{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:38:49Z","timestamp":1792024729830,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate systematically the effectiveness of miniscrew-supported maxillary incisor intrusion compared with other nonsurgical intrusive mechanics for deep-bite correction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Unrestricted electronic searches in Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, LILACS, and Cochrane's CENTRAL as well as manual searches were conducted up to August 2019. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. Study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment were done by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used, and the quality of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach. A random-effects meta-analysis of continuous data, with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was used.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Seven RCTs were included in the quantitative synthesis, and the overall quality of evidence was very low to low. When compared with intrusion arches, miniscrews resulted in a more efficient deep-bite reduction with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of \u22120.48 (95% CI, \u22120.89 to \u22120.07). When miniscrews were used, a statistically significant difference was observed favoring less maxillary molar extrusion (SMD, \u22120.86; 95% CI, \u22121.46 to \u22120.27) and more incisor intrusion as measured from centroid to palatal plane (SMD, \u22120.95; 95% CI, \u22121.41 to \u22120.49). Results also showed a statistically nonsignificant difference regarding the amount of resultant root resorption between miniscrews and intrusion arches.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n There is weak evidence indicating efficient deep-bite correction using miniscrews. Root resorption seems to be an associated adverse effect that occurs regardless of the intrusive mechanics used. These conclusions should be viewed with great caution as further well-designed long-term research is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/061119-400.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T17:13:24Z","timestamp":1575911604000},"page":"291-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Effectiveness of miniscrew-supported maxillary incisor intrusion in deep-bite correction: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Rami","family":"Sosly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honorary Fellow, Edinburgh Dental Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mumen Z","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eias","family":"Jamous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad G.","family":"Qaisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Bearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment","volume":"61","author":"Nielsen \n IL.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen \n IL. \n \n \n Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. Angle Orthod. 1991;61:247\u2013260."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b02","series-title":"Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section)","first-page":"69","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of intrusive effects of miniscrew, Connecticut intrusion arch, and utility intrusion arch\u2014an in vivo study","volume":"29","author":"Kaushik \n A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaushik \n A, \n \n \n Sidhu \n M, \n \n \n Grover \n S, \n \n \n Kumar \n S. \n \n \n Comparative evaluation of intrusive effects of miniscrew, Connecticut intrusion arch, and utility intrusion arch\u2014an in vivo study. Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section). 2015;29:69\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b03","series-title":"Adv Hum Biol","first-page":"49","article-title":"Comparison of intrusive effects of mini screws and Burrstone intrusive arch: a radiographic study","volume":"5","author":"Raj \n A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raj \n A, \n \n \n Acharya \n SS, \n \n \n Mohanty \n P, \n \n et al. \n Comparison of intrusive effects of mini screws and Burrstone intrusive arch: a radiographic study. Adv Hum Biol. 2015;5:49\u201355."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"654","article-title":"Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear","volume":"133","author":"Deguchi \n T,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deguchi \n T, \n \n \n Murakami \n T, \n \n \n Kuroda \n S, \n \n \n Yabuuchi \n T, \n \n \n Kamioka \n H, \n \n \n Takano-Yamamoto \n T. \n \n \n Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:654\u2013660."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b05","series-title":"Contemporary orthodontics e-book","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"2018","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n \n Sarver \n DM. \n \n \n Contemporary orthodontics e-book. Philadelphia, Penn: Elsevier Health Sciences;2018."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b06","series-title":"Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics","author":"Nanda \n R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nanda \n R. \n \n \n Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics. Philadelphia, Penn: Elsevier Health Sciences;2015."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep overbite correction by intrusion","volume":"72","author":"Burstone \n CR.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Burstone \n CR. \n \n \n Deep overbite correction by intrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1977;72:1\u201322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b08","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"36","article-title":"Role of anatomical sites and correlated risk factors on the survival of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Mohammed \n H,","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohammed \n H, \n \n \n Wafaie \n K, \n \n \n Rizk \n MZ, \n \n \n Almuzian \n M, \n \n \n Sosly \n R, \n \n \n Bearn \n DR. \n \n \n Role of anatomical sites and correlated risk factors on the survival of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Orthod. 2018;19:36."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b09","series-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res","first-page":"186","article-title":"A comparative study of different intrusion methods and their effect on maxillary incisors","volume":"4","author":"Goel \n P,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goel \n P, \n \n \n Tandon \n R, \n \n \n Agrawal, \n KK. \n \n \n A comparative study of different intrusion methods and their effect on maxillary incisors. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2014;4:186\u2013191."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Papageorgiou \n SN,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papageorgiou \n SN, \n \n \n Zogakis \n IP, \n \n \n Papadopoulos \n MA. \n \n \n Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a meta-analysis. 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Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:264\u2013269."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b13","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne \n JAC,","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne \n JAC, \n \n \n Savovi\u0107 \n J, \n \n \n Page \n MJ, \n \n et al. \n RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b14","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e010247","article-title":"Plea for routinely presenting prediction intervals in meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"IntHout \n J,","year":"2016","unstructured":"IntHout \n J, \n \n \n Ioannidis \n JP, \n \n \n Rovers \n MM, \n \n \n Goeman \n JJ. \n \n \n Plea for routinely presenting prediction intervals in meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e010247."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b15","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger \n M,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger \n M, \n \n \n Smith \n GD, \n \n \n Schneider \n M, \n \n \n Minder \n C. \n \n \n Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629\u2013634."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b16","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"924","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt \n GH,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt \n GH, \n \n \n Oxman \n AD, \n \n \n Vist \n GE, \n \n et al. \n GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924\u2013926."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b17","series-title":"Int J Orthod Rehabil","first-page":"129","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of bite opening by temporary anchorage devices and Connecticut intrusion arch: an in vivo study","volume":"8","author":"Gupta \n N,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta \n N, \n \n \n Tripathi \n T, \n \n \n Rai \n P, \n \n \n Kanase \n A. \n \n \n A comparative evaluation of bite opening by temporary anchorage devices and Connecticut intrusion arch: an in vivo study. Int J Orthod Rehabil. 2017;8:129\u2013135."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b18","series-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri. Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi","first-page":"195","article-title":"Comparison of the treatment effects of two intrusive mechanics: Connecticut intrusion arch and mini-implant","volume":"22","author":"G\u00fcrlen \n S\u00d6,","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00fcrlen \n S\u00d6, \n \n \n Aras \n I. \n \n \n Comparison of the treatment effects of two intrusive mechanics: Connecticut intrusion arch and mini-implant. Turkiye Klinikleri. Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;22:195\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b19","series-title":"J Clin Diagn Res","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparison of intrusion effects on maxillary incisors among mini implant anchorage, J-hook headgear and utility arch","volume":"8","author":"Jain \n RK,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain \n RK, \n \n \n Kumar \n SP, \n \n \n Manjula \n WS. \n \n \n Comparison of intrusion effects on maxillary incisors among mini implant anchorage, J-hook headgear and utility arch. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:21\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b20","series-title":"Cumhuriyet Dental Journal","first-page":"113","article-title":"Farkl\u0131 Kesici \u0130ntr\u00fczyon Mekaniklerinin Daimi \u00dcst Birinci Molar Di\u015flere Etkilerinin \u00dc\u00e7 Boyutlu Olarak De\u011ferlendirilmesi","volume":"20","author":"Kahraman \n F,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kahraman \n F, \n \n \n Kilic \n N, \n \n \n Dagsuyu \n \u0130M. \n \n \n Farkl\u0131 Kesici \u0130ntr\u00fczyon Mekaniklerinin Daimi \u00dcst Birinci Molar Di\u015flere Etkilerinin \u00dc\u00e7 Boyutlu Olarak De\u011ferlendirilmesi. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2017;20:113\u2013121."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b21","article-title":"Derin \u00d6rt\u00fcl\u00fc Kapan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Olgularda \u00dcst Keser Intr\u00fczyonunun Konik I\u015f\u0131nl\u0131 Bilgisayarl\u0131 Tomografi ile \u0130ncelenmesi","author":"Karag\u00f6z \n A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karag\u00f6z \n A. \n \n \n Derin \u00d6rt\u00fcl\u00fc Kapan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Olgularda \u00dcst Keser Intr\u00fczyonunun Konik I\u015f\u0131nl\u0131 Bilgisayarl\u0131 Tomografi ile \u0130ncelenmesi. 2013. Available at: openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr. Accessed August 1, 2019."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b22","series-title":"Med J Armed Forces India","first-page":"65","article-title":"Rate of intrusion of maxillary incisors in Class II Div 1 malocclusion using skeletal anchorage device and Connecticut intrusion arch","volume":"73","author":"Kumar \n P,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar \n P, \n \n \n Datana \n S, \n \n \n Londhe \n SM, \n \n \n Kadu \n A. \n \n \n Rate of intrusion of maxillary incisors in Class II Div 1 malocclusion using skeletal anchorage device and Connecticut intrusion arch. Med J Armed Forces India. 2017;73:65\u201373."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"723","article-title":"Treatment effects of intrusion arches and mini-implant systems in deepbite patients","volume":"141","author":"\u015een\u0131\u015f\u0131k \n NE,","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u015een\u0131\u015f\u0131k \n NE, \n \n \n T\u00fcrkkahraman \n H. \n \n \n Treatment effects of intrusion arches and mini-implant systems in deepbite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:723\u2013733."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"767","article-title":"Effects of mandibular incisor intrusion obtained using a conventional utility arch vs bone anchorage","volume":"81","author":"Aydo\u011fdu \n E,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aydo\u011fdu \n E, \n \n \n \u00d6zsoy \n \u00d6. \n \n \n Effects of mandibular incisor intrusion obtained using a conventional utility arch vs bone anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:767\u2013775."