{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:30:30Z","timestamp":1787499030537,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the reproducibility of cephalometric measurements performed with software for a tablet, with a program for personal computers (PCs), and manually.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 20 patients that were acquired using the same digital cephalometer were collected. Tracings were performed with NemoCeph for Windows (Nemotec), with SmileCeph for iPad (Glace Software), and by hand. Landmark identification was carried out with a mouse-driven cursor using NemoCeph and with a stylus pen on the iPad screen using SmileCeph. Hand tracings were performed on printouts of the cephalograms, using a 0.3-mm 2H pencil and a protractor. Cephalometric landmarks and linear and angular measurements were recorded. All the tracings were done by the same investigator. To evaluate reproducibility, for each cephalometric measurement the agreement between the value derived from NemoCeph, that given by SmileCeph and that measured manually was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was rated as low for an ICC \u22640.75, and an ICC &gt; 0.75 was considered indicative of good agreement. Also, differences in measurements between each software and manual tracing were statistically evaluated (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All the measurements had ICC &gt;0.8, indicative of a high agreement among the tracing methods. Relatively lower ICCs occurred for linear measurements related to the occlusal plane and to N perpendicular to the Frankfurt plane. Differences in measurements between both software programs and hand tracing were not statistically significant for any of the cephalometric parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tablet-assisted, PC-aided, and manual cephalometric tracings showed good agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/061513-451.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]],"date-time":"2013-10-25T10:04:31Z","timestamp":1382695471000},"page":"437-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Reproducibility of measurements in tablet-assisted, PC-aided, and manual cephalometric analysis"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Goracci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"159","article-title":"Dose reduction by direct-digital cephalometric radiography","volume":"71","author":"Visser\n              H,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Visser\n              H, \n            \n              R\u00f6dig\n              T, \n            \n              Hermann\n              KP. \n          \n          Dose reduction by direct-digital cephalometric radiography. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:159\u2013163."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"537","article-title":"Picture archiving and communications systems: a study of reliability of orthodontic cephalometric analysis","volume":"33","author":"Tan\n              SS,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan\n              SS, \n            \n              Ahmad\n              S, \n            \n              Moles\n              DR, \n            \n              Cunningham\n              SJ. \n          \n          Picture archiving and communications systems: a study of reliability of orthodontic cephalometric analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:537\u2013543."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"241","article-title":"Comparison of cephalometric measurements with digital versus conventional cephalometric analysis","volume":"31","author":"Celik\n              E,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Celik\n              E, \n            \n              Polat-Ozsoy\n              O, \n            \n              Toygar Memikoglu\n              TU. \n          \n          Comparison of cephalometric measurements with digital versus conventional cephalometric analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:241\u2013246."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"254","article-title":"Differences in cephalometric measurements: a comparison of digital versus hand-tracing methods","volume":"31","author":"Polat-Ozsoy\n              O,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Polat-Ozsoy\n              O, \n            \n              Gokcelik\n              A, \n            \n              Toygar Memikoglu\n              TU. \n          \n          Differences in cephalometric measurements: a comparison of digital versus hand-tracing methods. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:254\u2013259."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"721","article-title":"A comparison of hand-tracing and cephalometric analysis computer programs with and without advanced features\u2014accuracy and time demands","volume":"32","author":"Tsorovas\n              G,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsorovas\n              G, \n            \n              Karsten\n              AL. \n          \n          A comparison of hand-tracing and cephalometric analysis computer programs with and without advanced features\u2014accuracy and time demands. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:721\u2013728."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b06","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"11","article-title":"The reliability and reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of conventional and digital methods","volume":"41","author":"AlBarakati\n              SF,","year":"2012","unstructured":"AlBarakati\n              SF, \n            \n              Kula\n              KS, \n            \n              Ghoneima\n              AA. \n          \n          The reliability and reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of conventional and digital methods. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012;41:11\u201317."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"535","article-title":"Accuracy of computerized automatic identification of cephalometric landmarks","volume":"118","author":"Liu\n              JK,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu\n              JK, \n            \n              Cheng\n              KS. \n          \n          Accuracy of computerized automatic identification of cephalometric landmarks. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:535\u2013540."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"318","article-title":"Reliability of four different computerized cephalometric analysis programs","volume":"34","author":"Erkan\n              M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Erkan\n              M, \n            \n              Gurel\n              HG, \n            \n              Nur\n              M, \n            \n              Demirel\n              B. \n          \n          Reliability of four different computerized cephalometric analysis programs. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:318\u2013321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings","volume":"29","author":"Sayinsu\n              K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sayinsu\n              K, \n            \n              Isik\n              F, \n            \n              Trakyali\n              G, \n            \n              Arun\n              T. \n          \n          An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:105\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"137","article-title":"Reliability of landmark recording on film and digital lateral cephalograms","volume":"15","author":"Macr\u00ec\n              V,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Macr\u00ec\n              V, \n            \n              Wenzel\n              A. \n          \n          Reliability of landmark recording on film and digital lateral cephalograms. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:137\u2013148."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"331","article-title":"Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks in conventional film, hardcopy and monitor-displayed images obtained by the storage phosphor technique","volume":"20","author":"Geelen\n              W,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Geelen\n              W, \n            \n              Wenzel\n              A, \n            \n              Gotfredsen\n              E, \n            \n              Kruger\n              M, \n            \n              Hansson\n              L-G. \n          \n          Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks in conventional film, hardcopy and monitor-displayed images obtained by the storage phosphor technique. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20:331\u2013340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"387","article-title":"Comparison of landmark identification in traditional versus computer-aided digital cephalometry","volume":"70","author":"Chen\n              YI,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chen\n              YI, \n            \n              Chen\n              SK, \n            \n              Chan\n              HF, \n            \n              Chen\n              KC. \n          \n          Comparison of landmark identification in traditional versus computer-aided digital cephalometry. Angle Orthod. 2000;70:387\u2013392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"655","article-title":"The reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of analogue and digital methods","volume":"24","author":"Ongkosuwito\n              EM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ongkosuwito\n              EM, \n            \n              Katsaros\n              C, \n            \n              van't Hof\n              MA, \n            \n              Bodegom\n              JC, \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM. \n          \n          The reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of analogue and digital methods. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:655\u2013665."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effects of differences in landmark identification on cephalometric measurements in traditional versus digitized cephalometry","volume":"74","author":"Chen\n              YI,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen\n              YI, \n            \n              Chen\n              SK, \n            \n              Yao\n              JC, \n            \n              Chang\n              HF. \n          \n          The effects of differences in landmark identification on cephalometric measurements in traditional versus digitized cephalometry. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:155\u2013161."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b15","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"204","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: I. Hard tissue","volume":"10","author":"Gregston\n              MD,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gregston\n              MD, \n            \n              Kula\n              T, \n            \n              Hardman\n              P, \n            \n              Glaros\n              A, \n            \n              Kula\n              K. \n          \n          Comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: I. Hard tissue. Semin Orthod. 2004;10:204\u2013211."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"A comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: II. Soft tissue","volume":"10","author":"Kublashvili\n              T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kublashvili\n              T, \n            \n              Kula\n              K, \n            \n              Glaros\n              A, \n            \n              Hardman\n              P, \n            \n              Kula\n              T. \n          \n          A comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: II. Soft tissue. Semin Orthod. 2004;10:212\u2013219."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b17","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"619","article-title":"Dolphin Imaging Software: an analysis of the accuracy of cephalometric digitization and orthognathic prediction","volume":"34","author":"Power\n              G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Power\n              G, \n            \n              Breckon\n              J, \n            \n              Sherriff\n              M, \n            \n              McDonald\n              F. \n          \n          Dolphin Imaging Software: an analysis of the accuracy of cephalometric digitization and orthognathic prediction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34:619\u2013626."