear and mandibular defects in multiple kindreds.Am J Med Genet A2005. 138A:141\u2013145."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b12","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull","first-page":"214","article-title":"Malformation of ear associated with urogenital anomalies.","volume":"28","author":"Vincent, R. W.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Vincent, R. W., R. F.Ryan, and C. G.Longenecker. 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Microtia, severe micrognathia and absent ossicles: auriculo-condylar syndrome or new entity?Clin Dysmorphol2007. 16:9\u201313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b15","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"90","article-title":"Three-dimensional approach to analysis and treatment of hemifacial microsomia.","volume":"18","author":"Kaban, L. B.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kaban, L. B., J. B.Mulliken, and J. E.Murray. Three-dimensional approach to analysis and treatment of hemifacial microsomia.Cleft Palate J1981. 18:90\u201399."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-556-b16","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"728","article-title":"Intraoral distraction osteogenesis of the mandible in hemifacial microsomia.","volume":"59","author":"Rachmiel, A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rachmiel, A., R.Manor, M.Peled, and D.Laufer. Intraoral distraction osteogenesis of the mandible in hemifacial microsomia.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2001. 59:728\u2013733."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p556.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p556.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p556.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:04:34Z","timestamp":1780070674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p556.xml"}},"subtitle":["Diagnosis, treatment, and family history of a patient"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/052911-356.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}