{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T17:03:36Z","timestamp":1780074216305,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate any change in deglutitive tongue movement following the correction of malocclusion by orthognathic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The subjects were nine patients with mandibular protrusion. A control group consisted of 10 individuals with a similar age range and normal occlusion. Swallowing events before and after mandibular setback via sagittal split ramus osteotomy were recorded by cineradiography, and the tongue movement was analyzed. Time and linear measurements were compared before and after surgical treatment by the Wilcoxon signed rank test; control and test subjects were compared with the Mann-Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tongue-palate contact and the tongue-tip position changed after orthognathic surgery and became similar to those of the controls. Movements of the anterior and middorsal regions of the tongue did not change after orthognathic surgery and remained different from those of the controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that tongue-palate contact and tongue-tip position during deglutition adapted to the corrected oral and maxillofacial morphology, but the anterior and middorsal regions of the tongue during deglutition may have been affected by pharyngeal constrictors rather than by the oral and maxillofacial morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/060412-464.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T08:58:08Z","timestamp":1357289888000},"page":"591-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deglutitive tongue movement after correction of mandibular protrusion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Fujiki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshikazu","family":"Nagasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruko","family":"Takano-Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b01","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Shape, volume, and content of the deglutitive pharyngeal chamber imaged by ultrafast computerized tomography","volume":"105","author":"Ergun\n              GA,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ergun\n              GA, \n            \n              Kahrilas\n              PJ, \n            \n              Lin\n              S, \n            \n              Logemann\n              JA, \n            \n              Harig\n              JM. \n          \n          Shape, volume, and content of the deglutitive pharyngeal chamber imaged by ultrafast computerized tomography. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1396\u20131403."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b02","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"152","article-title":"Deglutitive tongue action: volume accommodation and bolus propulsion","volume":"104","author":"Kahrilas\n              PJ,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kahrilas\n              PJ, \n            \n              Lin\n              S, \n            \n              Logemann\n              JA, \n            \n              Ergun\n              GA, \n            \n              Facchini\n              F. \n          \n          Deglutitive tongue action: volume accommodation and bolus propulsion. Gastroenterology. 1993;104:152\u2013162."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b03","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","first-page":"762","article-title":"Effect of body position on deglutition","volume":"39","author":"Dejaeger\n              E,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dejaeger\n              E, \n            \n              Pelemans\n              W, \n            \n              Ponette\n              E, \n            \n              Vantrappen\n              G. \n          \n          Effect of body position on deglutition. Dig Dis Sci. 1994;39:762\u2013765."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b04","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1418","article-title":"Deglutitive tongue force modulation by volition, volume, and viscosity in humans","volume":"108","author":"Pouderoux\n              P,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pouderoux\n              P, \n            \n              Kahrilas\n              PJ. \n          \n          Deglutitive tongue force modulation by volition, volume, and viscosity in humans. Gastroenterology. 1995;108:1418\u20131426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b05","series-title":"Dysphagia","first-page":"118","article-title":"Effects of intraoral prosthetics on swallowing in patients with oral cancer","volume":"4","author":"Logemann\n              JA,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Logemann\n              JA, \n            \n              Kahrilas\n              PJ, \n            \n              Hurst\n              P, \n            \n              Davis\n              J, \n            \n              Krugler\n              C. \n          \n          Effects of intraoral prosthetics on swallowing in patients with oral cancer. Dysphagia. 1989;4:118\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b06","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"357","article-title":"Coordination of oral cavity and laryngeal movements during swallowing","volume":"77","author":"Gay\n              T,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gay\n              T, \n            \n              Rendell\n              JK, \n            \n              Spiro\n              J, \n            \n              Mosier\n              K, \n            \n              Lurie\n              AG. \n          \n          Coordination of oral cavity and laryngeal movements during swallowing. J Appl Physiol. 1994;77:357\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b07","series-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol","first-page":"G1071","article-title":"Influence of altered tongue contour and position on deglutitive pharyngeal and UES function","volume":"273","author":"Ali\n              GN,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ali\n              GN, \n            \n              Cook\n              IJ, \n            \n              Laundl\n              TM, \n            \n              Wallance\n              KL, \n            \n              De Carle\n              DJ. \n          \n          Influence of altered tongue contour and position on deglutitive pharyngeal and UES function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1997;273:G1071\u2013G1076."