{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:05Z","timestamp":1780067105067,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess effectiveness of an experimental sterilization method based on the exposure of an O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n gas mixture directly inside the packaging for clear aligners.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifty samples consisting of pieces of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) aligners were contaminated by manual handling and subsequently divided into different groups (n = 30 for exposure to O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n gas at different times, n = 10 for positive control with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, n = 10 for negative control). The measurement of optical densities (OD) of the initial and final microbial cultures was recorded for all groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for differences between groups while Wilcoxon test was used to compare initial and final OD values within groups. Statistical significance was set at\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Comparison within the groups showed statistically significant differences for exposure to the gaseous mixture (72 hours), for positive and negative controls. Other significant differences were found in the multiple comparisons between the application of gaseous ozone (48 hours and 72 hours) and the negative control.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The direct exposure of gaseous ozone on the aligners inside their packaging showed microbicidal capacity at 72 hours, which was equivalent to the positive control with immersion in chlorhexidine digluconate. This innovative sterilization procedure could be considered in the final manufacturing processes of clear aligners to eliminate the potentially pathogenic microorganisms that are deposited on surfaces of these orthodontic devices.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/061623-421.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T19:04:17Z","timestamp":1704222257000},"page":"194-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of an experimental gaseous ozone-based sterilization method for clear aligners"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Nicita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Calapaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Alibrandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emidio","family":"Aquilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalia","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Sidoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b01","series-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita","first-page":"124","article-title":"Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact transmission","volume":"49","author":"La Rosa","year":"2013","unstructured":"La Rosa\n G,\n \n \n Fratini\n M,\n \n \n Della Libera\n S,\n \n \n Iaconelli\n M,\n \n \n Muscillo\n M.\n \n \n Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact transmission.\nAnn Ist Super Sanita.\n2013;\n49(2):\n124\u2013132. doi:10.4415\/ANN-13-02-0323771256"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b02","series-title":"J Pathog","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aerobiology and its role in the transmission of infectious diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Fernstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fernstrom\n A,\n \n \n Goldblatt\n M.\n \n \n Aerobiology and its role in the transmission of infectious diseases.\nJ Pathog.\n2013;2013:1\u201313. doi:10.1155\/2013\/493960"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b03","series-title":"J Occup Environ Med","first-page":"501","article-title":"Aerosol transmission of infectious disease","volume":"57","author":"Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones\n RM,\n \n \n Brosseau\n LM.\n \n \n Aerosol transmission of infectious disease.\nJ Occup Environ Med.\n2015;\n57(5):\n501\u2013508. doi:10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000448"},{"issue":"(13)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b04","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infection control in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Amato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amato\n A,\n \n \n Caggiano\n M,\n \n \n Amato\n M,\n \n \n Moccia\n G,\n \n \n Capunzo\n M,\n \n \n De Caro\n F.\n \n \n Infection control in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.\nInt J Environ Res Public Health.\n2020;\n17(13):\n1\u201312. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17134769"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b05","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"2038","article-title":"An alternative approach for the decontamination of hospital settings","volume":"13","author":"Moccia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moccia\n G,\n \n \n Motta\n O,\n \n \n Pironti\n C,\n \n \n Proto\n A,\n \n \n Capunzo\n M,\n \n \n De Caro\n F.