{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:12:10Z","timestamp":1791529930552,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine if the skeletal form of individuals born with oral clefts was associated with maxillary position.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 90 individuals 8 to 12 years old born with or without cleft lip and palate paired by age and sex were used. Skull base length, cranial base angle, cranial deflection angle, and maxillary skeletal length and position were studied. Also, mandibular skeletal length and position, lower anterior facial height, and dental position were defined. Individuals were divided into three groups: 30 individuals born with cleft lip and palate with Class III malocclusion (UCLP Class III), 30 individuals born with cleft lip and palate with Class I malocclusion (UCLP Class I), and 30 individuals born without cleft lip and palate with Class III malocclusion (non-cleft Class III).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n When comparing the UCLP Class III group with the UCLP Class I group, there were differences in maxillary position (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and mandibular position (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .004) found. No differences were found when comparing the UCLP Class III group with the non-cleft Class III group\n .<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n There are intrinsic factors that affect craniofacial morphology of individuals born with cleft lip and palate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/060620-521.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T14:57:53Z","timestamp":1608649073000},"page":"243-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Retrognathic maxilla in individuals born with oral clefts is due to intrinsic factors and not only due to early surgical treatment"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Rosa Helena W.","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre R.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(1)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b01","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"Base of the skull morphology and Class III malocclusion in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"20","author":"Tinano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tinano\n MM,\n \n \n Martins\n MATS,\n \n \n Bendo\n CB,\n \n \n Mazzieiro\n E.\n \n \n Base of the skull morphology and Class III malocclusion in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.\n\t\t\t\t\tDent Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t20(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t79\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t84."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b02","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"92","article-title":"Orthodontics and genetics","volume":"24","author":"Vieira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vieira\n AR.\n \n \n Orthodontics and 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Surg","first-page":"518","article-title":"Characteristics of maxillary morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients compared to normal subjects and skeletal Class III patients","volume":"26","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang\n C,\n \n \n Yin\n N,\n \n \n Zheng\n Y,\n \n \n Song\n T.\n \n \n Characteristics of maxillary morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients compared to normal subjects and skeletal Class III patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Craniofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t26(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t518\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t523."},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b05","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e0130235","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of lower facial asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate and non-cleft patients with Class III skeletal relationship","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin\n Y,\n \n \n Chen\n G,\n \n \n Fu\n Z,\n \n \n Ma\n L,\n \n \n Li\n W.\n \n \n Cone-beam 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unilateral cleft lip and palate patients","volume":"30","author":"Capelozza","year":"1993","unstructured":"Capelozza\n L,\n Jr\n \n \n Taniguchi\n SM,\n \n \n Silva\n OG.\n Jr\n \n \n Craniofacial morphology of adult unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tCleft Palate Craniofac J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t30(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t376\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t381."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b08","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"601","article-title":"Long-term effects of clefts on craniofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"42","author":"Liao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liao\n YF,\n \n \n Mars\n M.\n \n \n Long-term effects of clefts on craniofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.\n\t\t\t\t\tCleft Palate Craniofac J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t601\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t609."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b09","series-title":"J Anatomy","first-page":"425","article-title":"Morphological variability in unrepaired bilateral clefts with and without cleft palate evaluated with geometric morphometrics","volume":"236","author":"Latif","year":"2020","unstructured":"Latif\n A,\n \n \n Kuijpers\n MAR,\n \n \n Rachwalski\n M,\n \n \n Latief\n BF,\n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM,\n \n \n Fudalej\n P.\n \n \n Morphological variability in unrepaired bilateral clefts with and without cleft palate evaluated with geometric morphometrics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Anatomy.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t236(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t425\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t433."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b10","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Intrinsic effects of congenital cleft palate on craniofacial morphology and growth characteristics in puberty","volume":"21","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iwasaki\n H,\n \n \n Kudo\n M,\n \n \n Yamamoto\n Y.\n \n \n Intrinsic effects of congenital cleft palate on 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treatment","volume":"27","author":"Caballero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caballero\n JT,\n \n \n Pucciarelli\n MGR,\n \n \n Pazmi\u00f1o\n VFC,\n \n et al.\n \n 3D comparison of dental arch stability in patients with and without cleft lip and palate after orthodontic\/rehabilitative treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Appl Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(13):\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b23","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"618","article-title":"Dentocraniofacial morphology of 21 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a cephalometric study","volume":"42","author":"Corbo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Corbo\n M,\n \n \n Dujardin\n T,\n \n \n de Maertelaer\n V,\n \n \n Malevez\n C,\n \n \n Glineur\n R.\n \n \n Dentocraniofacial morphology of 21 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a cephalometric study.\n\t\t\t\t\tCleft Palate Craniofac 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K,\n \n \n Harvey\n EM,\n \n \n Sciote\n J,\n \n \n Vieira\n AR.\n \n \n Genetic variation in Myosin 1H contributes to mandibular prognathism.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t141(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t51\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t59."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"700","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms underlying the skeletal Class III phenotype","volume":"151","author":"Cruz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cruz\n CA,\n \n \n Mattos\n ACT,\n \n \n Maia\n JC,\n \n et al.\n \n Genetic polymorphisms underlying the skeletal Class III phenotype.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t700\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t707."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i0003-3219-91-2-243-b30","series-title":"Dent Res J","first-page":"60","article-title":"Relationship between cephalometric cranial base and anterior-posterior features in an Iranian 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Oral Sci","first-page":"14","article-title":"The impact of cleft lip and palate repair on maxillofacial growth","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi\n B,\n \n \n Losee\n JE.\n \n \n The impact of cleft lip and palate repair on maxillofacial growth.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t14\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t17."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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