{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:50:18Z","timestamp":1789447818318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to compare the clinical efficiency of nickel-titanium (NiTi) and niobium-titanium-tantalum-zirconium (TiNbTaZr) archwires during initial orthodontic alignment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n All subjects (ages between 12 and 20 years) underwent nonextraction treatment using 0.022-inch brackets. All patients were randomized into two groups for initial alignment with 0.016-inch NiTi archwires (n = 14), or with 0.016-inch TiNbTaZr archwires (n = 14). Digital scans were taken during the course of treatment and were used to compare the improvement in Little's Irregularity Index and the changes in intercanine and intermolar widths.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n There was approximately a 27% reduction in crowding during the first month with the use of 0.016-inch TiNbTaZr (Gummetal) wire, and an additional 25% decrease in crowding was observed during the next month. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups in the decrease in irregularity over time (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .29). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the changes in intercanine and intermolar width (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .80).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n It can be concluded that Gummetal wires and conventional NiTi wires possess a similar ability to align teeth, and Gummetal wires have additional advantages over conventional NiTi, such as formability and use in patients with nickel allergy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/061417-393.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T09:53:21Z","timestamp":1520243601000},"page":"348-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Comparison of changes in irregularity and transverse width with nickel-titanium and niobium-titanium-tantalum-zirconium archwires during initial orthodontic alignment in adolescents: A double-blind randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Barrett","family":"Nordstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Cameron","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry W.","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Michael","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, Division of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do-Gyoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruko","family":"Takano-Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program Director and Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"100","article-title":"Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires","volume":"96","author":"Kapila \n S,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kapila \n S, \n \n \n Sachdeva \n R. \n \n \n Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;96:100\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b02","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"42","article-title":"A systematic review of clinical trials of aligning archwires","volume":"36","author":"Riley \n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riley \n M, \n \n \n Bearn \n D. \n \n \n A systematic review of clinical trials of aligning archwires. J Orthod. 2009;36:42\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b03","series-title":"Contact Dermatitis","first-page":"210","article-title":"Stomatitis or systemically-induced contact dermatitis from metal wire in orthodontic materials","volume":"30","author":"Veien \n NK,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Veien \n NK, \n \n \n Borchorst \n E, \n \n \n Hattel \n T, \n \n \n Laurberg \n G. \n \n \n Stomatitis or systemically-induced contact dermatitis from metal wire in orthodontic materials. Contact Dermatitis. 1994;30:210\u2013213."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"222","article-title":"In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implications for corrosion potential, nickel release, and biocompatibility","volume":"72","author":"Eliades \n T,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eliades \n T, \n \n \n Athanasiou \n AE. \n \n \n In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implications for corrosion potential, nickel release, and biocompatibility. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:222\u2013237."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b05","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"297","article-title":"Nickel allergy and orthodontics, a review and report of two cases","volume":"204","author":"Noble \n J,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noble \n J, \n \n \n Ahing \n SI, \n \n \n Karaiskos \n NE, \n \n \n Wiltshire \n WA. \n \n \n Nickel allergy and orthodontics, a review and report of two cases. Br Dent J. 2008;204:297\u2013300."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b06","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"6","article-title":"Titanium-niobium, a new finishing wire alloy","volume":"3","author":"Dalstra \n M,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dalstra \n M, \n \n \n Denes \n G, \n \n \n Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Titanium-niobium, a new finishing wire alloy. Clin Orthod Res. 2000;3:6\u201314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b07","series-title":"Dent Mater J","first-page":"189","article-title":"High-cycle fatigue behavior of beta-titanium orthodontic wires","volume":"34","author":"Murakami \n T,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murakami \n T, \n \n \n Iijima \n M, \n \n \n Muguruma \n T, \n \n \n Yano \n F, \n \n \n Kawashima \n I, \n \n \n Mizoguchi \n I. \n \n \n High-cycle fatigue behavior of beta-titanium orthodontic wires. Dent Mater J. 2015;34:189\u2013195."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Orthodontic buccal tooth movement by nickel-free titanium-based shape memory and superelastic alloy wire","volume":"76","author":"Suzuki \n A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suzuki \n A, \n \n \n Kanetaka \n H, \n \n \n Shimizu \n Y, \n \n et al. \n Orthodontic buccal tooth movement by nickel-free titanium-based shape memory and superelastic alloy wire. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:1041\u20131046."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b09","series-title":"Materials (Basel)","first-page":"8168","article-title":"Biocompatibility of Advanced Manufactured Titanium Implants-A Review","volume":"7","author":"Sidambe \n AT.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sidambe \n AT. \n \n \n Biocompatibility of Advanced Manufactured Titanium Implants-A Review. Materials (Basel). 2014;7:8168\u20138188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b10","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"2673","article-title":"Fatigue performance and cyto-toxicity of low rigidity titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta4.6Zr","volume":"24","author":"Niinomi \n M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Niinomi \n M. \n \n \n Fatigue performance and cyto-toxicity of low rigidity titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta4.6Zr. Biomaterials. 