\n \n \n An alternative approach for the decontamination of hospital settings.\nJ Infect Public Health.\n2020;\n13(12):\n2038\u20132044. doi:10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.09.020"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b06","series-title":"Clean Eng Technol","article-title":"Development of a new vapour phase methodology for textiles disinfection","volume":"4","author":"Pironti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pironti\n C,\n \n \n Motta\n O,\n \n \n Proto\n A.\n \n \n Development of a new vapour phase methodology for textiles disinfection.\nClean Eng Technol.\n2021;\n4. doi:10.1016\/j.clet.2021.100170"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b07","series-title":"Joining and Assembly of Medical Materials and Devices","first-page":"79","article-title":"The effects of sterilization on medical materials and welded devices","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rogers\n WJ.\n \n \n The effects of sterilization on medical materials and welded devices. In: Joining and Assembly of Medical Materials and Devices.\nElsevier Ltd.; 2013:79\u2013130. doi:10.1533\/9780857096425.1.79"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b08","series-title":"J Appl Microbiol","first-page":"837","article-title":"Ozonation as a clean technology for fresh produce industry and environment: sanitizer efficiency and wastewater quality","volume":"113","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosenblum\n J,\n \n \n Ge\n C,\n \n \n Bohrerova\n Z,\n \n \n Yousef\n A,\n \n \n Lee\n J.\n \n \n Ozonation as a clean technology for fresh produce industry and environment: sanitizer efficiency and wastewater quality.\nJ Appl Microbiol.\n2012;\n113(4):\n837\u2013845. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05393.x"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b09","series-title":"J Prev Med Hyg","first-page":"E48","article-title":"Water and air ozone treatment as an alternative sanitizing technology","volume":"58","author":"Martinelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinelli\n M,\n \n \n Giovannangeli\n F,\n \n \n Rotunno\n S,\n \n \n Trombetta\n CM,\n \n \n Montomoli\n E.\n \n \n Water and air ozone treatment as an alternative sanitizing technology.\nJ Prev Med Hyg.\n2017;\n58(1):\nE48\u2013E52. doi:10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2017.58.1.757"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b10","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","first-page":"559","article-title":"Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent","volume":"36","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma\n M,\n \n \n Hudson\n JB.\n \n \n Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent.\nAm J Infect Control.\n2008;\n36(8):\n559\u2013563. doi:10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.10.021"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b11","series-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med","first-page":"66","article-title":"Ozone therapy: a clinical review","volume":"2","author":"Elvis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elvis\n AM,\n \n \n Ekta\n JS.\n \n \n Ozone therapy: a clinical review.\nJ Nat Sci Biol Med.\n2011;\n2(1):\n66\u201370. doi:10.4103\/0976-9668.82319"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b12","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","first-page":"e23","article-title":"New developments in disinfection and sterilization","volume":"44","author":"Wallace","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wallace\n CA.\n \n \n New developments in disinfection and sterilization.\nAm J Infect Control.\n2016;\n44(5):\ne23\u2013e27. doi:10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.02.022"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b13","series-title":"Environ Sci Technol","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Decomposition of ozone in water in the presence of organic solutes acting as promoters and inhibitors of radical chain reactions","volume":"19","author":"Staehelln","year":"1985","unstructured":"Staehelln\n J,\n \n \n Hoigne\n J.\n \n \n Decomposition of ozone in water in the presence of organic solutes acting as promoters and inhibitors of radical chain reactions.\nEnviron Sci Technol.\n1985;\n19(12):\n1206\u20131213. doi:10.1021\/es00142a012"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b14","series-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc","first-page":"179","article-title":"Application of gaseous ozone for inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores","volume":"56","author":"Aydogan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aydogan\n A,\n \n \n Gurol\n MD.\n \n \n Application of gaseous ozone for inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores.\nJ Air Waste Manag Assoc.