{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:10:45Z","timestamp":1790356245442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To explore retainer protocols and how they are influenced by orthodontic presentation and the nature of occlusal correction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n A prepiloted 45-item online questionnaire targeting orthodontists was developed. The questionnaire covered clinical preferences in terms of retainer type, fabrication, and follow-up during retention; the clinical indications for adjunctive surgical procedures; and the use of active designs to mitigate relapse in specific malocclusions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 206 responses were obtained. The majority of the respondents prescribed maxillary removable and mandibular fixed retainers, with almost half (49.1%) reviewing patients for more than 1 year primarily in person (95.1%). The majority prescribed vacuum-formed (69.6%) 1-mm-thick (44.3%) retainers. Only 37.3% were aware of the type of material used, with polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer, followed by polypropylene, being the most common. Hawley retainers were preferred following nonsurgical maxillary expansion and with suboptimal interdigitation. A preference for clear retainers and\/or fixed retainers was found in open-bite cases and deep-bite cases. Supracrestal fiberotomy was prescribed commonly (61.1%) for rotations greater than 90\u00b0. No retainer was rarely prescribed except after the correction of an anterior crossbite.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Blanket prescription of orthodontic retention is common, with limited awareness of clear plastic retainer materials. Future trials evaluating the effectiveness of approaches for retainer prescription based on the presenting malocclusion would be timely.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/060923-400.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T16:22:32Z","timestamp":1702398152000},"page":"224-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Blanket or tailored prescription of retainers in orthodontics: a questionnaire-based study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Dalya","family":"Al-Moghrabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslam","family":"Alkadhimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Abu Arqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padhraig S.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b01","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"739","article-title":"The rationale for orthodontic retention: piecing together the jigsaw","volume":"230","author":"Millett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Millett\n D.\n \n \n The rationale for orthodontic retention: piecing together the jigsaw.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n739\u2013749."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"423","article-title":"An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention","volume":"93","author":"Little","year":"1988","unstructured":"Little\n RM,\n \n \n Riedel\n RA,\n \n \n Artun\n J.\n \n \n An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1988;\n93(5):\n423\u2013428."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b03","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"717","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment planning: can we plan for stability","volume":"230","author":"Fleming","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment planning: can we plan for stability? Br Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n717\u2013721."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"223","article-title":"Comparison of occlusal contacts with use of Hawley and clear overlay retainers","volume":"67","author":"Sauget","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sauget\n E,\n \n \n Covell\n DA\n Jr,\n \n \n Boero\n RP,\n \n \n Lieber\n WS.\n \n \n Comparison of occlusal contacts with use of Hawley and clear overlay retainers.\nAngle Orthod.\n1997;\n67(3):\n223\u2013230."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b05","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"731","article-title":"Retention: taking a more active role","volume":"230","author":"Torkan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torkan\n S,\n \n \n Firth\n F,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS,\n \n \n Kravitz\n ND,\n \n \n Farella\n M,\n \n \n Huang\n GJ.\n \n \n Retention: taking a more active role.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n731\u2013738."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effectiveness of adjuncts or alternatives to the use of orthodontic retainers in preserving posttreatment outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"163","author":"Al-Moghrabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Moghrabi\n D,\n \n \n Algharbi\n M,\n \n \n Arqub\n SA,\n \n \n Alkadhimi\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n The effectiveness of adjuncts or alternatives to the use of orthodontic retainers in preserving posttreatment outcomes: a systematic review.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2023;\n163(1):\n9\u201321.e3."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"496","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of orthodontic retention procedures","volume":"153","author":"Padmos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Padmos\n JA,\n \n \n Fudalej\n PS,\n \n \n Renkema\n AM.\n \n \n Epidemiologic study of orthodontic retention procedures.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153(4):\n496\u2013504."