{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:33:34Z","timestamp":1785440014925,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the outcome of treating deep overbite (OB) using anterior bite elevators concurrently with a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) cephalometric analysis was used to isolate tipping movement of upper (TUI) and lower incisors (TLI), bodily tooth movement of upper (BUI), and lower incisors (BLI), as well as vertical skeletal changes in the anterior region of the maxilla (MXSK) and mandible (MNSK). Thirty treated subjects were examined at pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) and compared to an untreated control group matched on age, sex, and Angle malocclusion from the Bolton Brush Growth Study Collection (CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overbite (OB) in the treated group was decreased significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) (\u22125.6 mm) compared to controls. Statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      .001) changes were found for BUI (\u22120.7 mm), TUI (0.9 mm), TLI (\u22121.4 mm), BLI (\u22121.1 mm), and MNSK (\u22121.6 mm). Most of the overbite correction was in the lower arch and included tipping and intrusion of the lower incisors along with an increase in lower vertical facial height.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deep OB correction was achieved efficiently using anterior bite elevators with pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. Correction using bite turbos would be a treatment option for individuals presenting with decreased lower facial height and deep bite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/061622-432.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T12:46:38Z","timestamp":1683809198000},"page":"507-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cephalometric evaluation of deep overbite correction using anterior bite turbos"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Sherif G.","family":"Elbarnashawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa C.","family":"Keesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer Mosleh","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard E.","family":"Kossoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Palomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Martin","family":"Palomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of deep-bite cases","volume":"77","author":"Engel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Engel\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Cornforth\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Damerell\n              JM,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Treatment of deep-bite cases.\nAm J Orthod.\n1980;\n77(1):\n1\u201313.\ndoi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90220-1"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"349","article-title":"Change in overbite: a ten-year postretention study","volume":"64","author":"Simons","year":"1973","unstructured":"Simons\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Joondeph\n              DR.\n            \n          \n          Change in overbite: a ten-year postretention study.\nAm J Orthod.\n1973;\n64(4):\n349\u2013367."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"945","article-title":"Outcomes of two-phase orthodontic treatment of deepbite malocclusions","volume":"81","author":"Franchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Giuntini\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Masucci\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Vangelisti\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Defraia\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Outcomes of two-phase orthodontic treatment of deepbite malocclusions.\nAngle Orthod.\n2011;\n81(6):\n945\u2013952."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"75","article-title":"Early vs late orthodontic treatment of deepbite: a prospective clinical trial in growing subjects","volume":"142","author":"Baccetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Giuntini\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Masucci\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Vangelisti\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Defraia\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Early vs late orthodontic treatment of deepbite: a prospective clinical trial in growing subjects.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2012;\n142(1):\n75\u201382.\ndoi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.02.024"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b05","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"343","article-title":"Bite opening: a cephalometric analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bahador","year":"1944","unstructured":"Bahador\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Higley\n              LB.\n            \n          \n          Bite opening: a cephalometric analysis.\nJ Am Dent Assoc.\n1944;\n31(5):\n343\u2013352."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"42","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of growth in subjects using bite plate","volume":"26","author":"Belger","year":"1956","unstructured":"Belger\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric analysis of growth in subjects using bite plate.\nAngle Orthod.\n1956;\n26(1):\n42\u201349."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b07","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"512","article-title":"The effect of removable appliance therapy on the facial pattern","volume":"114","author":"Atherton","year":"1963","unstructured":"Atherton\n              JD.\n            \n          \n          The effect of removable appliance therapy on the facial pattern.\nBr Dent J.\n1963;\n114:\n512\u2013514."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b08","series-title":"Trans. Europ. Orthod. Soc","first-page":"375","article-title":"An investigation into the short and long term effects of the anterior bite plane on the occlusal relationship and facial form","author":"Richardson","year":"1963","unstructured":"Richardson\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Adams\n              CP.\n            \n          \n          An investigation into the short and long term effects of the anterior bite plane on the occlusal relationship and facial form.\nTrans. Europ. Orthod. Soc.\n1963:\n375\u2013383.\nPublished online."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"660","article-title":"Changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of bite plane therapy","volume":"67","author":"Menezes","year":"1975","unstructured":"Menezes\n              DM.\n            \n          \n          Changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of bite plane therapy.\nAm J Orthod.\n1975;\n67(6):\n660\u2013676."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"107","article-title":"The effect of a lingual arch appliance with anterior bite plane in deep overbite correction","volume":"6","author":"Forsberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Forsberg\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Hellsing\n              E.