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"345","article-title":"Accuracy of digital and analogue cephalometric measurements assessed with the sandwich technique","volume":"129","author":"Santoro\n              M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Santoro\n              M, \n            \n              Jarjoura\n              K, \n            \n              Cangialosi\n              TJ. \n          \n          Accuracy of digital and analogue cephalometric measurements assessed with the sandwich technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:345\u2013351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"A comparison of manual traced images and corresponding scanned radiographs digitally traced","volume":"31","author":"Naoumova\n              J,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naoumova\n              J, \n            \n              Lindman\n              R. \n          \n          A comparison of manual traced images and corresponding scanned radiographs digitally traced. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:247\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b20","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"523","article-title":"Evaluation of speed, repeatability, and reproducibility of digital radiography with manual versus computer-assisted cephalometric analyses","volume":"31","author":"Uysal\n              T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uysal\n              T, \n            \n              Baysal\n              A, \n            \n              Yagci\n              A. \n          \n          Evaluation of speed, repeatability, and reproducibility of digital radiography with manual versus computer-assisted cephalometric analyses. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:523\u2013528."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Digital imaging of cephalometric radiographs. Part 2: image quality","volume":"66","author":"Forsyth\n              DB,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Forsyth\n              DB, \n            \n              Shaw\n              WC, \n            \n              Richmond\n              S, \n            \n              Roberts\n              CT. \n          \n          Digital imaging of cephalometric radiographs. Part 2: image quality. Angle Orthod. 1996;66:43\u201360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b22","series-title":"Assessing Quality of Life in Clinical Trials: Methods and Practice","author":"Fayers\n              P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fayers\n              P, \n            \n              Hays\n              R. \n          \n          Assessing Quality of Life in Clinical Trials: Methods and Practice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2005."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"340","article-title":"A comparison of scanned lateral cephalograms with corresponding original radiographs","volume":"130","author":"Bruntz\n              LQ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruntz\n              LQ, \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM, \n            \n              Baden\n              S, \n            \n              Hans\n              MG. \n          \n          A comparison of scanned lateral cephalograms with corresponding original radiographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:340\u2013348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"149","article-title":"Sources of error in measurements from cephalometric radiographs","volume":"8","author":"Houston\n              WJB,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Houston\n              WJB, \n            \n              Maher\n              RE, \n            \n              McElroy\n              D, \n            \n              Sheriff\n              M. \n          \n          Sources of error in measurements from cephalometric radiographs. Eur J Orthod. 1986;8:149\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"159","article-title":"Dose reduction by direct-digital cephalometric radiography","volume":"71","author":"Visser\n              H,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Visser\n              H, \n            \n              R\u00f6dig\n              T, \n            \n              Hermann\n              KP. \n          \n          Dose reduction by direct-digital cephalometric radiography. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:159\u2013163."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"537","article-title":"Picture archiving and communications systems: a study of reliability of orthodontic cephalometric analysis","volume":"33","author":"Tan\n              SS,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan\n              SS, \n            \n              Ahmad\n              S, \n            \n              Moles\n              DR, \n            \n              Cunningham\n              SJ. \n          \n          Picture archiving and communications systems: a study of reliability of orthodontic cephalometric analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:537\u2013543."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"241","article-title":"Comparison of cephalometric measurements with digital versus conventional cephalometric analysis","volume":"31","author":"Celik\n              E,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Celik\n              E, \n            \n              Polat-Ozsoy\n              O, \n            \n              Toygar Memikoglu\n              TU. \n          \n          Comparison of cephalometric measurements with digital versus conventional cephalometric analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:241\u2013246."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"254","article-title":"Differences in cephalometric measurements: a comparison of digital versus hand-tracing methods","volume":"31","author":"Polat-Ozsoy\n              O,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Polat-Ozsoy\n              O, \n            \n              Gokcelik\n              A, \n            \n              Toygar Memikoglu\n              TU. \n          \n          Differences in cephalometric measurements: a comparison of digital versus hand-tracing methods. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:254\u2013259."