\n2006;\n56(2):\n179\u2013185. doi:10.1080\/10473289.2006.10464443"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b15","series-title":"Food Res Int","article-title":"Inactivation of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from the surface of alfalfa seeds and sprouts by combined antimicrobial treatments using ozone and electrolyzed water","volume":"136","author":"Mohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammad\n Z,\n \n \n Kalbasi-Ashtari\n A,\n \n \n Riskowski\n G,\n \n \n Juneja\n V,\n \n \n Castillo\n A.\n \n \n Inactivation of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from the surface of alfalfa seeds and sprouts by combined antimicrobial treatments using ozone and electrolyzed water.\nFood Res Int.\n2020;\n136. doi:10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109488"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b16","series-title":"J Hosp Infect","first-page":"213","article-title":"Effects of hand disinfection with alcohol hand rub, ozonized water, or soap and water: time for reconsideration","volume":"105","author":"Breidablik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breidablik\n HJ,\n \n \n Lysebo\n DE,\n \n \n Johannessen\n L,\n \n \n Skare,\n \n \n Andersen\n JR,\n \n \n Kleiven\n O.\n \n \n Effects of hand disinfection with alcohol hand rub, ozonized water, or soap and water: time for reconsideration? J Hosp Infect.\n2020;\n105(2):\n213\u2013215. doi:10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.014"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b17","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Antibiofilm effect of ozonized physiological saline solution on peri-implant\u2013related biofilm","volume":"92","author":"Tonon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tonon\n CC,\n \n \n Panariello\n BHD,\n \n \n Spolidorio\n DMP,\n \n \n Gossweiler\n AG,\n \n \n Duarte\n S.\n \n \n Antibiofilm effect of ozonized physiological saline solution on peri-implant\u2013related biofilm.\nJ Periodontol.\n2021;\n92(8):\n1151\u20131162. doi:10.1002\/JPER.20-0333"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b18","series-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J","first-page":"533","article-title":"Surface germicidal effects of ozone for microorganisms","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li\n CS,\n \n \n Wang\n YC.\n \n \n Surface germicidal effects of ozone for microorganisms.\nAm Ind Hyg Assoc J.\n2003;\n64(4):\n533\u2013537. doi:10.1080\/15428110308984851"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b19","series-title":"Sci Eng","first-page":"216","article-title":"Development of a practical method for using ozone gas as a virus decontaminating agent. Ozone","volume":"31","author":"Hudson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hudson\n JB,\n \n \n Sharma\n M,\n \n \n Vimalanathan\n S.\n \n \n Development of a practical method for using ozone gas as a virus decontaminating agent. Ozone\n \n Sci Eng\n .\n2009;\n31(3):\n216\u2013223. doi:10.1080\/01919510902747969"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b20","series-title":"J Food Prot","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Application of ozone for enhancing the microbiological safety and quality of foods: a review","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim\n JG,\n \n \n Yousef\n AE,\n \n \n Dave\n S.\n \n \n Application of ozone for enhancing the microbiological safety and quality of foods: a review.\nJ Food Prot.\n1999;\n62(9):\n1071\u20131087. doi:10.4315\/0362-028X-62.9.1071"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b21","series-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci","first-page":"56","article-title":"Invisible orthodontics-a review","volume":"15","author":"Hirani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirani\n S,\n \n \n Patel\n U,\n \n \n Patel\n N.\n \n \n Invisible orthodontics-a review.\nIOSR J Dent Med Sci.\n2016;\n15:56\u201362. doi:10.9790\/0853-1506145662"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b22","series-title":"Materials (Basel)","article-title":"Direct 3D printing of clear orthodontic aligners: current state and future possibilities","volume":"14","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tartaglia\n GM,\n \n \n Mapelli\n A,\n \n \n Maspero\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n Direct 3D printing of clear orthodontic aligners: current state and future possibilities.\nMaterials (Basel).\n2021;\n14(7). doi:10.3390\/ma14071799"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b23","series-title":"Life Saf Secur","first-page":"209","article-title":"Polymer materials for orthodontic use: an update on the properties and critical issues","volume":"10","author":"Nicita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nicita\n F,\n \n \n Donato\n L,\n \n \n Scimone\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n Polymer materials for orthodontic use: an update on the properties and critical issues.\nLife Saf Secur.