\n            \n          \n          The effect of a lingual arch appliance with anterior bite plane in deep overbite correction.\nEur J Orthod.\n1984;\n6(1):\n107\u2013115."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b11","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"An evidence-based approach to treatment of open bite and deep bite","volume":"8","author":"Hans","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Teng\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Liao\n              CC,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              YH,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              CY.\n            \n          \n          An evidence-based approach to treatment of open bite and deep bite.\nWorld J Orthod.\n2007;\n8(1)45\u201364."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"598","article-title":"The Broadbent-Bolton Growth Study\u2013past, present, and future","volume":"105","author":"Hans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Broadbent\n              BH,\n              Jr\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              SS.\n            \n          \n          The Broadbent-Bolton Growth Study\u2013past, present, and future.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1994;\n105(6):\n598\u2013603."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction","volume":"64","author":"Hans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Kishiyama\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Parker\n              SH,\n            \n            \n              Wolf\n              GR,\n            \n            \n              Noachtar\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction.\nAngle Orthod.\n1994;\n64(4):\n265\u2013274."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b14","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"Evidence of correction of open bite malocclusion using active vertical corrector treatment","volume":"5","author":"Bazzucchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bazzucchi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Powers\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Parker\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Evidence of correction of open bite malocclusion using active vertical corrector treatment.\nSemin Orthod.\n1999;\n5:\n110\u2013120."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"183","article-title":"Cephalometric changes in overbite and vertical facial height after removal of 4 first molars or first premolars","volume":"130","author":"Hans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Groisser\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Damon\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Amberman\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric changes in overbite and vertical facial height after removal of 4 first molars or first premolars.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2006;\n130(2):\n183\u2013188."},{"issue":"(62)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b16","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"9","article-title":"The cranial base: the postnatal development of the cranial base studied histologically on human autopsy material","volume":"32","author":"Melsen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Melsen\n              B.\n            \n          \n          The cranial base: the postnatal development of the cranial base studied histologically on human autopsy material.\nActa Odontol Scand.\n1974;\n32(62):\n9\u2013126."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg","first-page":"57","article-title":"The relationship between ramus height, dental height, and overbite","volume":"32","author":"Wylie","year":"1946","unstructured":"Wylie\n              WL.\n            \n          \n          The relationship between ramus height, dental height, and overbite.\nAm J Orthod Oral Surg.\n1946;\n32(2):\n57\u201367."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"75","article-title":"Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment","volume":"34","author":"Schudy","year":"1964","unstructured":"Schudy\n              FF.\n            \n          \n          Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment.\nAngle Orthod.\n1964;\n34(2):\n75\u201393."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"285","article-title":"Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex, its significance to treatment","volume":"37","author":"Creekmore","year":"1967","unstructured":"Creekmore\n              TD.\n            \n          \n          Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex, its significance to treatment.\nAngle Orthod.\n1967;\n37(4):\n285\u2013297."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of deep-bite cases","volume":"77","author":"Engel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Engel\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Cornforth\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Damerell\n              JM,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Treatment of deep-bite cases.\nAm J Orthod.\n1980;\n77(1):\n1\u201313.\ndoi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90220-1"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"349","article-title":"Change in overbite: a ten-year postretention study","volume":"64","author":"Simons","year":"1973","unstructured":"Simons\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Joondeph\n              DR.\n            \n          \n          Change in overbite: a ten-year postretention study.\nAm J Orthod.\n1973;\n64(4):\n349\u2013367."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"945","article-title":"Outcomes of two-phase orthodontic treatment of deepbite malocclusions","volume":"81","author":"Franchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Giuntini\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Masucci\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Vangelisti\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Defraia\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Outcomes of two-phase orthodontic treatment of deepbite malocclusions.\nAngle Orthod.\n2011;\n81(6):\n945\u2013952."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"75","article-title":"Early vs late orthodontic treatment of deepbite: a prospective clinical trial in growing subjects","volume":"142","author":"Baccetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Giuntini\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Masucci\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Vangelisti\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Defraia\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Early vs late orthodontic treatment of deepbite: a prospective clinical trial in growing subjects.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2012;\n142(1):\n75\u201382.\ndoi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.02.024"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b05","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"343","article-title":"Bite opening: a cephalometric analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bahador","year":"1944","unstructured":"Bahador\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Higley\n              LB.