2003;24:2673\u20132683."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b11","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0150081","article-title":"Apatite formation and biocompatibility of a low Young's modulus Ti-Nb-Sn alloy treated with anodic oxidation and hot water","volume":"11","author":"Tanaka \n H,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanaka \n H, \n \n \n Mori \n Y, \n \n \n Noro \n A, \n \n et al. \n Apatite formation and biocompatibility of a low Young's modulus Ti-Nb-Sn alloy treated with anodic oxidation and hot water. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0150081."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b12","series-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl","first-page":"565","article-title":"Characterization, corrosion behavior, cellular response and in vivo bone tissue compatibility of titanium-niobium alloy with low Young's modulus","volume":"59","author":"Bai \n Y,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bai \n Y, \n \n \n Deng \n Y, \n \n \n Zheng \n Y, \n \n et al. \n Characterization, corrosion behavior, cellular response and in vivo bone tissue compatibility of titanium-niobium alloy with low Young's modulus. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;59:565\u2013576."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b13","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Can the intra-examiner variability of Little's Irregularity Index be improved using 3D digital models of study casts?","volume":"41","author":"Dowling \n AH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dowling \n AH, \n \n \n Burns \n A, \n \n \n Macauley \n D, \n \n \n Garvey \n TM, \n \n \n Fleming \n GJ. \n \n \n Can the intra-examiner variability of Little's Irregularity Index be improved using 3D digital models of study casts?\n J Dent. 2013;41:1271\u20131280."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"406","article-title":"Effectiveness of bonded and vacuum-formed retainers: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"150","author":"O'Rourke \n N,","year":"2016","unstructured":"O'Rourke \n N, \n \n \n Albeedh \n H, \n \n \n Sharma \n P, \n \n \n Johal \n A. \n \n \n Effectiveness of bonded and vacuum-formed retainers: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150:406\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b15","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"78","article-title":"Mandibular changes during initial alignment with SmartClip self-ligating and conventional brackets: a single-center prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"45","author":"Celikoglu \n M,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Celikoglu \n M, \n \n \n Bayram \n M, \n \n \n Nur \n M, \n \n \n Kilkis \n D. \n \n \n Mandibular changes during initial alignment with SmartClip self-ligating and conventional brackets: a single-center prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:78\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"434","article-title":"A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"85","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdelrahman RSh, Al-Nimri KS, Al Maaitah EF. A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: a prospective clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:434\u2013439."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b17","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"32","article-title":"Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Ong \n E,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ong \n E, \n \n \n Ho \n C, \n \n \n Miles \n P. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthod. 2011;38:32\u201339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"703","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study","volume":"82","author":"Sebastian \n B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sebastian \n B. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:703\u2013708."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b19","series-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl","first-page":"362","article-title":"Potentiality of the \u201cGum Metal\u201d titanium-based alloy for biomedical applications","volume":"44","author":"Gordin \n DM,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gordin \n DM, \n \n \n Ion \n R, \n \n \n Vasilescu \n C, \n \n \n Drob \n SI, \n \n \n Cimpean \n A, \n \n \n Gloriant \n T. \n \n \n Potentiality of the \u201cGum Metal\u201d titanium-based alloy for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014;44:362\u2013370."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"100","article-title":"Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires","volume":"96","author":"Kapila \n S,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kapila \n S, \n \n \n Sachdeva \n R. \n \n \n Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;96:100\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b02","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"42","article-title":"A systematic review of clinical trials of aligning archwires","volume":"36","author":"Riley \n M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riley \n M, \n \n \n Bearn \n D. \n \n \n A systematic review of clinical trials of aligning archwires. J Orthod. 2009;36:42\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b03","series-title":"Contact Dermatitis","first-page":"210","article-title":"Stomatitis or systemically-induced contact dermatitis from metal wire in orthodontic materials","volume":"30","author":"Veien \n NK,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Veien \n NK, \n \n \n Borchorst \n E, \n \n \n Hattel \n T, \n \n \n Laurberg \n G. \n \n \n Stomatitis or systemically-induced contact dermatitis from metal wire in orthodontic materials. Contact Dermatitis. 1994;30:210\u2013213."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"222","article-title":"In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implications for corrosion potential, nickel release, and biocompatibility","volume":"72","author":"Eliades \n T,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eliades \n T, \n \n \n Athanasiou \n AE. \n \n \n In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implications for corrosion potential, nickel release, and biocompatibility. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:222\u2013237."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b05","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"297","article-title":"Nickel allergy and orthodontics, a review and report of two cases","volume":"204","author":"Noble \n J,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noble \n J, \n \n \n Ahing \n SI, \n \n \n Karaiskos \n NE, \n \n \n Wiltshire \n WA. \n \n \n Nickel allergy and orthodontics, a review and report of two cases. Br Dent J. 2008;204:297\u2013300."