\n2022;\n10:209\u2013214. doi:10.12882\/2283-7604.2022.12.12"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b24","series-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater","article-title":"Thermal and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners discs after molding process","volume":"126","author":"Pratto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pratto\n I,\n \n \n Busato\n MCA,\n \n \n Bittencourt\n PRS.\n \n \n Thermal and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners discs after molding process.\nJ Mech Behav Biomed Mater.\n2022;\n126. doi:10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104991"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b25","series-title":"Eur J Dent","article-title":"Chemical\u2013physical characterization of PET-G-based material for orthodontic use: preliminary evaluation of micro-Raman analysis","author":"Nicita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nicita\n F,\n \n \n D\u2019Amico\n C,\n \n \n Filardi\n V,\n \n et al.\n \n Chemical\u2013physical characterization of PET-G-based material for orthodontic use: preliminary evaluation of micro-Raman analysis.\nEur J Dent.\n2023;(EFirst). doi:10.1055\/s-0043-1764424"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b26","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"79","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite","volume":"97","author":"Vianna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vianna\n ME,\n \n \n Gomes\n BPFA,\n \n \n Berber\n VB,\n \n \n Zaia\n AA,\n \n \n Ferraz\n CCR,\n \n \n De Souza-Filho\n FJ.\n \n \n In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite.\nOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.\n2004;\n97(1):\n79\u201384. doi:10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00360-3"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b27","series-title":"Int J Food Microbiol","first-page":"169","article-title":"Growth curve prediction from optical density data","volume":"154","author":"Mytilinaios","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mytilinaios\n I,\n \n \n Salih\n M,\n \n \n Schofield\n HK,\n \n \n Lambert\n RJW.\n \n \n Growth curve prediction from optical density data.\nInt J Food Microbiol.\n2012;\n154(3):\n169\u2013176. doi:10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.035"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b28","series-title":"Mater Des","article-title":"A state-of-the-art guide to the sterilization of thermoplastic polymers and resin materials used in the additive manufacturing of medical devices","volume":"223","author":"Told","year":"2022","unstructured":"Told\n R,\n \n \n Ujfalusi\n Z,\n \n \n Pentek\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n A state-of-the-art guide to the sterilization of thermoplastic polymers and resin materials used in the additive manufacturing of medical devices.\nMater Des.\n2022;\n223. doi:10.1016\/j.matdes.2022.111119"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b29","series-title":"2019 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2019","article-title":"Evaluation of sterilization methods for medical devices","author":"Mubarak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mubarak\n MT,\n \n \n Ozsahin\n I,\n \n \n Ozsahin\n DiU.\n \n \n Evaluation of sterilization methods for medical devices. In: 2019 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2019; 2019. doi:10.1109\/ICASET.2019.8714223"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b30","series-title":"J Gen Appl Microbiol","first-page":"193","article-title":"Effects of ozone treatment on cell growth and ultrastructural changes in bacteria","volume":"48","author":"Thanomsub","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thanomsub\n B,\n \n \n Anupunpisit\n V,\n \n \n Chanphetch\n S,\n \n \n Watcharachaipong\n T,\n \n \n Poonkhum\n R,\n \n \n Srisukonth\n C.\n \n \n Effects of ozone treatment on cell growth and ultrastructural changes in bacteria.\nJ Gen Appl Microbiol.\n2002;\n48(4):\n193\u2013199. doi:10.2323\/jgam.48.193"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b31","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","article-title":"Effect of low-dose gaseous ozone on pathogenic bacteria","volume":"12","author":"Fontes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fontes\n B,\n \n \n Cattani Heimbecker\n AM,\n \n \n de Souza Brito\n G,\n \n et al.\n \n Effect of low-dose gaseous ozone on pathogenic bacteria.\nBMC Infect Dis.\n2012;\n12. doi:10.1186\/1471-2334-12-358"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b32","series-title":"Microorganisms","article-title":"Detrimental effect of ozone on pathogenic bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Rangel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rangel\n K,\n \n \n Cabral\n FO,\n \n \n Lechuga\n GC,\n \n et al.\n \n Detrimental effect of ozone on pathogenic bacteria.\nMicroorganisms.\n2022;\n10(1). doi:10.3390\/microorganisms10010040"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b33","series-title":"J Food Prot","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Bactericidal properties of ozone and its potential application as a terminal disinfectant","volume":"63","author":"Moore","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moore\n G,\n \n \n Griffith\n C,\n \n \n Peters\n A.