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"520","article-title":"Evaluation of retention protocols among members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States","volume":"140","author":"Pratt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pratt\n MC,\n \n \n Kluemper\n GT,\n \n \n Hartsfield\n JK\n Jr,\n \n \n Fardo\n D,\n \n \n Nash\n DA.\n \n \n Evaluation of retention protocols among members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2011;\n140(4):\n520\u2013526."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"170","article-title":"Results of a survey-based study to identify common retention practices in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Valiathan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valiathan\n M,\n \n \n Hughes\n E.\n \n \n Results of a survey-based study to identify common retention practices in the United States.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n137(2):\n170\u2013177."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b10","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"115","article-title":"Orthodontic retention patterns in the United Kingdom","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh\n P,\n \n \n Grammati\n S,\n \n \n Kirschen\n R.\n \n \n Orthodontic retention patterns in the United Kingdom.\nJ Orthod.\n2009;\n36(2):\n115\u2013121."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"51","article-title":"Retention decisions and protocols among orthodontists practicing in Canada: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"162","author":"Carneiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carneiro\n NCR,\n \n \n N\u00f3brega\n MTC,\n \n \n Meade\n MJ,\n \n \n Flores-Mir\n C.\n \n \n Retention decisions and protocols among orthodontists practicing in Canada: a cross-sectional survey.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n162(1):\n51\u201357."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b12","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"318","article-title":"Retention protocols and use of vacuum-formed retainers among specialist orthodontists","volume":"40","author":"Meade","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meade\n MJ,\n \n \n Millett\n D.\n \n \n Retention protocols and use of vacuum-formed retainers among specialist orthodontists.\nJ Orthod.\n2013;\n40(4):\n318\u2013325."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b13","series-title":"Australas Orthod J","first-page":"174","article-title":"A survey of retention and retainer practices of orthodontists in Australia","volume":"35","author":"Meade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meade\n MJ,\n \n \n Dreyer\n CW.\n \n \n A survey of retention and retainer practices of orthodontists in Australia.\nAustralas Orthod J.\n2019;\n35(2):\n174\u2013183."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b14","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"709","article-title":"Bonded orthodontic retention: a practical guide","volume":"230","author":"Kirschen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kirschen\n R,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Blazewska-Amin\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Bonded orthodontic retention: a practical guide.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n709\u2013716."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"364","article-title":"Understanding technology adoption by orthodontists: a quantitative study","volume":"161","author":"Jacox","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jacox\n LA,\n \n \n Bocklage\n C,\n \n \n Edwards\n T,\n \n \n Mihas\n P,\n \n \n Lin\n F-C,\n \n \n Ko\n C-C.\n \n \n Understanding technology adoption by orthodontists: a quantitative study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n161(3):\n364\u2013374."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"372","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction: Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers","volume":"29","author":"Hichens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hichens\n L,\n \n \n Rowland\n H,\n \n \n Williams\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction: Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers.\nEur J Orthod.\n2007;\n29(4):\n372\u2013378."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"531","article-title":"Survival analysis of orthodontic retainers","volume":"40","author":"Jin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jin\n C,\n \n \n Bennani\n F,\n \n \n Gray\n A,\n \n \n Farella\n M,\n \n \n Mei\n L.\n \n \n Survival analysis of orthodontic retainers.\nEur J Orthod.\n2018;\n40(5):\n531\u2013536."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b18","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study","volume":"46","author":"Al-Moghrabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Moghrabi\n D,\n \n \n Colonio Salazar\n FB,\n \n \n Johal\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study.\nJ Orthod.\n2019;\n46(3):\n212\u2013219."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"433","article-title":"Comparison of survival time and comfort between 2 clear overlay retainers with different thicknesses: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"151","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu\n Y,\n \n \n Lin\n J,\n \n \n Long\n H,\n \n et al.\n \n Comparison of survival time and comfort between 2 clear overlay retainers with different thicknesses: a pilot randomized controlled trial.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2017;\n151(3):\n433\u2013439."