{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:18:16Z","timestamp":1791379096397,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between the periodontal soft tissue, alveolar bone and dental parameters surrounding the incisors at baseline in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study sample comprised 154 teeth from 28 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion (19 men and 9 women, 21.15 \u00b1 4.02 years). Periodontal soft tissue examination and hard tissue measurements with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed. Factor analysis was used to reduce the CBCT variables, and correlation analysis between the hard tissue factors and soft tissue parameters was performed. Differences in hard tissue parameters between thick and thin gingival types were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CBCT measurements were reduced to three hard tissue factors: lingual plate, coronal-buccal plate, and apical-buccal plate. Keratinized gingiva width and thickness were positively correlated with the coronal-buccal plate factor and negatively correlated with the apical-buccal plate factor. In the thin gingival biotype, mandibular incisors were more proclined, and the apical part of the buccal alveolar plate and the coronal part of lingual alveolar plate were thicker than in the thick gingival biotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the anterior teeth in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion, hard tissue structures on the buccal side can be grouped based on coronal and apical factors that are significantly correlated with keratinized gingival width and thickness. Thick and thin gingival biotypes exhibited differences in tooth inclination and alveolar plate thickness with regard to the mandibular incisors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/060117-367.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T12:51:53Z","timestamp":1509022313000},"page":"91-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Correlation between periodontal soft tissue and hard tissue surrounding incisors in skeletal Class III patients"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Jeong-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yeon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Won","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b01","series-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc","article-title":"Thick vs. thin gingival biotypes: a key determinant in treatment planning for dental implants","author":"Kao \n              RT.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kao \n              RT.\n            \n            \n              Fagan \n              MC.\n            \n            \n              Conte \n              GJ.\n            \n          \n          Thick vs. thin gingival biotypes: a key determinant in treatment planning for dental implants. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2008;36:193\u2013198."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b02","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"665","article-title":"Influence of periodontal biotype on root surface exposure during orthodontic treatment: a preliminary study","volume":"35","author":"Rasperini \n              G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasperini \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Acunzo \n              R.\n            \n            \n              Cannalire \n              P.\n            \n            \n              Farronato \n              G.\n            \n          \n          Influence of periodontal biotype on root surface exposure during orthodontic treatment: a preliminary study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2015;35:665\u2013675."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"552","article-title":"Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients","volume":"127","author":"Melsen \n              B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melsen \n              B.\n            \n            \n              Allais \n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127:552\u2013561."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"652","article-title":"Gingival recession in young adults: occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing","volume":"134","author":"Slutzkey \n              S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slutzkey \n              S.\n            \n            \n              Levin \n              L.\n            \n          \n          Gingival recession in young adults: occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:652\u2013656."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b05","series-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med","first-page":"857","article-title":"New perspectives in the diagnostic of gingival recession","volume":"23","author":"Dominiak \n              M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dominiak \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Gedrange \n              T.\n            \n          \n          New perspectives in the diagnostic of gingival recession. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2014;23:857\u2013863."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"225","article-title":"Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination: a study in adults with a surgically treated mandibular prognathism","volume":"91","author":"\u00c5rtun \n              J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"\u00c5rtun \n              J.\n            \n            \n              Krogstad \n              O.\n            \n          \n          Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination: a study in adults with a surgically treated mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;91:225\u2013232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b07","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of periodontal remodeling during orthodontic treatment","volume":"8","author":"Fuhrmann \n              R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fuhrmann \n              R.\n            \n          \n          Three-dimensional evaluation of periodontal remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod. 2002;8:23\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Yagci \n              A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yagci \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Veli \n              I.\n            \n            \n              Uysal \n              T.\n            \n            \n              Ucar \n              FI.\n            \n            \n              Ozer \n              T.\n            \n            \n              Enhos \n              S.\n            \n          \n          Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:67\u201374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"676","article-title":"Alveolar bone loss around incisors in surgical skeletal Class III patients","volume":"79","author":"Kim \n              Y.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim \n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Park \n              JU.