\n            \n          \n          Bite opening: a cephalometric analysis.\nJ Am Dent Assoc.\n1944;\n31(5):\n343\u2013352."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"42","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of growth in subjects using bite plate","volume":"26","author":"Belger","year":"1956","unstructured":"Belger\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric analysis of growth in subjects using bite plate.\nAngle Orthod.\n1956;\n26(1):\n42\u201349."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b07","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"512","article-title":"The effect of removable appliance therapy on the facial pattern","volume":"114","author":"Atherton","year":"1963","unstructured":"Atherton\n              JD.\n            \n          \n          The effect of removable appliance therapy on the facial pattern.\nBr Dent J.\n1963;\n114:\n512\u2013514."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b08","series-title":"Trans. Europ. Orthod. Soc","first-page":"375","article-title":"An investigation into the short and long term effects of the anterior bite plane on the occlusal relationship and facial form","author":"Richardson","year":"1963","unstructured":"Richardson\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Adams\n              CP.\n            \n          \n          An investigation into the short and long term effects of the anterior bite plane on the occlusal relationship and facial form.\nTrans. Europ. Orthod. Soc.\n1963:\n375\u2013383.\nPublished online."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"660","article-title":"Changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of bite plane therapy","volume":"67","author":"Menezes","year":"1975","unstructured":"Menezes\n              DM.\n            \n          \n          Changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of bite plane therapy.\nAm J Orthod.\n1975;\n67(6):\n660\u2013676."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"107","article-title":"The effect of a lingual arch appliance with anterior bite plane in deep overbite correction","volume":"6","author":"Forsberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Forsberg\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Hellsing\n              E.\n            \n          \n          The effect of a lingual arch appliance with anterior bite plane in deep overbite correction.\nEur J Orthod.\n1984;\n6(1):\n107\u2013115."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b11","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"An evidence-based approach to treatment of open bite and deep bite","volume":"8","author":"Hans","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Teng\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Liao\n              CC,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              YH,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              CY.\n            \n          \n          An evidence-based approach to treatment of open bite and deep bite.\nWorld J Orthod.\n2007;\n8(1)45\u201364."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"598","article-title":"The Broadbent-Bolton Growth Study\u2013past, present, and future","volume":"105","author":"Hans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Broadbent\n              BH,\n              Jr\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              SS.\n            \n          \n          The Broadbent-Bolton Growth Study\u2013past, present, and future.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1994;\n105(6):\n598\u2013603."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction","volume":"64","author":"Hans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Kishiyama\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Parker\n              SH,\n            \n            \n              Wolf\n              GR,\n            \n            \n              Noachtar\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction.\nAngle Orthod.\n1994;\n64(4):\n265\u2013274."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b14","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"Evidence of correction of open bite malocclusion using active vertical corrector treatment","volume":"5","author":"Bazzucchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bazzucchi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Powers\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Parker\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Evidence of correction of open bite malocclusion using active vertical corrector treatment.\nSemin Orthod.\n1999;\n5:\n110\u2013120."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"183","article-title":"Cephalometric changes in overbite and vertical facial height after removal of 4 first molars or first premolars","volume":"130","author":"Hans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hans\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Groisser\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Damon\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Amberman\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric changes in overbite and vertical facial height after removal of 4 first molars or first premolars.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2006;\n130(2):\n183\u2013188."},{"issue":"(62)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b16","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"9","article-title":"The cranial base: the postnatal development of the cranial base studied histologically on human autopsy material","volume":"32","author":"Melsen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Melsen\n              B.\n            \n          \n          The cranial base: the postnatal development of the cranial base studied histologically on human autopsy material.\nActa Odontol Scand.\n1974;\n32(62):\n9\u2013126."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg","first-page":"57","article-title":"The relationship between ramus height, dental height, and overbite","volume":"32","author":"Wylie","year":"1946","unstructured":"Wylie\n              WL.\n            \n          \n          The relationship between ramus height, dental height, and overbite.\nAm J Orthod Oral Surg.\n1946;\n32(2):\n57\u201367."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"75","article-title":"Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment","volume":"34","author":"Schudy","year":"1964","unstructured":"Schudy\n              FF.\n            \n          \n          Vertical growth versus anteroposterior growth as related to function and treatment.\nAngle Orthod.\n1964;\n34(2):\n75\u201393."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-93-5-507-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"285","article-title":"Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex, its significance to treatment","volume":"37","author":"Creekmore","year":"1967","unstructured":"Creekmore\n              TD.\n            \n          \n          Inhibition or stimulation of the vertical growth of the facial complex, its significance to treatment.\nAngle Orthod.\n1967;\n37(4):\n285\u2013297."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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