\n \n \n Bactericidal properties of ozone and its potential application as a terminal disinfectant.\nJ Food Prot.\n2000;\n63(8):\n1100-1106. doi:10.4315\/0362-028X-63.8.1100"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b34","series-title":"J Appl Microbiol","first-page":"136","article-title":"Assessing the microbial oxidative stress mechanism of ozone treatment through the responses of Escherichia coli mutants","volume":"111","author":"Patil","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patil\n S,\n \n \n Valdramidis\n VP,\n \n \n Karatzas\n KAG,\n \n \n Cullen\n PJ,\n \n \n Bourke\n P.\n \n \n Assessing the microbial oxidative stress mechanism of ozone treatment through the responses of Escherichia coli mutants.\nJ Appl Microbiol.\n2011;\n111(1):\n136\u2013144. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05021.x"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b01","series-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita","first-page":"124","article-title":"Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact transmission","volume":"49","author":"La Rosa","year":"2013","unstructured":"La Rosa\n G,\n \n \n Fratini\n M,\n \n \n Della Libera\n S,\n \n \n Iaconelli\n M,\n \n \n Muscillo\n M.\n \n \n Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact transmission.\nAnn Ist Super Sanita.\n2013;\n49(2):\n124\u2013132. doi:10.4415\/ANN-13-02-0323771256"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b02","series-title":"J Pathog","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aerobiology and its role in the transmission of infectious diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Fernstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fernstrom\n A,\n \n \n Goldblatt\n M.\n \n \n Aerobiology and its role in the transmission of infectious diseases.\nJ Pathog.\n2013;2013:1\u201313. doi:10.1155\/2013\/493960"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b03","series-title":"J Occup Environ Med","first-page":"501","article-title":"Aerosol transmission of infectious disease","volume":"57","author":"Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones\n RM,\n \n \n Brosseau\n LM.\n \n \n Aerosol transmission of infectious disease.\nJ Occup Environ Med.\n2015;\n57(5):\n501\u2013508. doi:10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000448"},{"issue":"(13)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b04","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infection control in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Amato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amato\n A,\n \n \n Caggiano\n M,\n \n \n Amato\n M,\n \n \n Moccia\n G,\n \n \n Capunzo\n M,\n \n \n De Caro\n F.\n \n \n Infection control in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.\nInt J Environ Res Public Health.\n2020;\n17(13):\n1\u201312. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17134769"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b05","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"2038","article-title":"An alternative approach for the decontamination of hospital settings","volume":"13","author":"Moccia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moccia\n G,\n \n \n Motta\n O,\n \n \n Pironti\n C,\n \n \n Proto\n A,\n \n \n Capunzo\n M,\n \n \n De Caro\n F.\n \n \n An alternative approach for the decontamination of hospital settings.\nJ Infect Public Health.\n2020;\n13(12):\n2038\u20132044. doi:10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.09.020"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b06","series-title":"Clean Eng Technol","article-title":"Development of a new vapour phase methodology for textiles disinfection","volume":"4","author":"Pironti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pironti\n C,\n \n \n Motta\n O,\n \n \n Proto\n A.\n \n \n Development of a new vapour phase methodology for textiles disinfection.\nClean Eng Technol.\n2021;\n4. doi:10.1016\/j.clet.2021.100170"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b07","series-title":"Joining and Assembly of Medical Materials and Devices","first-page":"79","article-title":"The effects of sterilization on medical materials and welded devices","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rogers\n WJ.\n \n \n The effects of sterilization on medical materials and welded devices. In: Joining and Assembly of Medical Materials and Devices.\nElsevier Ltd.; 2013:79\u2013130. doi:10.1533\/9780857096425.1.79"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b08","series-title":"J Appl Microbiol","first-page":"837","article-title":"Ozonation as a clean technology for fresh produce industry and environment: sanitizer efficiency and wastewater quality","volume":"113","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosenblum\n J,\n \n \n Ge\n C,\n \n \n Bohrerova\n Z,\n \n \n Yousef\n A,\n \n \n Lee\n J.