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b08","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"21","article-title":"Adaptive functional changes in the swallowing pattern of the tongue following expansion of the maxillary dental arch in subjects with and without cleft palate","volume":"26","author":"Ohkiba\n              T,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ohkiba\n              T, \n            \n              Hanada\n              K. \n          \n          Adaptive functional changes in the swallowing pattern of the tongue following expansion of the maxillary dental arch in subjects with and without cleft palate. Cleft Palate J. 1989;26:21\u201330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b09","series-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol","first-page":"G1070","article-title":"Deglutitive movement of the tongue under local anesthesia","volume":"280","author":"Fujiki\n              T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fujiki\n              T, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K, \n            \n              Pereira Sinovcic\n              JN, \n            \n              Miyawaki\n              S, \n            \n              Yamashiro\n              T. \n          \n          Deglutitive movement of the tongue under local anesthesia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001;280:G1070\u20131075."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"284","article-title":"A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement and nasopharyngeal closure in patients with anterior open bite","volume":"70","author":"Fujiki\n              T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fujiki\n              T, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Noguchi\n              H, \n            \n              Yamashiro\n              T, \n            \n              Guan\n              G, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K. \n          \n          A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement and nasopharyngeal closure in patients with anterior open bite. Angle Orthod. 2000;70:284\u2013289."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"160","article-title":"Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite","volume":"125","author":"Fujiki\n              T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujiki\n              T, \n            \n              Inoue\n              M, \n            \n              Miyawaki\n              S, \n            \n              Nagasaki\n              T, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T. \n          \n          Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:160\u2013167."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b12","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"523","article-title":"Prolonged dysphagia after orthognathic surgery","volume":"54","author":"Nagler\n              RM,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nagler\n              RM, \n            \n              Peled\n              M, \n            \n              Laufer\n              D. \n          \n          Prolonged dysphagia after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;54:523\u2013525."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"400","article-title":"Initial effects of the tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition: a Cine-Magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"76","author":"Sayin\n              MO,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sayin\n              MO, \n            \n              Akin\n              E, \n            \n              Kara\u00e7ay\n              S, \n            \n              Bulakba\u015fi\n              N. \n          \n          Initial effects of the tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition: a Cine-Magnetic resonance imaging study. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:400\u2013405."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b14","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"882","article-title":"Effects of tooth loss and denture wear on tongue-tip motion in elderly dentulous and edentulous people","volume":"35","author":"Yoshikawa\n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yoshikawa\n              M, \n            \n              Yoshida\n              M, \n            \n              Nagasaki\n              T, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K, \n            \n              Tsuga\n              K, \n            \n              Akagawa\n              Y. \n          \n          Effects of tooth loss and denture wear on tongue-tip motion in elderly dentulous and edentulous people. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:882\u2013888."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b15","series-title":"Manual for the Videofluorographic Study of Swallowing. 2nd ed","first-page":"115","author":"Logemann\n              JA.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Logemann\n              JA. \n          \n          Manual for the Videofluorographic Study of Swallowing. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-ed; 1993:115."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b16","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"211","article-title":"B-mode ultrasound scanning of the tongue during swallowing","volume":"23","author":"Fuhrmann\n              RAW,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fuhrmann\n              RAW, \n            \n              Diedrich\n              PR. \n          \n          B-mode ultrasound scanning of the tongue during swallowing. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994;23:211\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b17","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"93","article-title":"Morphological studies for retrusive movement of the human adult tongue","volume":"17","author":"Saigusa\n              H,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saigusa\n              H, \n            \n              Yamashita\n              K, \n            \n              Tanuma\n              K, \n            \n              Saigusa\n              M, \n            \n              Niimi\n              S. \n          \n          Morphological studies for retrusive movement of the human adult tongue. Clin Anat. 2004;17:93\u201398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b18","series-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol","first-page":"G1037","article-title":"Mechanism and timing of nasopharyngeal closure during swallowing and belching","volume":"268","author":"Dua\n              K,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dua\n              K, \n            \n              Shaker\n              R, \n            \n              Ren\n              J, \n            \n              Arndorfer\n              R, \n            \n              Hofmann\n              C. \n          \n          Mechanism and timing of nasopharyngeal closure during swallowing and belching. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1995;268:G1037\u2013G1042."