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b20","series-title":"Australas Orthod J","first-page":"74","article-title":"Comparative assessment of the survival, stability and occlusal settling between two types of thermoplastic retainers: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Cunning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cunning\n B,\n \n \n Sahhar\n A,\n \n \n Lawrence\n S,\n \n \n Manton\n D,\n \n \n Schneider\n P.\n \n \n Comparative assessment of the survival, stability and occlusal settling between two types of thermoplastic retainers: a prospective clinical trial.\nAustralas Orthod J.\n2022;\n38(1):\n74\u201387."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"202","article-title":"Unexpected complications associated with mandibular fixed retainers: a retrospective study","volume":"149","author":"Ku\u010dera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ku\u010dera\n J,\n \n \n Marek\n I.\n \n \n Unexpected complications associated with mandibular fixed retainers: a retrospective study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2016;\n149(2):\n202\u2013211."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"712","article-title":"An assessment of the impact of adhesive coverage and wire type on fixed retainer failures and force propagation along two types of orthodontic retainer wires: an in vitro study","volume":"93","author":"Selena","unstructured":"Selena\n H. M. Tee,\n \n \n Saroash\n Shahid,\n \n \n Dalya\n Al-Moghrabi,\n \n \n Padhraig\n S. Fleming\n \n ;\nAn assessment of the impact of adhesive coverage and wire type on fixed retainer failures and force propagation along two types of orthodontic retainer wires: an in vitro study.\nAngle Orthod1 November 2023; 93(6):\n712\u2013720. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/110722-765.1"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b23","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"65","article-title":"CAD\/CAM nitinol bonded retainer versus a chairside rectangular-chain bonded retainer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Jowett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jowett\n AC,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Hodge\n TM,\n \n \n Dhaliwal\n HK,\n \n \n Wu\n J.\n \n \n CAD\/CAM nitinol bonded retainer versus a chairside rectangular-chain bonded retainer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.\nJ Orthod.\n2023;\n50(1):\n65\u201368."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"309","article-title":"Attitudes, awareness, and barriers toward evidence-based practice in orthodontics","volume":"140","author":"Madhavji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Madhavji\n A,\n \n \n Araujo\n EA,\n \n \n Kim\n KB,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Attitudes, awareness, and barriers toward evidence-based practice in orthodontics.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2011;\n140(3):\n309\u2013316.e2."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b25","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"703","article-title":"Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications","volume":"230","author":"Ku\u010dera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ku\u010dera\n J,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Marek\n I.\n \n \n Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n703\u2013708."},{"issue":"(10)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b26","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Survival time comparison between Hawley and clear overlay retainers: a randomized trial","volume":"90","author":"Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun\n J,\n \n \n Yu\n Y,\n \n \n Liu\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n Survival time comparison between Hawley and clear overlay retainers: a randomized trial.\nJ Dent Res.\n2011;\n90(10):\n1197\u20131201."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b27","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"753","article-title":"Orthodontic retention and the role of the general dental practitioner","volume":"230","author":"Molyneaux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molyneaux\n C,\n \n \n Sandy\n JR,\n \n \n Ireland\n AJ.\n \n \n Orthodontic retention and the role of the general dental practitioner.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n753\u2013757."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b28","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"A two-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: a multi-center randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Ashari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashari\n A,\n \n \n Nik Mustapha\n NM,\n \n \n Yuen\n JJX,\n \n et al.\n \n A two-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: a multi-center randomized clinical trial.\nProg Orthod.\n2022;\n23(1):\n40."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b29","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"8810641","article-title":"Retention protocols and factors affecting retainer choice among Iraqi orthodontists","volume":"2020","author":"Abid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abid\n MF,\n \n \n Al-Attar\n AM,\n \n \n Alhuwaizi\n AF.\n \n \n Retention protocols and factors affecting retainer choice among Iraqi orthodontists.\nInt J Dent.\n2020;\n2020:8810641."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b30","series-title":"Turk J Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"Survey on retention protocols among Turkish orthodontists","volume":"29","author":"Pa\u015fao\u011flu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pa\u015fao\u011flu\n A,\n \n \n Aras\n I,\n \n \n Mert\n A,\n \n \n Aras\n A.\n \n \n Survey on retention protocols among Turkish orthodontists.\nTurk J Orthod.\n2016;\n29(3):\n51\u201358."