{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:18:37Z","timestamp":1789823917786,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To investigate (1) whether vertical eruption of impacted third molars improves after mesialization of second molars and (2) what factors affect the vertical eruption of impacted third molars when space caused by missing molars is successfully closed by mesialization of the second molar using miniscrews.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n The treatment group (Group 1) included 52 patients who had (1) missing mandibular first molars (ML-6) or missing deciduous mandibular second molars (ML-E), (2) initially impacted mandibular third molars, and (3) successful space closure of the edentulous area with orthodontics. Panoramic radiographs at start of treatment (T1) and at time of space closure (T2) were collected. The control group (Group 2) included 46 nonedentulous patients with impacted mandibular third molars without molar protraction treatment. Panoramic radiographs with similar T1\/T2 treatment times were selected. Nine measurements were obtained regarding horizontal available space, vertical eruption, and third molar angulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Third molars erupted vertically an average of 2.54 mm in Group 1 compared with 0.41 mm in Group 2. Age, gender, Nolla stage, and angle of the third molars did not show significant correlations with the vertical change of the impacted third molars, whereas the depth of third molar impaction and available space showed significant correlations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Impacted mandibular third molars vertically erupt as a result of uprighting with mesialization of the second molar, and vertical eruption is affected by the initial vertical location of impacted third molars and available space.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/061415-399.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T13:03:11Z","timestamp":1444136591000},"page":"565-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Vertical eruption patterns of impacted mandibular third molars after the mesialization of second molars using miniscrews"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Un-Bong","family":"Baik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Ah","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bayome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea."},{"name":"Visiting Professor, Department of Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Auton\u00f3ma del Paraguay, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je-Uk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Ariz."},{"name":"Adjunct Professor, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"575","article-title":"Miniscrew anchorage to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"37","author":"Kyung\n SH,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyung\n SH, \n \n Choi\n JH, \n \n Park\n YC. \n \n Miniscrew anchorage to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites. J Clin Orthod. 2003;37:575\u2013579."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Titanum screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction site","volume":"134","author":"Nararaj\n K,","unstructured":"Nararaj\n K, \n \n Upadhyay\n M, \n \n Yadav\n S. \n \n Titanum screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction site. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:583\u2013591."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"351","article-title":"Mandibular molar protraction with temporary anchorage devices","volume":"42","author":"Kravitz\n ND,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kravitz\n ND, \n \n Jolley\n T. \n \n Mandibular molar protraction with temporary anchorage devices. J Clin Orthod. 2008;42:351\u2013355."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"783","article-title":"Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing","volume":"141","author":"Baik\n UB,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baik\n UB, \n \n Chun\n YS, \n \n Jung\n MH, \n \n Sugawara\n J. \n \n Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:783\u2013795."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Molar Protraction: Orthodontic Substitution of Missing Posterior Teeth","first-page":"168","author":"Baik\n UB,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baik\n UB, \n \n Park\n JH. \n \n Molar Protraction: Orthodontic Substitution of Missing Posterior Teeth. Charleston, SC; 2013:168\u2013222."},{"key":"r6","first-page":"119","article-title":"Molar protraction: orthodontic substitution of missing posterior teeth","author":"Baik\n UB.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baik\n UB. \n \n Molar protraction: orthodontic substitution of missing posterior teeth. InKimKB, ed. Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices: A Guide to Design and Evidence-Based Solution. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2014:119\u2013160."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"226","article-title":"Eruption of third permanent molars after the extraction of second permanent molars. Part 1: assessment of third molar position and size","volume":"119","author":"Orton-Gibbs\n S,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Orton-Gibbs\n S, \n \n Crow\n V, \n \n Orton\n HS. \n \n Eruption of third permanent molars after the extraction of second permanent molars. Part 1: assessment of third molar position and size. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:226\u2013238."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"Spontaneous third molar eruption after second molar extraction in orthodontic patients","volume":"129","author":"De-la-Rossa-Gay\n C,","year":"2006","unstructured":"De-la-Rossa-Gay\n C, \n \n Valmaseda-Castellon\n E, \n \n Gay-Escoda\n C. \n \n Spontaneous third molar eruption after second molar extraction in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:337\u2013344."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"346","article-title":"Predictive model of third molar eruption after second molar extraction","volume":"137","author":"De-la-Rosa-Gay\n C,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De-la-Rosa-Gay\n C, \n \n Valmaseda-Castell\u00f3n\n E, \n \n Gay-Escoda\n C. \n \n Predictive model of third molar eruption after second molar extraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:346\u2013353."