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"451","article-title":"Differential diagnosis between infantile and mature swallowing with ultrasonography","volume":"25","author":"Peng\n              CL,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peng\n              CL, \n            \n              Jost-Brinkmann\n              PG, \n            \n              Yoshida\n              N, \n            \n              Miethke\n              RR, \n            \n              Lin\n              CT. \n          \n          Differential diagnosis between infantile and mature swallowing with ultrasonography. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25:451\u2013456."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"562","article-title":"Comparison of tongue functions between mature and tongue-thrust swallowing \u2013 an ultrasound investigation","volume":"125","author":"Peng\n              CL,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peng\n              CL, \n            \n              Jost-Brinkmann\n              PG, \n            \n              Yoshida\n              N, \n            \n              Chou\n              HH, \n            \n              Lin\n              CT. \n          \n          Comparison of tongue functions between mature and tongue-thrust swallowing \u2013 an ultrasound investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:562\u2013570."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b21","series-title":"Folia Phoniatr Logop","first-page":"140","article-title":"Dysphagia: evaluation and treatment","volume":"47","author":"Logemann\n              JA.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Logemann\n              JA. \n          \n          Dysphagia: evaluation and treatment. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 1995;47:140\u2013164."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b22","series-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol","first-page":"G675","article-title":"Effect of swallowed bolus variables on oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing","volume":"258","author":"Dantas\n              RO,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dantas\n              RO, \n            \n              Kern\n              MK, \n            \n              Massey\n              BT, \n            et al. \n          Effect of swallowed bolus variables on oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1990;258:G675\u2013G681."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b01","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Shape, volume, and content of the deglutitive pharyngeal chamber imaged by ultrafast computerized tomography","volume":"105","author":"Ergun\n              GA,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ergun\n              GA, \n            \n              Kahrilas\n              PJ, \n            \n              Lin\n              S, \n            \n              Logemann\n              JA, \n            \n              Harig\n              JM. \n          \n          Shape, volume, and content of the deglutitive pharyngeal chamber imaged by ultrafast computerized tomography. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1396\u20131403."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b02","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"152","article-title":"Deglutitive tongue action: volume accommodation and bolus propulsion","volume":"104","author":"Kahrilas\n              PJ,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kahrilas\n              PJ, \n            \n              Lin\n              S, \n            \n              Logemann\n              JA, \n            \n              Ergun\n              GA, \n            \n              Facchini\n              F. \n          \n          Deglutitive tongue action: volume accommodation and bolus propulsion. Gastroenterology. 1993;104:152\u2013162."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b03","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","first-page":"762","article-title":"Effect of body position on deglutition","volume":"39","author":"Dejaeger\n              E,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dejaeger\n              E, \n            \n              Pelemans\n              W, \n            \n              Ponette\n              E, \n            \n              Vantrappen\n              G. \n          \n          Effect of body position on deglutition. Dig Dis Sci. 1994;39:762\u2013765."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b04","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1418","article-title":"Deglutitive tongue force modulation by volition, volume, and viscosity in humans","volume":"108","author":"Pouderoux\n              P,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pouderoux\n              P, \n            \n              Kahrilas\n              PJ. \n          \n          Deglutitive tongue force modulation by volition, volume, and viscosity in humans. Gastroenterology. 1995;108:1418\u20131426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b05","series-title":"Dysphagia","first-page":"118","article-title":"Effects of intraoral prosthetics on swallowing in patients with oral cancer","volume":"4","author":"Logemann\n              JA,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Logemann\n              JA, \n            \n              Kahrilas\n              PJ, \n            \n              Hurst\n              P, \n            \n              Davis\n              J, \n            \n              Krugler\n              C. \n          \n          Effects of intraoral prosthetics on swallowing in patients with oral cancer. Dysphagia. 1989;4:118\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b06","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"357","article-title":"Coordination of oral cavity and laryngeal movements during swallowing","volume":"77","author":"Gay\n              T,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gay\n              T, \n            \n              Rendell\n              JK, \n            \n              Spiro\n              J, \n            \n              Mosier\n              K, \n            \n              Lurie\n              AG. \n          \n          Coordination of oral cavity and laryngeal movements during swallowing. J Appl Physiol. 1994;77:357\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b07","series-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol","first-page":"G1071","article-title":"Influence of altered tongue contour and position on deglutitive pharyngeal and UES function","volume":"273","author":"Ali\n              GN,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ali\n              GN, \n            \n              Cook\n              IJ, \n            \n              Laundl\n              TM, \n            \n              Wallance\n              KL, \n            \n              De Carle\n              DJ. \n          \n          Influence of altered tongue contour and position on deglutitive pharyngeal and UES function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1997;273:G1071\u2013G1076."