{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:54:50Z","timestamp":1774583690663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To compare two clinically applied treatments to stimulate bone healing\u2014low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF)\u2014for their effects on RANKL and OPG expression in osteoblast-like cells in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>LIPUS or PEMF was applied to Saos-2 cells for 10 minutes or 3 hours. RANKL and OPG expressions were analyzed at 0, 4, 8, or 12 hours after treatment with real-time PCR. Secreted protein levels in culture supernatant were analyzed at the same posttreatment time points using specific ELISA assays.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Neither LIPUS nor PEMF had an effect on RANKL protein expression. OPG protein was significantly increased by LIPUS after 0 and 4 hours (brief short-term effect) and was increased almost 2.5-fold by PEMF after 8 hours. The mRNA levels of OPG and RANKL were hardly affected by LIPUS treatment at any time point. PEMF induced a fivefold increase in RANKL mRNA expression at <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a 0. A brief PEMF treatment of 10 minutes resulted in downregulation of RANKL expression after 0 and 4 hours and upregulation at 12 hours. OPG mRNA was downregulated after 8 hours.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The effects of LIPUS or PEMF expression on OPG and RANKL are limited. From our experiments, it seems that LIPUS treatment resulted in a quick protein response, while the response of cells to PEMF (3 hours) was delayed. The increase in OPG protein at 8 hours post PEMF treatment is indicative of reduction of osteolysis.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/060809-318.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T15:19:40Z","timestamp":1262704780000},"page":"498-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Comparison of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatments on OPG and RANKL Expression in Human Osteoblast-like Cells"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Manon A.","family":"Borsje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Willy","family":"de Haan-Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Kuijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-3-498-b01","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","first-page":"93","article-title":"Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing in a rabbit tibial osteotomy model.","volume":"14","author":"Fredericks, D. C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fredericks, D. C., J. V.Nepola, J. T.Baker, J.Abbott, and B.Simon. 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