\n            \n            \n              Kook \n              YA.\n            \n          \n          Alveolar bone loss around incisors in surgical skeletal Class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:676\u2013682."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"645","article-title":"Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients","volume":"82","author":"Kook \n              YA.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kook \n              YA.\n            \n            \n              Kim \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Kim \n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:645\u2013652."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"38","article-title":"Morphological characteristics of the symphyseal region in adult skeletal Class III crossbite and open bite malocclusions","volume":"78","author":"Chung \n              CJ.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung \n              CJ.\n            \n            \n              Jung \n              S.\n            \n            \n              Baik \n              HS.\n            \n          \n          Morphological characteristics of the symphyseal region in adult skeletal Class III crossbite and open bite malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:38\u201343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b12","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"345","article-title":"Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness: an in vivo study","volume":"31","author":"Cook \n              DR.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook \n              DR.\n            \n            \n              Mealey \n              BL.\n            \n            \n              Verrett \n              RG.\n            \n            et al. \n          Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness: an in vivo study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2011;31:345\u2013354."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b13","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"569","article-title":"Tissue biotype and its relation to the underlying bone morpholgy","volume":"81","author":"Fu \n              JH.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fu \n              JH.\n            \n            \n              Yeh \n              CY.\n            \n            \n              Chan \n              HL.\n            \n            \n              Tatarakis \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Leong \n              DJ.\n            \n            \n              Wang \n              HL.\n            \n          \n          Tissue biotype and its relation to the underlying bone morpholgy. J Periodontol. 2010;81:569\u2013574."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b14","series-title":"Implant Dent","first-page":"525","article-title":"Buccal bone thickness overlying maxillary anterior teeth: a clinical and radiographic prospective human study","volume":"25","author":"Khoury \n              J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khoury \n              J.\n            \n            \n              Ghosn \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Mokbel \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Naaman \n              N.\n            \n          \n          Buccal bone thickness overlying maxillary anterior teeth: a clinical and radiographic prospective human study. Implant Dent. 2016;25:525\u2013531."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b15","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"680","article-title":"Relationship between biotype and bone morphology in the lower anterior mandible: an observational study","volume":"87","author":"Ghassemian \n              M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghassemian \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Lajolo \n              C.\n            \n            \n              Semeraro \n              V.\n            \n            et al. \n          Relationship between biotype and bone morphology in the lower anterior mandible: an observational study. J Periodontol. 2016;87:680\u2013689."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b16","series-title":"Implant Dent","first-page":"507","article-title":"Anterior maxillary and mandibular biotype: relationship between gingival thickness and width with respect to underlying bone thickness","volume":"21","author":"La Rocca \n              AP.","year":"2012","unstructured":"La Rocca \n              AP.\n            \n            \n              Alemany \n              AS.\n            \n            \n              Levi \n              P\n              Jr, \n            \n            \n              Juan \n              MV.\n            \n            \n              Molina \n              JN.\n            \n            \n              Weisgold \n              AS.\n            \n          \n          Anterior maxillary and mandibular biotype: relationship between gingival thickness and width with respect to underlying bone thickness. Implant Dent. 2012;21:507\u2013515."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b17","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"557","article-title":"Dimensions of peri-implant mucosa: an evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in humans","volume":"74","author":"Kan \n              JY.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kan \n              JY.\n            \n            \n              Rungcharassaeng \n              K.\n            \n            \n              Umezu \n              K.\n            \n            \n              Kois \n              JC.\n            \n          \n          Dimensions of peri-implant mucosa: an evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in humans. J Periodontol. 2003;74:557\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b18","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"595","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomographic measurement of maxillary central incisors to determine prevalence of facial alveolar bone width \u2265 2 mm","volume":"14","author":"Nowzari \n              H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nowzari \n              H.\n            \n            \n              Molayem \n              S.\n            \n            \n              Chiu \n              CH.\n            \n            \n              Rich \n              SK.\n            \n          \n          Cone beam computed tomographic measurement of maxillary central incisors to determine prevalence of facial alveolar bone width \u2265 2 mm. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14:595\u2013602."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b19","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"125","article-title":"Thickness of the anterior maxillary facial bone wall\u2014a retrospective radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"31","author":"Braut \n              V.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Braut \n              V.