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b31","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"451","article-title":"Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment","volume":"162","author":"Talens-Cogollos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talens-Cogollos\n L,\n \n \n Vela-Hern\u00e1ndez\n A,\n \n \n Peir\u00f3-Guijarro\n MA,\n \n et al.\n \n Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n162(4):\n451\u2013458."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b32","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"27","article-title":"Anterior openbite malocclusion in adults: treatment stability and patient satisfaction in National Dental Practice-Based Research Network patients","volume":"92","author":"Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu\n D,\n \n \n Leroux\n B,\n \n \n Finkleman\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Anterior openbite malocclusion in adults: treatment stability and patient satisfaction in National Dental Practice-Based Research Network patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92(1):\n27\u201335."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b01","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"739","article-title":"The rationale for orthodontic retention: piecing together the jigsaw","volume":"230","author":"Millett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Millett\n D.\n \n \n The rationale for orthodontic retention: piecing together the jigsaw.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n739\u2013749."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"423","article-title":"An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention","volume":"93","author":"Little","year":"1988","unstructured":"Little\n RM,\n \n \n Riedel\n RA,\n \n \n Artun\n J.\n \n \n An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1988;\n93(5):\n423\u2013428."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b03","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"717","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment planning: can we plan for stability","volume":"230","author":"Fleming","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment planning: can we plan for stability? Br Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n717\u2013721."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"223","article-title":"Comparison of occlusal contacts with use of Hawley and clear overlay retainers","volume":"67","author":"Sauget","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sauget\n E,\n \n \n Covell\n DA\n Jr,\n \n \n Boero\n RP,\n \n \n Lieber\n WS.\n \n \n Comparison of occlusal contacts with use of Hawley and clear overlay retainers.\nAngle Orthod.\n1997;\n67(3):\n223\u2013230."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b05","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"731","article-title":"Retention: taking a more active role","volume":"230","author":"Torkan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torkan\n S,\n \n \n Firth\n F,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS,\n \n \n Kravitz\n ND,\n \n \n Farella\n M,\n \n \n Huang\n GJ.\n \n \n Retention: taking a more active role.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n731\u2013738."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effectiveness of adjuncts or alternatives to the use of orthodontic retainers in preserving posttreatment outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"163","author":"Al-Moghrabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Moghrabi\n D,\n \n \n Algharbi\n M,\n \n \n Arqub\n SA,\n \n \n Alkadhimi\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n The effectiveness of adjuncts or alternatives to the use of orthodontic retainers in preserving posttreatment outcomes: a systematic review.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2023;\n163(1):\n9\u201321.e3."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"496","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of orthodontic retention procedures","volume":"153","author":"Padmos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Padmos\n JA,\n \n \n Fudalej\n PS,\n \n \n Renkema\n AM.\n \n \n Epidemiologic study of orthodontic retention procedures.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153(4):\n496\u2013504."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"520","article-title":"Evaluation of retention protocols among members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States","volume":"140","author":"Pratt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pratt\n MC,\n \n \n Kluemper\n GT,\n \n \n Hartsfield\n JK\n Jr,\n \n \n Fardo\n D,\n \n \n Nash\n DA.\n \n \n Evaluation of retention protocols among members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2011;\n140(4):\n520\u2013526."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"170","article-title":"Results of a survey-based study to identify common retention practices in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Valiathan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valiathan\n M,\n \n \n Hughes\n E.\n \n \n Results of a survey-based study to identify common retention practices in the United States.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n137(2):\n170\u2013177."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b10","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"115","article-title":"Orthodontic retention patterns in the United Kingdom","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh\n P,\n \n \n Grammati\n S,\n \n \n Kirschen\n R.\n \n \n Orthodontic retention patterns in the United Kingdom.\nJ Orthod.\n2009;\n36(2):\n115\u2013121."