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"719","article-title":"The effects of first premolar extractions on third molar angulations","volume":"75","author":"Saysel\n MY,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saysel\n MY, \n \n Meral\n GD, \n \n Kocadereli\n I, \n \n Ta\u015far\n F. \n \n The effects of first premolar extractions on third molar angulations. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:719\u2013722."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"572","article-title":"Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults","volume":"83","author":"T\u00fcrk\u00f6z\n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"T\u00fcrk\u00f6z\n C, \n \n Ulusoy\n C. \n \n Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:572\u2013577."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"138","article-title":"Prevalence of third molar impaction in orthodontic patients treated nonextraction and with extraction of 4 premolars","volume":"123","author":"Kim\n TW.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim\n TW. \n \n Prevalence of third molar impaction in orthodontic patients treated nonextraction and with extraction of 4 premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:138\u2013145."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"634","article-title":"Effects of early loss of permanent first molars on the development of third molars","volume":"130","author":"Yavuz\n I,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yavuz\n I, \n \n Bayda\u015f\n B, \n \n Ikbal\n A, \n \n Da\u011fsuyu\n IM, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Effects of early loss of permanent first molars on the development of third molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:634\u2013638."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"36","article-title":"Changes in mandibular third molar angle and position after unilateral mandibular first molar extraction","volume":"129","author":"Ay\n S,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ay\n S, \n \n Agar\n U, \n \n Bi\u00e7ak\u00e7i\n AA, \n \n K\u00f6\u015fger\n HH. \n \n Changes in mandibular third molar angle and position after unilateral mandibular first molar extraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:36\u201341."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Jap J Orthod","first-page":"517","article-title":"A study on growth timing of mandibular length, body height, hand bones and cervical vertebrae during puberty","volume":"46","author":"Sato\n K.","unstructured":"Sato\n K. \n \n A study on growth timing of mandibular length, body height, hand bones and cervical vertebrae during puberty. Jap J Orthod. 1987;46:517\u2013533."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"J Dent Child","first-page":"254","article-title":"The development of the permanent teeth","volume":"27","author":"Nolla\n CM.","unstructured":"Nolla\n CM. \n \n The development of the permanent teeth. J Dent Child. 1960;27:254\u2013256."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings","volume":"29","author":"Sayinsu\n K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sayinsu\n K, \n \n Isik\n F, \n \n Trakyali\n G, \n \n Arun\n T. \n \n An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:105\u2013108."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"990","article-title":"Frequency of agenesis, impaction, angulation, and related pathologic changes of third molar teeth in orthodontic patients","volume":"68","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Miloglu\n O, \n \n Kazanci\n F. \n \n Frequency of agenesis, impaction, angulation, and related pathologic changes of third molar teeth in orthodontic patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:990\u2013995."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"505","article-title":"The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures","volume":"60","author":"Baumrind\n S,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baumrind\n S, \n \n Frantz\n RC. \n \n The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures. Am J Orthod. 1971;60:505\u2013517."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"575","article-title":"Miniscrew anchorage to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"37","author":"Kyung\n SH,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyung\n SH, \n \n Choi\n JH, \n \n Park\n YC. \n \n Miniscrew anchorage to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites. J Clin Orthod. 2003;37:575\u2013579."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Titanum screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction site","volume":"134","author":"Nararaj\n K,","unstructured":"Nararaj\n K, \n \n Upadhyay\n M, \n \n Yadav\n S. \n \n Titanum screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction site. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:583\u2013591."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"351","article-title":"Mandibular molar protraction with temporary anchorage devices","volume":"42","author":"Kravitz\n ND,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kravitz\n ND, \n \n Jolley\n T. \n \n Mandibular molar protraction with temporary anchorage devices. J Clin Orthod. 2008;42:351\u2013355."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"783","article-title":"Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing","volume":"141","author":"Baik\n UB,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baik\n UB, \n \n Chun\n YS, \n \n Jung\n MH, \n \n Sugawara\n J. \n \n Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:783\u2013795."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Molar Protraction: Orthodontic Substitution of Missing Posterior Teeth","first-page":"168","author":"Baik\n UB,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baik\n UB, \n \n Park\n JH. \n \n Molar Protraction: Orthodontic Substitution of Missing Posterior Teeth. Charleston, SC; 2013:168\u2013222."},{"key":"r6","first-page":"119","article-title":"Molar protraction: orthodontic substitution of missing posterior teeth","author":"Baik\n UB.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baik\n UB. \n \n Molar protraction: orthodontic substitution of missing posterior teeth. InKimKB, ed. Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices: A Guide to Design and Evidence-Based Solution. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2014:119\u2013160."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"226","article-title":"Eruption of third permanent molars after the extraction of second permanent molars. Part 1: assessment of third molar position and size","volume":"119","author":"Orton-Gibbs\n S,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Orton-Gibbs\n S, \n \n Crow\n V, \n \n Orton\n HS. \n \n Eruption of third permanent molars after the extraction of second permanent molars. Part 1: assessment of third molar position and size. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:226\u2013238."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"Spontaneous third molar eruption after second molar extraction in orthodontic patients","volume":"129","author":"De-la-Rossa-Gay\n C,","year":"2006","unstructured":"De-la-Rossa-Gay\n C, \n \n Valmaseda-Castellon\n E, \n \n Gay-Escoda\n C. \n \n Spontaneous third molar eruption after second molar extraction in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:337\u2013344."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"346","article-title":"Predictive model of third molar eruption after second molar extraction","volume":"137","author":"De-la-Rosa-Gay\n C,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De-la-Rosa-Gay\n C, \n \n Valmaseda-Castell\u00f3n\n E, \n \n Gay-Escoda\n C. \n \n Predictive model of third molar eruption after second molar extraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:346\u2013353."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"719","article-title":"The effects of first premolar extractions on third molar angulations","volume":"75","author":"Saysel\n MY,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saysel\n MY, \n \n Meral\n GD, \n \n Kocadereli\n I, \n \n Ta\u015far\n F. \n \n The effects of first premolar extractions on third molar angulations. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:719\u2013722."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"572","article-title":"Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults","volume":"83","author":"T\u00fcrk\u00f6z\n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"T\u00fcrk\u00f6z\n C, \n \n Ulusoy\n C. \n \n Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:572\u2013577."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"138","article-title":"Prevalence of third molar impaction in orthodontic patients treated nonextraction and with extraction of 4 premolars","volume":"123","author":"Kim\n TW.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim\n TW. \n \n Prevalence of third molar impaction in orthodontic patients treated nonextraction and with extraction of 4 premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:138\u2013145."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"634","article-title":"Effects of early loss of permanent first molars on the development of third molars","volume":"130","author":"Yavuz\n I,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yavuz\n I, \n \n Bayda\u015f\n B, \n \n Ikbal\n A, \n \n Da\u011fsuyu\n IM, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Effects of early loss of permanent first molars on the development of third molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:634\u2013638."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"36","article-title":"Changes in mandibular third molar angle and position after unilateral mandibular first molar extraction","volume":"129","author":"Ay\n S,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ay\n S, \n \n Agar\n U, \n \n Bi\u00e7ak\u00e7i\n AA, \n \n K\u00f6\u015fger\n HH. \n \n Changes in mandibular third molar angle and position after unilateral mandibular first molar extraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:36\u201341."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Jap J Orthod","first-page":"517","article-title":"A study on growth timing of mandibular length, body height, hand bones and cervical vertebrae during puberty","volume":"46","author":"Sato\n K.","unstructured":"Sato\n K. \n \n A study on growth timing of mandibular length, body height, hand bones and cervical vertebrae during puberty. Jap J Orthod. 1987;46:517\u2013533."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"J Dent Child","first-page":"254","article-title":"The development of the permanent teeth","volume":"27","author":"Nolla\n CM.","unstructured":"Nolla\n CM. \n \n The development of the permanent teeth. J Dent Child. 1960;27:254\u2013256."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings","volume":"29","author":"Sayinsu\n K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sayinsu\n K, \n \n Isik\n F, \n \n Trakyali\n G, \n \n Arun\n T. \n \n An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:105\u2013108."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"990","article-title":"Frequency of agenesis, impaction, angulation, and related pathologic changes of third molar teeth in orthodontic patients","volume":"68","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Miloglu\n O, \n \n Kazanci\n F. \n \n Frequency of agenesis, impaction, angulation, and related pathologic changes of third molar teeth in orthodontic patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:990\u2013995."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"505","article-title":"The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures","volume":"60","author":"Baumrind\n S,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baumrind\n S, \n \n Frantz\n RC. \n \n The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures. Am J Orthod. 1971;60:505\u2013517."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p565.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/86\/4\/565\/1397312\/061415-399_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p565.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p565.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:36:21Z","timestamp":1780068981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p565.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/061415-399.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}