\n            \n            \n              Bornstein \n              MM.\n            \n            \n              Belser \n              U.\n            \n            \n              Buser \n              D.\n            \n          \n          Thickness of the anterior maxillary facial bone wall\u2014a retrospective radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2011;31:125\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b20","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Dimension of the facial bone wall in the anterior maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"22","author":"Januario \n              AL.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Januario \n              AL.\n            \n            \n              Duarte \n              WR.\n            \n            \n              Barriviera \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Mesti \n              JC.\n            \n            \n              Araujo \n              MG.\n            \n            \n              Lindhe \n              J.\n            \n          \n          Dimension of the facial bone wall in the anterior maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22:1168\u20131171."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b21","series-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban","first-page":"234","article-title":"Measurement of facial bone wall thickness of maxillary anterior teeth and premolars on cone beam computed tomography images","volume":"41","author":"Shen \n              JW.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shen \n              JW.\n            \n            \n              He \n              FM.\n            \n            \n              Jiang \n              QH.\n            \n            \n              Shan \n              HQ.\n            \n          \n          Measurement of facial bone wall thickness of maxillary anterior teeth and premolars on cone beam computed tomography images. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012;41:234\u2013238."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b22","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"194","article-title":"Facial alveolar bone wall width\u2014a cone-beam computed tomography study in Asians","volume":"25","author":"Zekry \n              A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zekry \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Wang \n              R.\n            \n            \n              Chau \n              AC.\n            \n            \n              Lang \n              NP.\n            \n          \n          Facial alveolar bone wall width\u2014a cone-beam computed tomography study in Asians. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:194\u2013206."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b23","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"245","article-title":"Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"45","author":"Tian \n              YL.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian \n              YL.\n            \n            \n              Liu \n              F.\n            \n            \n              Sun \n              HJ.\n            \n            et al. \n          Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:245\u2013252."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b01","series-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc","article-title":"Thick vs. thin gingival biotypes: a key determinant in treatment planning for dental implants","author":"Kao \n              RT.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kao \n              RT.\n            \n            \n              Fagan \n              MC.\n            \n            \n              Conte \n              GJ.\n            \n          \n          Thick vs. thin gingival biotypes: a key determinant in treatment planning for dental implants. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2008;36:193\u2013198."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b02","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"665","article-title":"Influence of periodontal biotype on root surface exposure during orthodontic treatment: a preliminary study","volume":"35","author":"Rasperini \n              G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasperini \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Acunzo \n              R.\n            \n            \n              Cannalire \n              P.\n            \n            \n              Farronato \n              G.\n            \n          \n          Influence of periodontal biotype on root surface exposure during orthodontic treatment: a preliminary study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2015;35:665\u2013675."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"552","article-title":"Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients","volume":"127","author":"Melsen \n              B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melsen \n              B.\n            \n            \n              Allais \n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127:552\u2013561."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"652","article-title":"Gingival recession in young adults: occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing","volume":"134","author":"Slutzkey \n              S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slutzkey \n              S.\n            \n            \n              Levin \n              L.\n            \n          \n          Gingival recession in young adults: occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:652\u2013656."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b05","series-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med","first-page":"857","article-title":"New perspectives in the diagnostic of gingival recession","volume":"23","author":"Dominiak \n              M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dominiak \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Gedrange \n              T.\n            \n          \n          New perspectives in the diagnostic of gingival recession. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2014;23:857\u2013863."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"225","article-title":"Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination: a study in adults with a surgically treated mandibular prognathism","volume":"91","author":"\u00c5rtun \n              J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"\u00c5rtun \n              J.\n            \n            \n              Krogstad \n              O.\n            \n          \n          Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination: a study in adults with a surgically treated mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;91:225\u2013232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b07","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of periodontal remodeling during orthodontic treatment","volume":"8","author":"Fuhrmann \n              R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fuhrmann \n              R.