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"51","article-title":"Retention decisions and protocols among orthodontists practicing in Canada: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"162","author":"Carneiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carneiro\n NCR,\n \n \n N\u00f3brega\n MTC,\n \n \n Meade\n MJ,\n \n \n Flores-Mir\n C.\n \n \n Retention decisions and protocols among orthodontists practicing in Canada: a cross-sectional survey.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n162(1):\n51\u201357."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b12","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"318","article-title":"Retention protocols and use of vacuum-formed retainers among specialist orthodontists","volume":"40","author":"Meade","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meade\n MJ,\n \n \n Millett\n D.\n \n \n Retention protocols and use of vacuum-formed retainers among specialist orthodontists.\nJ Orthod.\n2013;\n40(4):\n318\u2013325."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b13","series-title":"Australas Orthod J","first-page":"174","article-title":"A survey of retention and retainer practices of orthodontists in Australia","volume":"35","author":"Meade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meade\n MJ,\n \n \n Dreyer\n CW.\n \n \n A survey of retention and retainer practices of orthodontists in Australia.\nAustralas Orthod J.\n2019;\n35(2):\n174\u2013183."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b14","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"709","article-title":"Bonded orthodontic retention: a practical guide","volume":"230","author":"Kirschen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kirschen\n R,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Blazewska-Amin\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Bonded orthodontic retention: a practical guide.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n709\u2013716."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"364","article-title":"Understanding technology adoption by orthodontists: a quantitative study","volume":"161","author":"Jacox","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jacox\n LA,\n \n \n Bocklage\n C,\n \n \n Edwards\n T,\n \n \n Mihas\n P,\n \n \n Lin\n F-C,\n \n \n Ko\n C-C.\n \n \n Understanding technology adoption by orthodontists: a quantitative study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n161(3):\n364\u2013374."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"372","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction: Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers","volume":"29","author":"Hichens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hichens\n L,\n \n \n Rowland\n H,\n \n \n Williams\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction: Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers.\nEur J Orthod.\n2007;\n29(4):\n372\u2013378."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"531","article-title":"Survival analysis of orthodontic retainers","volume":"40","author":"Jin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jin\n C,\n \n \n Bennani\n F,\n \n \n Gray\n A,\n \n \n Farella\n M,\n \n \n Mei\n L.\n \n \n Survival analysis of orthodontic retainers.\nEur J Orthod.\n2018;\n40(5):\n531\u2013536."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b18","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study","volume":"46","author":"Al-Moghrabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Moghrabi\n D,\n \n \n Colonio Salazar\n FB,\n \n \n Johal\n A,\n \n \n Fleming\n PS.\n \n \n Factors influencing adherence to vacuum-formed retainer wear: a qualitative study.\nJ Orthod.\n2019;\n46(3):\n212\u2013219."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"433","article-title":"Comparison of survival time and comfort between 2 clear overlay retainers with different thicknesses: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"151","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu\n Y,\n \n \n Lin\n J,\n \n \n Long\n H,\n \n et al.\n \n Comparison of survival time and comfort between 2 clear overlay retainers with different thicknesses: a pilot randomized controlled trial.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2017;\n151(3):\n433\u2013439."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b20","series-title":"Australas Orthod J","first-page":"74","article-title":"Comparative assessment of the survival, stability and occlusal settling between two types of thermoplastic retainers: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Cunning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cunning\n B,\n \n \n Sahhar\n A,\n \n \n Lawrence\n S,\n \n \n Manton\n D,\n \n \n Schneider\n P.\n \n \n Comparative assessment of the survival, stability and occlusal settling between two types of thermoplastic retainers: a prospective clinical trial.\nAustralas Orthod J.\n2022;\n38(1):\n74\u201387."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"202","article-title":"Unexpected complications associated with mandibular fixed retainers: a retrospective study","volume":"149","author":"Ku\u010dera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ku\u010dera\n J,\n \n \n Marek\n I.\n \n \n Unexpected complications associated with mandibular fixed retainers: a retrospective study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2016;\n149(2):\n202\u2013211."