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"721","article-title":"A comparison of hand-tracing and cephalometric analysis computer programs with and without advanced features\u2014accuracy and time demands","volume":"32","author":"Tsorovas\n              G,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsorovas\n              G, \n            \n              Karsten\n              AL. \n          \n          A comparison of hand-tracing and cephalometric analysis computer programs with and without advanced features\u2014accuracy and time demands. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:721\u2013728."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b06","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"11","article-title":"The reliability and reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of conventional and digital methods","volume":"41","author":"AlBarakati\n              SF,","year":"2012","unstructured":"AlBarakati\n              SF, \n            \n              Kula\n              KS, \n            \n              Ghoneima\n              AA. \n          \n          The reliability and reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of conventional and digital methods. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012;41:11\u201317."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"535","article-title":"Accuracy of computerized automatic identification of cephalometric landmarks","volume":"118","author":"Liu\n              JK,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu\n              JK, \n            \n              Cheng\n              KS. \n          \n          Accuracy of computerized automatic identification of cephalometric landmarks. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:535\u2013540."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"318","article-title":"Reliability of four different computerized cephalometric analysis programs","volume":"34","author":"Erkan\n              M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Erkan\n              M, \n            \n              Gurel\n              HG, \n            \n              Nur\n              M, \n            \n              Demirel\n              B. \n          \n          Reliability of four different computerized cephalometric analysis programs. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:318\u2013321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings","volume":"29","author":"Sayinsu\n              K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sayinsu\n              K, \n            \n              Isik\n              F, \n            \n              Trakyali\n              G, \n            \n              Arun\n              T. \n          \n          An evaluation of the errors in cephalometric measurements on scanned cephalometric images and conventional tracings. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:105\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"137","article-title":"Reliability of landmark recording on film and digital lateral cephalograms","volume":"15","author":"Macr\u00ec\n              V,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Macr\u00ec\n              V, \n            \n              Wenzel\n              A. \n          \n          Reliability of landmark recording on film and digital lateral cephalograms. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:137\u2013148."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"331","article-title":"Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks in conventional film, hardcopy and monitor-displayed images obtained by the storage phosphor technique","volume":"20","author":"Geelen\n              W,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Geelen\n              W, \n            \n              Wenzel\n              A, \n            \n              Gotfredsen\n              E, \n            \n              Kruger\n              M, \n            \n              Hansson\n              L-G. \n          \n          Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks in conventional film, hardcopy and monitor-displayed images obtained by the storage phosphor technique. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20:331\u2013340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"387","article-title":"Comparison of landmark identification in traditional versus computer-aided digital cephalometry","volume":"70","author":"Chen\n              YI,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chen\n              YI, \n            \n              Chen\n              SK, \n            \n              Chan\n              HF, \n            \n              Chen\n              KC. \n          \n          Comparison of landmark identification in traditional versus computer-aided digital cephalometry. Angle Orthod. 2000;70:387\u2013392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"655","article-title":"The reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of analogue and digital methods","volume":"24","author":"Ongkosuwito\n              EM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ongkosuwito\n              EM, \n            \n              Katsaros\n              C, \n            \n              van't Hof\n              MA, \n            \n              Bodegom\n              JC, \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM. \n          \n          The reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of analogue and digital methods. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:655\u2013665."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effects of differences in landmark identification on cephalometric measurements in traditional versus digitized cephalometry","volume":"74","author":"Chen\n              YI,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen\n              YI, \n            \n              Chen\n              SK, \n            \n              Yao\n              JC, \n            \n              Chang\n              HF. \n          \n          The effects of differences in landmark identification on cephalometric measurements in traditional versus digitized cephalometry. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:155\u2013161."