\n            \n          \n          Three-dimensional evaluation of periodontal remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod. 2002;8:23\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Yagci \n              A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yagci \n              A.\n            \n            \n              Veli \n              I.\n            \n            \n              Uysal \n              T.\n            \n            \n              Ucar \n              FI.\n            \n            \n              Ozer \n              T.\n            \n            \n              Enhos \n              S.\n            \n          \n          Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:67\u201374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"676","article-title":"Alveolar bone loss around incisors in surgical skeletal Class III patients","volume":"79","author":"Kim \n              Y.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim \n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Park \n              JU.\n            \n            \n              Kook \n              YA.\n            \n          \n          Alveolar bone loss around incisors in surgical skeletal Class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:676\u2013682."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"645","article-title":"Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients","volume":"82","author":"Kook \n              YA.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kook \n              YA.\n            \n            \n              Kim \n              G.\n            \n            \n              Kim \n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of alveolar bone loss around incisors in normal occlusion samples and surgical skeletal class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:645\u2013652."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"38","article-title":"Morphological characteristics of the symphyseal region in adult skeletal Class III crossbite and open bite malocclusions","volume":"78","author":"Chung \n              CJ.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung \n              CJ.\n            \n            \n              Jung \n              S.\n            \n            \n              Baik \n              HS.\n            \n          \n          Morphological characteristics of the symphyseal region in adult skeletal Class III crossbite and open bite malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:38\u201343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b12","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"345","article-title":"Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness: an in vivo study","volume":"31","author":"Cook \n              DR.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook \n              DR.\n            \n            \n              Mealey \n              BL.\n            \n            \n              Verrett \n              RG.\n            \n            et al. \n          Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness: an in vivo study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2011;31:345\u2013354."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b13","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"569","article-title":"Tissue biotype and its relation to the underlying bone morpholgy","volume":"81","author":"Fu \n              JH.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fu \n              JH.\n            \n            \n              Yeh \n              CY.\n            \n            \n              Chan \n              HL.\n            \n            \n              Tatarakis \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Leong \n              DJ.\n            \n            \n              Wang \n              HL.\n            \n          \n          Tissue biotype and its relation to the underlying bone morpholgy. J Periodontol. 2010;81:569\u2013574."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b14","series-title":"Implant Dent","first-page":"525","article-title":"Buccal bone thickness overlying maxillary anterior teeth: a clinical and radiographic prospective human study","volume":"25","author":"Khoury \n              J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khoury \n              J.\n            \n            \n              Ghosn \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Mokbel \n              N.\n            \n            \n              Naaman \n              N.\n            \n          \n          Buccal bone thickness overlying maxillary anterior teeth: a clinical and radiographic prospective human study. Implant Dent. 2016;25:525\u2013531."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b15","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"680","article-title":"Relationship between biotype and bone morphology in the lower anterior mandible: an observational study","volume":"87","author":"Ghassemian \n              M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghassemian \n              M.\n            \n            \n              Lajolo \n              C.\n            \n            \n              Semeraro \n              V.\n            \n            et al. \n          Relationship between biotype and bone morphology in the lower anterior mandible: an observational study. J Periodontol. 2016;87:680\u2013689."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b16","series-title":"Implant Dent","first-page":"507","article-title":"Anterior maxillary and mandibular biotype: relationship between gingival thickness and width with respect to underlying bone thickness","volume":"21","author":"La Rocca \n              AP.","year":"2012","unstructured":"La Rocca \n              AP.\n            \n            \n              Alemany \n              AS.\n            \n            \n              Levi \n              P\n              Jr, \n            \n            \n              Juan \n              MV.\n            \n            \n              Molina \n              JN.\n            \n            \n              Weisgold \n              AS.\n            \n          \n          Anterior maxillary and mandibular biotype: relationship between gingival thickness and width with respect to underlying bone thickness. Implant Dent. 2012;21:507\u2013515."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-91-b17","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"557","article-title":"Dimensions of peri-implant mucosa: an evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in humans","volume":"74","author":"Kan \n              JY.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kan \n              JY.\n            \n            \n              Rungcharassaeng \n              K.\n            \n            \n              Umezu \n              K.\n            \n            \n              Kois \n              JC.\n            \n          \n          Dimensions of peri-implant mucosa: an evaluation of maxillary anterior single implants in humans. 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