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b25","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"165","article-title":"Anatomical guidelines for miniscrew insertion: vestibular interradicular sites","volume":"45","author":"Ludwig \n B,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ludwig \n B, \n \n \n Glasl \n B, \n \n \n Kinzinger \n GS, \n \n \n Lietz \n T, \n \n \n Lisson \n JA. \n \n \n Anatomical guidelines for miniscrew insertion: vestibular interradicular sites. J Clin Orthod. 2011;45:165\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b26","series-title":"Int J Orthod Rehabil","first-page":"129","article-title":"Neha. A comparative evaluation of bite opening by temporary anchorage devices and Connecticut intrusion arch: an in vivo study","volume":"8","author":"Tripathi \n T,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tripathi \n T, \n \n \n Gupta \n N, \n \n \n Rai \n P, \n \n \n Kanase \n A, \n \n \n Neha. A comparative evaluation of bite opening by temporary anchorage devices and Connecticut intrusion arch: an in vivo study. Int J Orthod Rehabil. 2017;8:129\u2013135."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"676","article-title":"Correction of deep overbite and gummy smile by using a miniimplant with a segmented wire in a growing Class II Division 2 patient","volume":"130","author":"Kim \n T,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim \n T, \n \n \n Kim \n H, \n \n \n Lee \n S. \n \n \n Correction of deep overbite and gummy smile by using a miniimplant with a segmented wire in a growing Class II Division 2 patient. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:676\u2013685."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b28","series-title":"Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society","first-page":"9","article-title":"Comparison of skeletodental changes occurring during deep overbite correction with mini-implant anchorage system and the utility arches reinforced by a transpalatal arch","volume":"46","author":"Nayak \n U,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nayak \n U, \n \n \n Goyal \n V, \n \n \n Godhrawala \n F, \n \n \n Saxena \n R. \n \n \n Comparison of skeletodental changes occurring during deep overbite correction with mini-implant anchorage system and the utility arches reinforced by a transpalatal arch. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2011;46:9\u201314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"18","article-title":"Patients' and orthodontists' perceptions of miniplates used for temporary skeletal anchorage: a prospective study","volume":"133","author":"Cornelis \n MA,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cornelis \n MA, \n \n \n Scheffler \n NR, \n \n \n Nyssen-Behets \n C, \n \n \n De Clerck \n HJ, \n \n \n Tulloch \n JC. \n \n \n Patients' and orthodontists' perceptions of miniplates used for temporary skeletal anchorage: a prospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:18\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment","volume":"61","author":"Nielsen \n IL.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen \n IL. \n \n \n Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. 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Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section). 2015;29:69\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b03","series-title":"Adv Hum Biol","first-page":"49","article-title":"Comparison of intrusive effects of mini screws and Burrstone intrusive arch: a radiographic study","volume":"5","author":"Raj \n A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raj \n A, \n \n \n Acharya \n SS, \n \n \n Mohanty \n P, \n \n et al. \n Comparison of intrusive effects of mini screws and Burrstone intrusive arch: a radiographic study. Adv Hum Biol. 2015;5:49\u201355."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"654","article-title":"Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear","volume":"133","author":"Deguchi \n T,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deguchi \n T, \n \n \n Murakami \n T, \n \n \n Kuroda \n S, \n \n \n Yabuuchi \n T, \n \n \n Kamioka \n H, \n \n \n Takano-Yamamoto \n T. \n \n \n Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:654\u2013660."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b05","series-title":"Contemporary orthodontics e-book","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"2018","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n \n Sarver \n DM. \n \n \n Contemporary orthodontics e-book. Philadelphia, Penn: Elsevier Health Sciences;2018."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b06","series-title":"Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics","author":"Nanda \n R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nanda \n R. \n \n \n Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics. Philadelphia, Penn: Elsevier Health Sciences;2015."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep overbite correction by intrusion","volume":"72","author":"Burstone \n CR.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Burstone \n CR. \n \n \n Deep overbite correction by intrusion. 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Prog Orthod. 2018;19:36."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b09","series-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res","first-page":"186","article-title":"A comparative study of different intrusion methods and their effect on maxillary incisors","volume":"4","author":"Goel \n P,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goel \n P, \n \n \n Tandon \n R, \n \n \n Agrawal, \n KK. \n \n \n A comparative study of different intrusion methods and their effect on maxillary incisors. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2014;4:186\u2013191."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Papageorgiou \n SN,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papageorgiou \n SN, \n \n \n Zogakis \n IP, \n \n \n Papadopoulos \n MA. \n \n \n Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:577\u2013595."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b11","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. version 5.1.0","author":"Higgins \n J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins \n J, \n \n \n Green \n S. \n \n \n Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. version 5.1.0. London, UK: The Cochrane Collaboration;2011."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-2-291-b12","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"264","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher \n D,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher \n D, \n \n \n Liberati \n A, \n \n \n Tetzlaff \n J, \n \n \n Altman \n DG. \n \n \n Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement. 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