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"712","article-title":"An assessment of the impact of adhesive coverage and wire type on fixed retainer failures and force propagation along two types of orthodontic retainer wires: an in vitro study","volume":"93","author":"Selena","unstructured":"Selena\n H. M. Tee,\n \n \n Saroash\n Shahid,\n \n \n Dalya\n Al-Moghrabi,\n \n \n Padhraig\n S. Fleming\n \n ;\nAn assessment of the impact of adhesive coverage and wire type on fixed retainer failures and force propagation along two types of orthodontic retainer wires: an in vitro study.\nAngle Orthod1 November 2023; 93(6):\n712\u2013720. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/110722-765.1"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b23","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"65","article-title":"CAD\/CAM nitinol bonded retainer versus a chairside rectangular-chain bonded retainer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Jowett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jowett\n AC,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Hodge\n TM,\n \n \n Dhaliwal\n HK,\n \n \n Wu\n J.\n \n \n CAD\/CAM nitinol bonded retainer versus a chairside rectangular-chain bonded retainer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.\nJ Orthod.\n2023;\n50(1):\n65\u201368."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"309","article-title":"Attitudes, awareness, and barriers toward evidence-based practice in orthodontics","volume":"140","author":"Madhavji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Madhavji\n A,\n \n \n Araujo\n EA,\n \n \n Kim\n KB,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Attitudes, awareness, and barriers toward evidence-based practice in orthodontics.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2011;\n140(3):\n309\u2013316.e2."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b25","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"703","article-title":"Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications","volume":"230","author":"Ku\u010dera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ku\u010dera\n J,\n \n \n Littlewood\n SJ,\n \n \n Marek\n I.\n \n \n Fixed retention: pitfalls and complications.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n703\u2013708."},{"issue":"(10)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b26","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Survival time comparison between Hawley and clear overlay retainers: a randomized trial","volume":"90","author":"Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun\n J,\n \n \n Yu\n Y,\n \n \n Liu\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n Survival time comparison between Hawley and clear overlay retainers: a randomized trial.\nJ Dent Res.\n2011;\n90(10):\n1197\u20131201."},{"issue":"(11)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b27","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"753","article-title":"Orthodontic retention and the role of the general dental practitioner","volume":"230","author":"Molyneaux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molyneaux\n C,\n \n \n Sandy\n JR,\n \n \n Ireland\n AJ.\n \n \n Orthodontic retention and the role of the general dental practitioner.\nBr Dent J.\n2021;\n230(11):\n753\u2013757."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b28","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"A two-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: a multi-center randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Ashari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashari\n A,\n \n \n Nik Mustapha\n NM,\n \n \n Yuen\n JJX,\n \n et al.\n \n A two-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: a multi-center randomized clinical trial.\nProg Orthod.\n2022;\n23(1):\n40."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b29","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"8810641","article-title":"Retention protocols and factors affecting retainer choice among Iraqi orthodontists","volume":"2020","author":"Abid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abid\n MF,\n \n \n Al-Attar\n AM,\n \n \n Alhuwaizi\n AF.\n \n \n Retention protocols and factors affecting retainer choice among Iraqi orthodontists.\nInt J Dent.\n2020;\n2020:8810641."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b30","series-title":"Turk J Orthod","first-page":"51","article-title":"Survey on retention protocols among Turkish orthodontists","volume":"29","author":"Pa\u015fao\u011flu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pa\u015fao\u011flu\n A,\n \n \n Aras\n I,\n \n \n Mert\n A,\n \n \n Aras\n A.\n \n \n Survey on retention protocols among Turkish orthodontists.\nTurk J Orthod.\n2016;\n29(3):\n51\u201358."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b31","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"451","article-title":"Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment","volume":"162","author":"Talens-Cogollos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talens-Cogollos\n L,\n \n \n Vela-Hern\u00e1ndez\n A,\n \n \n Peir\u00f3-Guijarro\n MA,\n \n et al.\n \n Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n162(4):\n451\u2013458."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-224-b32","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"27","article-title":"Anterior openbite malocclusion in adults: treatment stability and patient satisfaction in National Dental Practice-Based Research Network patients","volume":"92","author":"Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu\n D,\n \n \n Leroux\n B,\n \n \n Finkleman\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Anterior openbite malocclusion in adults: treatment stability and patient satisfaction in National Dental Practice-Based Research Network patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92(1):\n27\u201335."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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