\n \n \n Ozonation as a clean technology for fresh produce industry and environment: sanitizer efficiency and wastewater quality.\nJ Appl Microbiol.\n2012;\n113(4):\n837\u2013845. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05393.x"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b09","series-title":"J Prev Med Hyg","first-page":"E48","article-title":"Water and air ozone treatment as an alternative sanitizing technology","volume":"58","author":"Martinelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinelli\n M,\n \n \n Giovannangeli\n F,\n \n \n Rotunno\n S,\n \n \n Trombetta\n CM,\n \n \n Montomoli\n E.\n \n \n Water and air ozone treatment as an alternative sanitizing technology.\nJ Prev Med Hyg.\n2017;\n58(1):\nE48\u2013E52. doi:10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2017.58.1.757"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b10","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","first-page":"559","article-title":"Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent","volume":"36","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma\n M,\n \n \n Hudson\n JB.\n \n \n Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent.\nAm J Infect Control.\n2008;\n36(8):\n559\u2013563. doi:10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.10.021"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b11","series-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med","first-page":"66","article-title":"Ozone therapy: a clinical review","volume":"2","author":"Elvis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elvis\n AM,\n \n \n Ekta\n JS.\n \n \n Ozone therapy: a clinical review.\nJ Nat Sci Biol Med.\n2011;\n2(1):\n66\u201370. doi:10.4103\/0976-9668.82319"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b12","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","first-page":"e23","article-title":"New developments in disinfection and sterilization","volume":"44","author":"Wallace","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wallace\n CA.\n \n \n New developments in disinfection and sterilization.\nAm J Infect Control.\n2016;\n44(5):\ne23\u2013e27. doi:10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.02.022"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b13","series-title":"Environ Sci Technol","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Decomposition of ozone in water in the presence of organic solutes acting as promoters and inhibitors of radical chain reactions","volume":"19","author":"Staehelln","year":"1985","unstructured":"Staehelln\n J,\n \n \n Hoigne\n J.\n \n \n Decomposition of ozone in water in the presence of organic solutes acting as promoters and inhibitors of radical chain reactions.\nEnviron Sci Technol.\n1985;\n19(12):\n1206\u20131213. doi:10.1021\/es00142a012"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b14","series-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc","first-page":"179","article-title":"Application of gaseous ozone for inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores","volume":"56","author":"Aydogan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aydogan\n A,\n \n \n Gurol\n MD.\n \n \n Application of gaseous ozone for inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores.\nJ Air Waste Manag Assoc.\n2006;\n56(2):\n179\u2013185. doi:10.1080\/10473289.2006.10464443"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b15","series-title":"Food Res Int","article-title":"Inactivation of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from the surface of alfalfa seeds and sprouts by combined antimicrobial treatments using ozone and electrolyzed water","volume":"136","author":"Mohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammad\n Z,\n \n \n Kalbasi-Ashtari\n A,\n \n \n Riskowski\n G,\n \n \n Juneja\n V,\n \n \n Castillo\n A.\n \n \n Inactivation of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from the surface of alfalfa seeds and sprouts by combined antimicrobial treatments using ozone and electrolyzed water.\nFood Res Int.\n2020;\n136. doi:10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109488"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b16","series-title":"J Hosp Infect","first-page":"213","article-title":"Effects of hand disinfection with alcohol hand rub, ozonized water, or soap and water: time for reconsideration","volume":"105","author":"Breidablik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breidablik\n HJ,\n \n \n Lysebo\n DE,\n \n \n Johannessen\n L,\n \n \n Skare,\n \n \n Andersen\n JR,\n \n \n Kleiven\n O.\n \n \n Effects of hand disinfection with alcohol hand rub, ozonized water, or soap and water: time for reconsideration? J Hosp Infect.\n2020;\n105(2):\n213\u2013215. doi:10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.014"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b17","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Antibiofilm effect of ozonized physiological saline solution on peri-implant\u2013related biofilm","volume":"92","author":"Tonon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tonon\n CC,\n \n \n Panariello\n BHD,\n \n \n Spolidorio\n DMP,\n \n \n Gossweiler\n AG,\n \n \n Duarte\n S.