{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:23:11Z","timestamp":1780482191052,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To examine changes in hyoid to mandibular plane distance (H-MP) and tongue length (TL) between children who had orthodontic treatment with and without rapid maxillary expansion (RME).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Lateral and frontal cephalograms of 138 patients treated with RME and 148 controls treated without RME were used to measure pretreatment (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and posttreatment (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) intermolar (IM) distance, lateronasal width (LNW), H-MP, and TL. Medical histories were used to collect demographic information, history of mouth breathing, difficulty breathing through the nose, and previous adenotonsillectomy. Groups were group-matched for age and gender. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Group means were compared using <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests and chi-square statistics. Reliability was estimated using intraclass correlations and kappa statistics. Statistical significance was set at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>At T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, the RME group showed smaller LNW (24.83 \u00b1 1.99 vs 26.18 \u00b1 2.05) and IM (50.17 \u00b1 2.3 vs 51.58 \u00b1 2.83). The distance from H-MP was longer in the RME group (15.69 \u00b1 3.95 vs 13.86 \u00b1 3.4). Mean changes (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u2212 T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) in the RME group were increased LNW (+2.48 \u00b1 1.38 vs +0.94 \u00b1 1.11 for the non-RME group) and IM (+3.21 \u00b1 1.72 vs +0.98 \u00b1 1.67). The mean change (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u2212 T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) in H-MP for the RME group was \u22120.68 \u00b1 3.67 compared with +1.1 \u00b1 2.96 for the non-RME group. Mean changes for TL were not statistically significant. No significant differences were noted at T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> between groups for LNW, H-MP, or TL.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>In this sample, RME produced significant changes in H-MP, and TL was unaffected.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/060710-313.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T19:49:08Z","timestamp":1297280948000},"page":"632-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Changes in hyoid bone position following rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Austin","family":"Phoenix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Portland, Ore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Valiathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchitra","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingman P.","family":"Strohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Medicine, Anatomy, and Orthodontics; Director, Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Louis Stokes DVA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-81-4-632-b01","series-title":"Sleep","first-page":"501","article-title":"Oral appliances for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"18","author":"Schmidt-Nowara, W.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nowara, W., A.Lowe, L.Wiegand, R.Cartwright, F.Perez-Guerra, and S.Menn. 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An investigation into the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome and the vertical position of the hyoid bone.Surgeon2004. 2:145\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-4-632-b22","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"596","article-title":"Cephalometric assessment of snoring and nonsnoring children.","volume":"118","author":"Kulnis, R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kulnis, R., S.Nelson, K.Strohl, and M.Hans. Cephalometric assessment of snoring and nonsnoring children.Chest2000. 118:596\u2013603."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-4-632-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"332","article-title":"A serial growth study of the tongue and the intermaxillary space.","volume":"46","author":"Cohen, A. M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cohen, A. M. and P. S.Vig. A serial growth study of the tongue and the intermaxillary space.Angle Orthod1976. 46:332\u2013337."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/4\/article-p632.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/4\/article-p632.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/4\/article-p632.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:53:06Z","timestamp":1747356786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/4\/article-p632.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/060710-313.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}