{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:53Z","timestamp":1780067153109,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Borderline crowding poses a challenge in deciding whether or not to prescribe premolar extraction. This case report describes the two-phase nonextraction orthodontic treatment of an 11-year-old girl with a hyperdivergent skeletal Class I pattern exhibiting anterior crowding and moderate lip protrusion. The initial phase of treatment included maxillary and mandibular expansion to correct the transverse discrepancy as an early intervention. Subsequently, comprehensive treatment was initiated at the age of 13 years, with fully erupted permanent second molars and growth potential remaining. Phase II treatment involved a second round of maxillary expansion, followed by simultaneous bimaxillary total arch intrusive distalization, using interradicular, temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct dental crowding and improve the facial profile. Although the limited retromolar space posed a challenge to mandibular tooth distalization, gradual bone remodeling was observed in the lingual cortex of the mandibular body, enabling sufficient orthodontic tooth movement without noticeable side effects. After 4 years 3 months of treatment, her dental crowding was relieved, with significant improvement in the facial profile and proper occlusion. The treatment outcomes remained stable 2 years 4 months after retention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/060123-390.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T19:08:15Z","timestamp":1699988895000},"page":"353-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combined distalization and lingual cortex remodeling during mandibular growth for facial profile improvement: a case report"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Hai-Van","family":"Giap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Yoon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo-Hee","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"672","article-title":"Comparison of extraction versus nonextraction orthodontic treatment outcomes for borderline Chinese patients","volume":"129","author":"Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu\n              T-M,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              M-Z,\n            \n            \n              Huang\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of extraction versus nonextraction orthodontic treatment outcomes for borderline Chinese patients.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2006;\n129:672\u2013677."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b02","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"48","article-title":"Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi\n              SH,\n            \n            \n              Jeon\n              JY,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ,\n            \n            \n              Hwang\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment.\nOrthod Craniofac Res.\n2021;\n24:48\u201358."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization","volume":"146","author":"Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim\n              S-J,\n            \n            \n              Choi\n              T-H,\n            \n            \n              Baik\n              H-S,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              Y-C,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n146:190\u2013197."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"598","article-title":"Anatomical limitations and factors influencing molar distalization","volume":"92","author":"Hui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hui\n              VLZ,\n            \n            \n              Xie\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Zhang\n              K,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Anatomical limitations and factors influencing molar distalization.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:598\u2013605."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"108","article-title":"Long-term changes of the anterior palatal alveolar bone after treatment with bialveolar protrusion, evaluated with computed tomography","volume":"153","author":"Bae","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bae\n              S-M,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              H-J,\n            \n            \n              Kyung\n              H-M.\n            \n          \n          Long-term changes of the anterior palatal alveolar bone after treatment with bialveolar protrusion, evaluated with computed tomography.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153:108\u2013117."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"493","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement through the maxillary sinus in an adult with multiple missing teeth","volume":"146","author":"Oh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oh\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Herchold\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Hannon\n              S,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Orthodontic tooth movement through the maxillary sinus in an adult with multiple missing teeth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n146:493\u2013505."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b07","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"140","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues","volume":"74","author":"Antoun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antoun\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Mei\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Gibbs\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Farella\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues.\nPeriodontol 2000.\n2017;\n74:140\u2013157."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b08","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"114","article-title":"Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT","volume":"22","author":"Chun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chun\n              J-H,\n            \n            \n              de Castro\n              ACR,\n            \n            \n              Oh\n              S,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT.\nBMC Oral Health.\n2022;\n22:114."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b09","series-title":"Temporary Anchorage Devices in Clinical Orthodontics","first-page":"633","article-title":"The application of TADs for gummy smile correction","author":"Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee\n              KJ.\n            \n          \n          The application of TADs for gummy smile correction. In: ParkJH, ed. Temporary Anchorage Devices in Clinical Orthodontics.\nHoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2020:633\u2013645."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b10","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"167","article-title":"Maxillomandibular arch width differences at estimated centers of resistance: comparison between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"47","author":"Koo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koo\n              Y-J,\n            \n            \n              Choi\n              S-H,\n            \n            \n              Keum\n              B-T,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Maxillomandibular arch width differences at estimated centers of resistance: comparison between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion.\nKorean J Orthod.\n2017;\n47:167\u2013175."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b11","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"83","article-title":"Advanced biomechanics for total arch movement and non-surgical treatment for hyperdivergent faces","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee\n              K-J,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              S-J.\n            \n          \n          Advanced biomechanics for total arch movement and non-surgical treatment for hyperdivergent faces.\nSemin Orthod.\n2018;\n24:83\u201394."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"715","article-title":"Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion","volume":"144","author":"Tai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tai\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              JH,\n            \n            \n              Tatamiya\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kojima\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n144:715\u2013725."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"83","author":"Bechtold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bechtold\n              TE,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              J-W,\n            \n            \n              Choi\n              T-H,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              Y-C,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews.