{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:40:26Z","timestamp":1790192426209,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To examine medium- to long-term orthodontic treatment stability and its possible association with certain variables.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In a retrospective longitudinal study of 70 postretention patients, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was measured at the start (T1) and end (T2) of treatment and between 4 and 10 years afterwards (T3). The stability was considered absolute when the T2 and T3 values were identical and relative when the difference was within the \u00b15 range.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Among the 70 patients, 65.8% were female and 34.2% were male. Their mean age was 14.5 years. The mean treatment length was 2.4 years. The mean retention phase was 3.3 years. The mean pre- and posttreatment PAR scores were 29.8 (T1) and 6.3 (T2). The mean T1\u2013T2 difference was 23.6. The mean T2\u2013T3 difference was \u22120.39.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Within the study, 7.1% presented absolute stability and 68.6% presented relative stability. Lower anterior segment alignment and overbite were the most unstable occlusal features and tended to worsen. Fixed retainer (odds ratio [OR] 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10\u20130.98) as a protective factor and years without retention (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03\u20131.68) as a risk factor are predictor variables of instability in the case of lower anterior segment alignment. The PAR value at the end of treatment (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08\u20131.54) and extractions (OR 4.76; 95% CI 1.05\u201321.6) before treatment are predictors for midline instability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/053116-435.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T09:43:21Z","timestamp":1473155001000},"page":"223-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Orthodontic treatment stability predictors: A retrospective longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Paloma Gonz\u00e1lez-Gil","family":"de Bernab\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Montiel-Company","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Assistant Professor, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Paredes-Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Assistant Professor, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Gand\u00eda-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Bellot-Arc\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-223-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Evaluation of 3 retention protocols using the American Board of Orthodontics cast and radiograph evaluation","volume":"144","author":"Hoybjerg \n              AJ,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoybjerg \n              AJ, \n            \n            \n              Currier \n              GF, \n            \n            \n              Kadioglu \n              O. \n            \n          \n          Evaluation of 3 retention protocols using the American Board of Orthodontics cast and radiograph evaluation. 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Am J Orthod. 1982;82:456\u2013463."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-223-b05","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment","volume":"6","author":"Yu \n              Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Sun \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Lai \n              W, \n            \n            \n              Wu \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Koshy \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Shi \n              Z. \n            \n          \n          Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment. 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World J Orthod. 2010;11:61\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-223-b07","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"142","article-title":"Methodologies for evaluating long-term stability of dental relationships after orthodontic treatment","volume":"5","author":"Begole \n              EA,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Begole \n              EA, \n            \n            \n              Sadowsky \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Methodologies for evaluating long-term stability of dental relationships after orthodontic treatment. 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Eur J Orthod. 1997;19:279\u2013288."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-223-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"568","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of long-term stable and unstable orthodontic treatment outcomes","volume":"128","author":"Ormiston \n              JP,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ormiston \n              JP, \n            \n            \n              Huang \n              GJ, \n            \n            \n              Little \n              RM, \n            \n            \n              Decker \n              JD, \n            \n            \n              Seuk \n              GD. \n            \n          \n          Retrospective analysis of long-term stable and unstable orthodontic treatment outcomes. 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J Dent Educ. 2007;71:1179\u20131186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-223-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"428.e9","article-title":"Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse","volume":"132","author":"de Freitas \n              KM,","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Freitas \n              KM, \n            \n            \n              Janson \n              G, \n            \n            \n              de Freitas \n              MR, \n            \n            \n              Pinzan \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Henriques \n              JF, \n            \n            \n              Pinzan-Vercelino \n              CR. \n            \n          \n          Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:298\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-223-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"179e1","article-title":"Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse","volume":"134","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Al-Assad \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Weindel \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Lisson \n              JA. \n            \n          \n          Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse. 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Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:183\u2013189."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-223-b33","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Age-related long-term posttreatment occlusal and arch changes","volume":"80","author":"Park \n              H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Boley \n              JC, \n            \n            \n              Alexander \n              RA, \n            \n            \n              Buschang \n              PH. \n            \n          \n          Age-related long-term posttreatment occlusal and arch changes. 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