\n \n \n Antibiofilm effect of ozonized physiological saline solution on peri-implant\u2013related biofilm.\nJ Periodontol.\n2021;\n92(8):\n1151\u20131162. doi:10.1002\/JPER.20-0333"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b18","series-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J","first-page":"533","article-title":"Surface germicidal effects of ozone for microorganisms","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li\n CS,\n \n \n Wang\n YC.\n \n \n Surface germicidal effects of ozone for microorganisms.\nAm Ind Hyg Assoc J.\n2003;\n64(4):\n533\u2013537. doi:10.1080\/15428110308984851"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b19","series-title":"Sci Eng","first-page":"216","article-title":"Development of a practical method for using ozone gas as a virus decontaminating agent. Ozone","volume":"31","author":"Hudson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hudson\n JB,\n \n \n Sharma\n M,\n \n \n Vimalanathan\n S.\n \n \n Development of a practical method for using ozone gas as a virus decontaminating agent. Ozone\n \n Sci Eng\n .\n2009;\n31(3):\n216\u2013223. doi:10.1080\/01919510902747969"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b20","series-title":"J Food Prot","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Application of ozone for enhancing the microbiological safety and quality of foods: a review","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim\n JG,\n \n \n Yousef\n AE,\n \n \n Dave\n S.\n \n \n Application of ozone for enhancing the microbiological safety and quality of foods: a review.\nJ Food Prot.\n1999;\n62(9):\n1071\u20131087. doi:10.4315\/0362-028X-62.9.1071"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b21","series-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci","first-page":"56","article-title":"Invisible orthodontics-a review","volume":"15","author":"Hirani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirani\n S,\n \n \n Patel\n U,\n \n \n Patel\n N.\n \n \n Invisible orthodontics-a review.\nIOSR J Dent Med Sci.\n2016;\n15:56\u201362. doi:10.9790\/0853-1506145662"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b22","series-title":"Materials (Basel)","article-title":"Direct 3D printing of clear orthodontic aligners: current state and future possibilities","volume":"14","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tartaglia\n GM,\n \n \n Mapelli\n A,\n \n \n Maspero\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n Direct 3D printing of clear orthodontic aligners: current state and future possibilities.\nMaterials (Basel).\n2021;\n14(7). doi:10.3390\/ma14071799"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b23","series-title":"Life Saf Secur","first-page":"209","article-title":"Polymer materials for orthodontic use: an update on the properties and critical issues","volume":"10","author":"Nicita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nicita\n F,\n \n \n Donato\n L,\n \n \n Scimone\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n Polymer materials for orthodontic use: an update on the properties and critical issues.\nLife Saf Secur.\n2022;\n10:209\u2013214. doi:10.12882\/2283-7604.2022.12.12"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b24","series-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater","article-title":"Thermal and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners discs after molding process","volume":"126","author":"Pratto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pratto\n I,\n \n \n Busato\n MCA,\n \n \n Bittencourt\n PRS.\n \n \n Thermal and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners discs after molding process.\nJ Mech Behav Biomed Mater.\n2022;\n126. doi:10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104991"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b25","series-title":"Eur J Dent","article-title":"Chemical\u2013physical characterization of PET-G-based material for orthodontic use: preliminary evaluation of micro-Raman analysis","author":"Nicita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nicita\n F,\n \n \n D\u2019Amico\n C,\n \n \n Filardi\n V,\n \n et al.\n \n Chemical\u2013physical characterization of PET-G-based material for orthodontic use: preliminary evaluation of micro-Raman analysis.\nEur J Dent.\n2023;(EFirst). doi:10.1055\/s-0043-1764424"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b26","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"79","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite","volume":"97","author":"Vianna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vianna\n ME,\n \n \n Gomes\n BPFA,\n \n \n Berber\n VB,\n \n \n Zaia\n AA,\n \n \n Ferraz\n CCR,\n \n \n De Souza-Filho\n FJ.\n \n \n In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite.\nOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.