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b08","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"21","article-title":"Adaptive functional changes in the swallowing pattern of the tongue following expansion of the maxillary dental arch in subjects with and without cleft palate","volume":"26","author":"Ohkiba\n              T,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ohkiba\n              T, \n            \n              Hanada\n              K. \n          \n          Adaptive functional changes in the swallowing pattern of the tongue following expansion of the maxillary dental arch in subjects with and without cleft palate. Cleft Palate J. 1989;26:21\u201330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b09","series-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol","first-page":"G1070","article-title":"Deglutitive movement of the tongue under local anesthesia","volume":"280","author":"Fujiki\n              T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fujiki\n              T, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K, \n            \n              Pereira Sinovcic\n              JN, \n            \n              Miyawaki\n              S, \n            \n              Yamashiro\n              T. \n          \n          Deglutitive movement of the tongue under local anesthesia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001;280:G1070\u20131075."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"284","article-title":"A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement and nasopharyngeal closure in patients with anterior open bite","volume":"70","author":"Fujiki\n              T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fujiki\n              T, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Noguchi\n              H, \n            \n              Yamashiro\n              T, \n            \n              Guan\n              G, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K. \n          \n          A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement and nasopharyngeal closure in patients with anterior open bite. Angle Orthod. 2000;70:284\u2013289."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"160","article-title":"Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite","volume":"125","author":"Fujiki\n              T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujiki\n              T, \n            \n              Inoue\n              M, \n            \n              Miyawaki\n              S, \n            \n              Nagasaki\n              T, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T. \n          \n          Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;125:160\u2013167."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b12","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"523","article-title":"Prolonged dysphagia after orthognathic surgery","volume":"54","author":"Nagler\n              RM,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nagler\n              RM, \n            \n              Peled\n              M, \n            \n              Laufer\n              D. \n          \n          Prolonged dysphagia after orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;54:523\u2013525."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"400","article-title":"Initial effects of the tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition: a Cine-Magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"76","author":"Sayin\n              MO,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sayin\n              MO, \n            \n              Akin\n              E, \n            \n              Kara\u00e7ay\n              S, \n            \n              Bulakba\u015fi\n              N. \n          \n          Initial effects of the tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition: a Cine-Magnetic resonance imaging study. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:400\u2013405."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b14","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"882","article-title":"Effects of tooth loss and denture wear on tongue-tip motion in elderly dentulous and edentulous people","volume":"35","author":"Yoshikawa\n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yoshikawa\n              M, \n            \n              Yoshida\n              M, \n            \n              Nagasaki\n              T, \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K, \n            \n              Tsuga\n              K, \n            \n              Akagawa\n              Y. \n          \n          Effects of tooth loss and denture wear on tongue-tip motion in elderly dentulous and edentulous people. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:882\u2013888."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b15","series-title":"Manual for the Videofluorographic Study of Swallowing. 2nd ed","first-page":"115","author":"Logemann\n              JA.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Logemann\n              JA. \n          \n          Manual for the Videofluorographic Study of Swallowing. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-ed; 1993:115."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b16","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"211","article-title":"B-mode ultrasound scanning of the tongue during swallowing","volume":"23","author":"Fuhrmann\n              RAW,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fuhrmann\n              RAW, \n            \n              Diedrich\n              PR. \n          \n          B-mode ultrasound scanning of the tongue during swallowing. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994;23:211\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b17","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"93","article-title":"Morphological studies for retrusive movement of the human adult tongue","volume":"17","author":"Saigusa\n              H,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saigusa\n              H, \n            \n              Yamashita\n              K, \n            \n              Tanuma\n              K, \n            \n              Saigusa\n              M, \n            \n              Niimi\n              S. \n          \n          Morphological studies for retrusive movement of the human adult tongue. Clin Anat. 2004;17:93\u201398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-591-b18","series-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol","first-page":"G1037","article-title":"Mechanism and timing of nasopharyngeal closure during swallowing and belching","volume":"268","author":"Dua\n              K,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dua\n              K, \n            \n              Shaker\n              R, \n            \n              Ren\n              J, \n            \n              Arndorfer\n              R, \n            \n              Hofmann\n              C. \n          \n          Mechanism and timing of nasopharyngeal closure during swallowing and belching. 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