{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T03:31:09Z","timestamp":1781753469216,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To determine the effect of bracket type on halitosis, periodontal status, and microbial colonization.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Forty-six patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment (age 11\u201316\u00a0years) were selected from the orthodontic department of Suleyman Demirel University. Patients were divided into two groups with random distribution of brackets; 23 patients were treated with self-ligating brackets (group SLBs), the others with conventional brackets (group CBs). Halitosis measurements and periodontal and microbial records were obtained before the placement of brackets (T0), 1\u00a0week later (T1), and 5\u00a0weeks after bonding (T2). Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing index (BOP), were obtained from all the bonded teeth. Halitosis measurements were performed at the same time. Microbial samples were obtained from the buccal surfaces of all the bonded teeth. Data were analyzed by using a repeated-measurement analysis of variance test for the comparison of parameters between groups and times.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Periodontal parameters and halitosis results were higher in the CBs group than in the SLBs group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). In the SLBs group, halitosis and BOP values revealed no pronounced changes between T1 and T2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05). Intra- and intergroup comparisons showed that there were no statistically significant differences for microbial colonization between all the time intervals (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Bracket type has an effect on halitosis and periodontal status. Therefore, self-ligating brackets may be advised in order to prevent patients from developing halitosis and to increase the likelihood of good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/061913-461.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T13:46:13Z","timestamp":1383572773000},"page":"479-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effect of bracket type on halitosis, periodontal status, and microbial colonization"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Ruhi","family":"Nal\u00e7ac\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yener","family":"\u00d6zat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serpil","family":"\u00c7okako\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"T\u00fcrkkahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Isparta, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-479-b01","series-title":"Braz Oral Res","first-page":"466","article-title":"Halitosis: an overview of epidemiology, etiology and clinical management","volume":"25","author":"R\u00f6sing\n CK,","year":"2011","unstructured":"R\u00f6sing\n CK, \n \n Loesche\n W. \n \n Halitosis: an overview of epidemiology, etiology and clinical management. 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Am J Orthod. 1976;69:285\u2013300."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-479-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"275.e17","article-title":"Changes in the subgingival microbiota and periodontal parameters before and 3\u00a0months after bracket placement","volume":"130","author":"Naranjo\n AA,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naranjo\n AA, \n \n Trivi\u00f1o\n ML, \n \n Jaramillo\n A, \n \n Betancourth\n M, \n \n Botero\n JE. \n \n Changes in the subgingival microbiota and periodontal parameters before and 3\u00a0months after bracket placement. 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Braz J Oral Sci. 2011;10:208\u2013212."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-3-479-b35","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e193","article-title":"Biofilm retention by 3 methods of ligation on orthodontic brackets: a microbiologic and optical coherence tomography analysis","volume":"140","author":"Garcez\n AS,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garcez\n AS, \n \n Suzuki\n SS, \n \n Ribeiro\n MS, \n \n Mada\n EY, \n \n Freitas\n AZ, \n \n Suzuki\n H. \n \n Biofilm retention by 3 methods of ligation on orthodontic brackets: a microbiologic and optical coherence tomography analysis. 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