\nAngle Orthod.\n2013;\n83:266\u2013273."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"15","article-title":"Changes in alveolar bone thickness due to retraction of anterior teeth","volume":"122","author":"Sarikaya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sarikaya\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Haydar\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Ci\u01e7er\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Ariy\u00fcrek\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Changes in alveolar bone thickness due to retraction of anterior teeth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2002;\n122:15\u201326."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Alveolar bone response to maxillary incisor retraction using stable skeletal structures as a reference","volume":"91","author":"Eksriwong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eksriwong\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Thongudomporn\n              U.\n            \n          \n          Alveolar bone response to maxillary incisor retraction using stable skeletal structures as a reference.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:30\u201335."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b16","series-title":"Front Med China","first-page":"408","article-title":"Long-term remodeling of anterior alveolar bone from treatment to retention","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Jiang\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Zhang\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Xu\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Long-term remodeling of anterior alveolar bone from treatment to retention.\nFront Med China.\n2009;\n3:408\u2013414."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"367","article-title":"Orthodontic decompensation and correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion with gradual dentoalveolar remodeling in a growing patient","volume":"145","author":"Cai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cai\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Zhao\n              X-G,\n            \n            \n              Xiang\n              L-S.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic decompensation and correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion with gradual dentoalveolar remodeling in a growing patient.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n145:367\u2013380."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b18","series-title":"APOS Trends Orthod","first-page":"174","article-title":"Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part II: bony recession and cortical remodeling","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim\n              J-W,\n            \n            \n              Baik\n              H-S,\n            \n            \n              Mo\n              S-S,\n            \n            \n              Giap\n              H-V,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part II: bony recession and cortical remodeling.\nAPOS Trends Orthod.\n2021;\n11:174\u2013182."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b19","series-title":"APOS Trends Orthod","first-page":"256","article-title":"Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part III: periodontal and periosteal bone remodeling","volume":"11","author":"Mo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mo\n              S-S,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              J-W,\n            \n            \n              Baik\n              H-S,\n            \n            \n              Giap\n              H-V,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part III: periodontal and periosteal bone remodeling.\nAPOS Trends Orthod.\n2021;\n11:256\u2013265."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"552","article-title":"Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients","volume":"127","author":"Melsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melsen\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Allais\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2005;\n127:552\u2013561."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b21","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"450","article-title":"The effects of facial bone from facial tipping of incisors in monkeys","volume":"47","author":"Wingard","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wingard\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Bowers\n              G.\n            \n          \n          The effects of facial bone from facial tipping of incisors in monkeys.\nJ Periodontol.\n1976;\n47:450\u2013454."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b22","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"9161","article-title":"Difference in the alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults during upper incisor retraction: a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Zhu\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Zhu\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Lei\n              L.\n            \n          \n          Difference in the alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults during upper incisor retraction: a retrospective study.\nSci Rep.\n2022;\n12:9161."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"672","article-title":"Comparison of extraction versus nonextraction orthodontic treatment outcomes for borderline Chinese patients","volume":"129","author":"Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu\n              T-M,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              M-Z,\n            \n            \n              Huang\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of extraction versus nonextraction orthodontic treatment outcomes for borderline Chinese patients.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2006;\n129:672\u2013677."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b02","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"48","article-title":"Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi\n              SH,\n            \n            \n              Jeon\n              JY,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ,\n            \n            \n              Hwang\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment.\nOrthod Craniofac Res.\n2021;\n24:48\u201358."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization","volume":"146","author":"Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim\n              S-J,\n            \n            \n              Choi\n              T-H,\n            \n            \n              Baik\n              H-S,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              Y-C,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n146:190\u2013197."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"598","article-title":"Anatomical limitations and factors influencing molar distalization","volume":"92","author":"Hui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hui\n              VLZ,\n            \n            \n              Xie\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Zhang\n              K,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Anatomical limitations and factors influencing molar distalization.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:598\u2013605."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"108","article-title":"Long-term changes of the anterior palatal alveolar bone after treatment with bialveolar protrusion, evaluated with computed tomography","volume":"153","author":"Bae","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bae\n              S-M,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              H-J,\n            \n            \n              Kyung\n              H-M.\n            \n          \n          Long-term changes of the anterior palatal alveolar bone after treatment with bialveolar protrusion, evaluated with computed tomography.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153:108\u2013117."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"493","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement through the maxillary sinus in an adult with multiple missing teeth","volume":"146","author":"Oh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oh\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Herchold\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Hannon\n              S,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Orthodontic tooth movement through the maxillary sinus in an adult with multiple missing teeth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n146:493\u2013505."