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b06","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"6","article-title":"Titanium-niobium, a new finishing wire alloy","volume":"3","author":"Dalstra \n M,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dalstra \n M, \n \n \n Denes \n G, \n \n \n Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Titanium-niobium, a new finishing wire alloy. Clin Orthod Res. 2000;3:6\u201314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b07","series-title":"Dent Mater J","first-page":"189","article-title":"High-cycle fatigue behavior of beta-titanium orthodontic wires","volume":"34","author":"Murakami \n T,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murakami \n T, \n \n \n Iijima \n M, \n \n \n Muguruma \n T, \n \n \n Yano \n F, \n \n \n Kawashima \n I, \n \n \n Mizoguchi \n I. \n \n \n High-cycle fatigue behavior of beta-titanium orthodontic wires. Dent Mater J. 2015;34:189\u2013195."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Orthodontic buccal tooth movement by nickel-free titanium-based shape memory and superelastic alloy wire","volume":"76","author":"Suzuki \n A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suzuki \n A, \n \n \n Kanetaka \n H, \n \n \n Shimizu \n Y, \n \n et al. \n Orthodontic buccal tooth movement by nickel-free titanium-based shape memory and superelastic alloy wire. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:1041\u20131046."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b09","series-title":"Materials (Basel)","first-page":"8168","article-title":"Biocompatibility of Advanced Manufactured Titanium Implants-A Review","volume":"7","author":"Sidambe \n AT.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sidambe \n AT. \n \n \n Biocompatibility of Advanced Manufactured Titanium Implants-A Review. Materials (Basel). 2014;7:8168\u20138188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b10","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"2673","article-title":"Fatigue performance and cyto-toxicity of low rigidity titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta4.6Zr","volume":"24","author":"Niinomi \n M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Niinomi \n M. \n \n \n Fatigue performance and cyto-toxicity of low rigidity titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta4.6Zr. Biomaterials. 2003;24:2673\u20132683."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b11","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0150081","article-title":"Apatite formation and biocompatibility of a low Young's modulus Ti-Nb-Sn alloy treated with anodic oxidation and hot water","volume":"11","author":"Tanaka \n H,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanaka \n H, \n \n \n Mori \n Y, \n \n \n Noro \n A, \n \n et al. \n Apatite formation and biocompatibility of a low Young's modulus Ti-Nb-Sn alloy treated with anodic oxidation and hot water. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0150081."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b12","series-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl","first-page":"565","article-title":"Characterization, corrosion behavior, cellular response and in vivo bone tissue compatibility of titanium-niobium alloy with low Young's modulus","volume":"59","author":"Bai \n Y,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bai \n Y, \n \n \n Deng \n Y, \n \n \n Zheng \n Y, \n \n et al. \n Characterization, corrosion behavior, cellular response and in vivo bone tissue compatibility of titanium-niobium alloy with low Young's modulus. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;59:565\u2013576."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b13","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Can the intra-examiner variability of Little's Irregularity Index be improved using 3D digital models of study casts?","volume":"41","author":"Dowling \n AH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dowling \n AH, \n \n \n Burns \n A, \n \n \n Macauley \n D, \n \n \n Garvey \n TM, \n \n \n Fleming \n GJ. \n \n \n Can the intra-examiner variability of Little's Irregularity Index be improved using 3D digital models of study casts?\n J Dent. 2013;41:1271\u20131280."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"406","article-title":"Effectiveness of bonded and vacuum-formed retainers: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"150","author":"O'Rourke \n N,","year":"2016","unstructured":"O'Rourke \n N, \n \n \n Albeedh \n H, \n \n \n Sharma \n P, \n \n \n Johal \n A. \n \n \n Effectiveness of bonded and vacuum-formed retainers: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150:406\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b15","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"78","article-title":"Mandibular changes during initial alignment with SmartClip self-ligating and conventional brackets: a single-center prospective randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"45","author":"Celikoglu \n M,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Celikoglu \n M, \n \n \n Bayram \n M, \n \n \n Nur \n M, \n \n \n Kilkis \n D. \n \n \n Mandibular changes during initial alignment with SmartClip self-ligating and conventional brackets: a single-center prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:78\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"434","article-title":"A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"85","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdelrahman RSh, Al-Nimri KS, Al Maaitah EF. A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: a prospective clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:434\u2013439."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b17","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"32","article-title":"Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Ong \n E,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ong \n E, \n \n \n Ho \n C, \n \n \n Miles \n P. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthod. 2011;38:32\u201339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"703","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study","volume":"82","author":"Sebastian \n B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sebastian \n B. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:703\u2013708."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-3-348-b19","series-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl","first-page":"362","article-title":"Potentiality of the \u201cGum Metal\u201d titanium-based alloy for biomedical applications","volume":"44","author":"Gordin \n DM,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gordin \n DM, \n \n \n Ion \n R, \n \n \n Vasilescu \n C, \n \n \n Drob \n SI, \n \n \n Cimpean \n A, \n \n \n Gloriant \n T. \n \n \n Potentiality of the \u201cGum Metal\u201d titanium-based alloy for biomedical applications. 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