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b15","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"204","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: I. Hard tissue","volume":"10","author":"Gregston\n              MD,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gregston\n              MD, \n            \n              Kula\n              T, \n            \n              Hardman\n              P, \n            \n              Glaros\n              A, \n            \n              Kula\n              K. \n          \n          Comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: I. Hard tissue. Semin Orthod. 2004;10:204\u2013211."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"A comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: II. Soft tissue","volume":"10","author":"Kublashvili\n              T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kublashvili\n              T, \n            \n              Kula\n              K, \n            \n              Glaros\n              A, \n            \n              Hardman\n              P, \n            \n              Kula\n              T. \n          \n          A comparison of conventional and digital radiographic methods and cephalometric analysis software: II. Soft tissue. Semin Orthod. 2004;10:212\u2013219."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b17","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"619","article-title":"Dolphin Imaging Software: an analysis of the accuracy of cephalometric digitization and orthognathic prediction","volume":"34","author":"Power\n              G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Power\n              G, \n            \n              Breckon\n              J, \n            \n              Sherriff\n              M, \n            \n              McDonald\n              F. \n          \n          Dolphin Imaging Software: an analysis of the accuracy of cephalometric digitization and orthognathic prediction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34:619\u2013626."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"345","article-title":"Accuracy of digital and analogue cephalometric measurements assessed with the sandwich technique","volume":"129","author":"Santoro\n              M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Santoro\n              M, \n            \n              Jarjoura\n              K, \n            \n              Cangialosi\n              TJ. \n          \n          Accuracy of digital and analogue cephalometric measurements assessed with the sandwich technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:345\u2013351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"A comparison of manual traced images and corresponding scanned radiographs digitally traced","volume":"31","author":"Naoumova\n              J,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naoumova\n              J, \n            \n              Lindman\n              R. \n          \n          A comparison of manual traced images and corresponding scanned radiographs digitally traced. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:247\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b20","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"523","article-title":"Evaluation of speed, repeatability, and reproducibility of digital radiography with manual versus computer-assisted cephalometric analyses","volume":"31","author":"Uysal\n              T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uysal\n              T, \n            \n              Baysal\n              A, \n            \n              Yagci\n              A. \n          \n          Evaluation of speed, repeatability, and reproducibility of digital radiography with manual versus computer-assisted cephalometric analyses. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31:523\u2013528."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Digital imaging of cephalometric radiographs. Part 2: image quality","volume":"66","author":"Forsyth\n              DB,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Forsyth\n              DB, \n            \n              Shaw\n              WC, \n            \n              Richmond\n              S, \n            \n              Roberts\n              CT. \n          \n          Digital imaging of cephalometric radiographs. Part 2: image quality. Angle Orthod. 1996;66:43\u201360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b22","series-title":"Assessing Quality of Life in Clinical Trials: Methods and Practice","author":"Fayers\n              P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fayers\n              P, \n            \n              Hays\n              R. \n          \n          Assessing Quality of Life in Clinical Trials: Methods and Practice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2005."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"340","article-title":"A comparison of scanned lateral cephalograms with corresponding original radiographs","volume":"130","author":"Bruntz\n              LQ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruntz\n              LQ, \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM, \n            \n              Baden\n              S, \n            \n              Hans\n              MG. \n          \n          A comparison of scanned lateral cephalograms with corresponding original radiographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:340\u2013348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-437-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"149","article-title":"Sources of error in measurements from cephalometric radiographs","volume":"8","author":"Houston\n              WJB,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Houston\n              WJB, \n            \n              Maher\n              RE, \n            \n              McElroy\n              D, \n            \n              Sheriff\n              M. \n          \n          Sources of error in measurements from cephalometric radiographs. Eur J Orthod. 1986;8:149\u2013151."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/84\/3\/article-p437.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/84\/3\/437\/1391975\/061513-451_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/84\/3\/article-p437.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/84\/3\/article-p437.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:47:07Z","timestamp":1780069627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/84\/3\/article-p437.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/061513-451.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}