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b07","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"140","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues","volume":"74","author":"Antoun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antoun\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Mei\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Gibbs\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Farella\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues.\nPeriodontol 2000.\n2017;\n74:140\u2013157."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b08","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"114","article-title":"Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT","volume":"22","author":"Chun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chun\n              J-H,\n            \n            \n              de Castro\n              ACR,\n            \n            \n              Oh\n              S,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT.\nBMC Oral Health.\n2022;\n22:114."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b09","series-title":"Temporary Anchorage Devices in Clinical Orthodontics","first-page":"633","article-title":"The application of TADs for gummy smile correction","author":"Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee\n              KJ.\n            \n          \n          The application of TADs for gummy smile correction. In: ParkJH, ed. Temporary Anchorage Devices in Clinical Orthodontics.\nHoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2020:633\u2013645."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b10","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"167","article-title":"Maxillomandibular arch width differences at estimated centers of resistance: comparison between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"47","author":"Koo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koo\n              Y-J,\n            \n            \n              Choi\n              S-H,\n            \n            \n              Keum\n              B-T,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Maxillomandibular arch width differences at estimated centers of resistance: comparison between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion.\nKorean J Orthod.\n2017;\n47:167\u2013175."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b11","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"83","article-title":"Advanced biomechanics for total arch movement and non-surgical treatment for hyperdivergent faces","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee\n              K-J,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              S-J.\n            \n          \n          Advanced biomechanics for total arch movement and non-surgical treatment for hyperdivergent faces.\nSemin Orthod.\n2018;\n24:83\u201394."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"715","article-title":"Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion","volume":"144","author":"Tai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tai\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              JH,\n            \n            \n              Tatamiya\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kojima\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n144:715\u2013725."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"83","author":"Bechtold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bechtold\n              TE,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              J-W,\n            \n            \n              Choi\n              T-H,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              Y-C,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews.\nAngle Orthod.\n2013;\n83:266\u2013273."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"15","article-title":"Changes in alveolar bone thickness due to retraction of anterior teeth","volume":"122","author":"Sarikaya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sarikaya\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Haydar\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Ci\u01e7er\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Ariy\u00fcrek\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Changes in alveolar bone thickness due to retraction of anterior teeth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2002;\n122:15\u201326."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Alveolar bone response to maxillary incisor retraction using stable skeletal structures as a reference","volume":"91","author":"Eksriwong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eksriwong\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Thongudomporn\n              U.\n            \n          \n          Alveolar bone response to maxillary incisor retraction using stable skeletal structures as a reference.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:30\u201335."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b16","series-title":"Front Med China","first-page":"408","article-title":"Long-term remodeling of anterior alveolar bone from treatment to retention","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Jiang\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Zhang\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Xu\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Long-term remodeling of anterior alveolar bone from treatment to retention.\nFront Med China.\n2009;\n3:408\u2013414."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"367","article-title":"Orthodontic decompensation and correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion with gradual dentoalveolar remodeling in a growing patient","volume":"145","author":"Cai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cai\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Zhao\n              X-G,\n            \n            \n              Xiang\n              L-S.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic decompensation and correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion with gradual dentoalveolar remodeling in a growing patient.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n145:367\u2013380."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b18","series-title":"APOS Trends Orthod","first-page":"174","article-title":"Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part II: bony recession and cortical remodeling","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim\n              J-W,\n            \n            \n              Baik\n              H-S,\n            \n            \n              Mo\n              S-S,\n            \n            \n              Giap\n              H-V,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part II: bony recession and cortical remodeling.\nAPOS Trends Orthod.\n2021;\n11:174\u2013182."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b19","series-title":"APOS Trends Orthod","first-page":"256","article-title":"Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part III: periodontal and periosteal bone remodeling","volume":"11","author":"Mo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mo\n              S-S,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              J-W,\n            \n            \n              Baik\n              H-S,\n            \n            \n              Giap\n              H-V,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              K-J.\n            \n          \n          Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor\u2014part III: periodontal and periosteal bone remodeling.\nAPOS Trends Orthod.\n2021;\n11:256\u2013265."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"552","article-title":"Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients","volume":"127","author":"Melsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melsen\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Allais\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2005;\n127:552\u2013561."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b21","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"450","article-title":"The effects of facial bone from facial tipping of incisors in monkeys","volume":"47","author":"Wingard","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wingard\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Bowers\n              G.\n            \n          \n          The effects of facial bone from facial tipping of incisors in monkeys.\nJ Periodontol.\n1976;\n47:450\u2013454."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-353-b22","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"9161","article-title":"Difference in the alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults during upper incisor retraction: a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Zhu\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Zhu\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Lei\n              L.\n            \n          \n          Difference in the alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults during upper incisor retraction: a retrospective study.\nSci Rep.\n2022;\n12:9161."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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