\n2004;\n97(1):\n79\u201384. doi:10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00360-3"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b27","series-title":"Int J Food Microbiol","first-page":"169","article-title":"Growth curve prediction from optical density data","volume":"154","author":"Mytilinaios","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mytilinaios\n I,\n \n \n Salih\n M,\n \n \n Schofield\n HK,\n \n \n Lambert\n RJW.\n \n \n Growth curve prediction from optical density data.\nInt J Food Microbiol.\n2012;\n154(3):\n169\u2013176. doi:10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.035"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b28","series-title":"Mater Des","article-title":"A state-of-the-art guide to the sterilization of thermoplastic polymers and resin materials used in the additive manufacturing of medical devices","volume":"223","author":"Told","year":"2022","unstructured":"Told\n R,\n \n \n Ujfalusi\n Z,\n \n \n Pentek\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n A state-of-the-art guide to the sterilization of thermoplastic polymers and resin materials used in the additive manufacturing of medical devices.\nMater Des.\n2022;\n223. doi:10.1016\/j.matdes.2022.111119"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b29","series-title":"2019 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2019","article-title":"Evaluation of sterilization methods for medical devices","author":"Mubarak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mubarak\n MT,\n \n \n Ozsahin\n I,\n \n \n Ozsahin\n DiU.\n \n \n Evaluation of sterilization methods for medical devices. In: 2019 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2019; 2019. doi:10.1109\/ICASET.2019.8714223"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b30","series-title":"J Gen Appl Microbiol","first-page":"193","article-title":"Effects of ozone treatment on cell growth and ultrastructural changes in bacteria","volume":"48","author":"Thanomsub","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thanomsub\n B,\n \n \n Anupunpisit\n V,\n \n \n Chanphetch\n S,\n \n \n Watcharachaipong\n T,\n \n \n Poonkhum\n R,\n \n \n Srisukonth\n C.\n \n \n Effects of ozone treatment on cell growth and ultrastructural changes in bacteria.\nJ Gen Appl Microbiol.\n2002;\n48(4):\n193\u2013199. doi:10.2323\/jgam.48.193"},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b31","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","article-title":"Effect of low-dose gaseous ozone on pathogenic bacteria","volume":"12","author":"Fontes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fontes\n B,\n \n \n Cattani Heimbecker\n AM,\n \n \n de Souza Brito\n G,\n \n et al.\n \n Effect of low-dose gaseous ozone on pathogenic bacteria.\nBMC Infect Dis.\n2012;\n12. doi:10.1186\/1471-2334-12-358"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b32","series-title":"Microorganisms","article-title":"Detrimental effect of ozone on pathogenic bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Rangel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rangel\n K,\n \n \n Cabral\n FO,\n \n \n Lechuga\n GC,\n \n et al.\n \n Detrimental effect of ozone on pathogenic bacteria.\nMicroorganisms.\n2022;\n10(1). doi:10.3390\/microorganisms10010040"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b33","series-title":"J Food Prot","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Bactericidal properties of ozone and its potential application as a terminal disinfectant","volume":"63","author":"Moore","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moore\n G,\n \n \n Griffith\n C,\n \n \n Peters\n A.\n \n \n Bactericidal properties of ozone and its potential application as a terminal disinfectant.\nJ Food Prot.\n2000;\n63(8):\n1100-1106. doi:10.4315\/0362-028X-63.8.1100"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-94-2-194-b34","series-title":"J Appl Microbiol","first-page":"136","article-title":"Assessing the microbial oxidative stress mechanism of ozone treatment through the responses of Escherichia coli mutants","volume":"111","author":"Patil","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patil\n S,\n \n \n Valdramidis\n VP,\n \n \n Karatzas\n KAG,\n \n \n Cullen\n PJ,\n \n \n Bourke\n P.\n \n \n Assessing the microbial oxidative stress mechanism of ozone treatment through the responses of Escherichia coli mutants.\nJ Appl Microbiol.\n2011;\n111(1):\n136\u2013144. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05021.x"}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p194.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/94\/2\/194\/3333011\/i1945-7103-94-2-194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p194.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p194.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:22:24Z","timestamp":1780064544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p194.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/061623-421.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}