{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:42:29Z","timestamp":1780476149766,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the use of direct miniplate anchorage in conjunction with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) in treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Forty-eight females with skeletal Class II were randomly allocated to the Forsus plus miniplates (FMP) group (16 patients, age 12.5 \u00b1 0.9 years), Forsus alone (FFRD; 16 patients, age 12.1 \u00b1 0.9 years), or the untreated control group (16 subjects, age 12.1 \u00b1 0.9 years). After leveling and alignment, miniplates were inserted in the mandibular symphysis in the FMP group. The FFRD was inserted directly on the miniplates in the FMP group and onto the mandibular archwires in the FFRD group. The appliances were removed after reaching an edge-to-edge incisor relationship.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Data from 46 subjects were analyzed. The effective mandibular length significantly increased in the FMP group only (4.05 \u00b1 0.78). The mandibular incisors showed a significant proclination in the FFRD group (9.17 \u00b1 2.42) and a nonsignificant retroclination in the FMP group (\u22121.49 \u00b1 4.70). The failure rate of the miniplates was reported to be 13.3%.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The use of miniplates with the FFRD was successful in increasing the effective mandibular length in Class II malocclusion subjects in the short term. The miniplate-anchored FFRD eliminated the unfavorable mandibular incisor proclination in contrast to the conventional FFRD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/062018-468.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T10:37:19Z","timestamp":1546511839000},"page":"391-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Evaluation of the miniplate-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device in skeletal Class II growing subjects: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Sherif A.","family":"Elkordy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr M.","family":"Abouelezz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona M. S.","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and Professor Madya, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai H.","family":"Aboulfotouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehya A.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b01","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"192","article-title":"Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis","volume":"13","author":"Perillo \n L,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Padricelli \n G, \n \n \n Isola \n G, \n \n \n Femiano \n F, \n \n \n Chiodono \n P, \n \n \n Matarese \n G. \n \n \n Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:192\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b02","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"The Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device","volume":"40","author":"Vogt \n W,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vogt \n W, \n \n \n Jumper \n J. \n \n \n The Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device. J Clin Orthod. 2006;40:368\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Treatment effects of fixed functional appliances in patients with Class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Zymperdikas \n VF,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zymperdikas \n VF, \n \n \n Koretsi \n V, \n \n \n Papageorgiou \n SN, \n \n \n Papadopoulos \n MA. \n \n \n Treatment effects of fixed functional appliances in patients with Class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38:113\u2013126."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"612","article-title":"Fixed functional appliances with multibracket appliances have no skeletal effect on the mandible: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Ishaq \n RAR,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ishaq \n RAR, \n \n \n AlHammadi \n MS, \n \n \n Fayed \n MMS, \n \n \n AbouEl-Ezz \n A, \n \n \n Mostafa \n Y. \n \n \n Fixed functional appliances with multibracket appliances have no skeletal effect on the mandible: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:612\u2013624."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b05","series-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)","first-page":"S216","article-title":"Comparison between Herbst appliances with or without miniscrew anchorage","volume":"9","author":"Manni \n A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manni \n A, \n \n \n Pasini \n M, \n \n \n Mauro \n C. \n \n \n Comparison between Herbst appliances with or without miniscrew anchorage. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(suppl 2):S216\u2013S222."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"76","article-title":"Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device used with miniscrew anchorage","volume":"84","author":"Aslan \n BI,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aslan \n BI, \n \n \n Kucukkaraca \n E, \n \n \n Turkoz \n C, \n \n \n Dincer \n M. \n \n \n Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device used with miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:76\u201387."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"292","article-title":"Three-dimensional effects of the mini-implant-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Elkordy \n S,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elkordy \n S, \n \n \n Abouelezz \n AM, \n \n \n Fayed \n MMS, \n \n \n Attia \n KH, \n \n \n Ishaq \n RAR, \n \n \n Mostafa \n YA. \n \n \n Three-dimensional effects of the mini-implant-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:292\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction","volume":"115","author":"Umemori \n M,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Umemori \n M, \n \n \n Sugawara \n J, \n \n \n Mitani \n H, \n \n \n Nagasaka \n H, \n \n \n Kawamura \n H. \n \n \n Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:166\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Patients' and orthodontists' perceptions of miniplates used for temporary skeletal anchorage: a prospective study","volume":"133","author":"Cornelis \n M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cornelis \n M, \n \n \n Scheffler \n N, \n \n \n Nyssen-Behets \n C, \n \n \n De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Tulloch \n J. \n \n \n Patients' and orthodontists' perceptions of miniplates used for temporary skeletal anchorage: a prospective study. Am J Orthod. 2008;133:18\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"189.e1","article-title":"A comparison of miniplates and teeth for orthodontic anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Kim \n S,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim \n S, \n \n \n Herring \n S, \n \n \n Wang \n I, \n \n et al. \n A comparison of miniplates and teeth for orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:189.e1\u20139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck \n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T. \n \n \n Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:577\u2013581."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"306","article-title":"Treatment effects of skeletally-anchored Forsus FRD EZ and Herbst appliances: a retrospective clinical study","volume":"86","author":"Celikoglu \n M,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Celikoglu \n M, \n \n \n Buyuk \n SK, \n \n \n Ekizer \n A, \n \n \n Unal \n T. \n \n \n Treatment effects of skeletally-anchored Forsus FRD EZ and Herbst appliances: a retrospective clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:306\u2013314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"413","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of skeletal anchoraged Forsus FRD using miniplates inserted on mandibular symphysis","volume":"85","author":"Unal \n T,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Unal \n T, \n \n \n Celikoglu \n M, \n \n \n Candirli \n C. \n \n \n Evaluation of the effects of skeletal anchoraged Forsus FRD using miniplates inserted on mandibular symphysis. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:413\u2013419."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Effects of miniplate-anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion","volume":"86","author":"Turkkahraman \n H,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turkkahraman \n H, \n \n \n Eliacik \n SK, \n \n \n Findik \n Y. \n \n \n Effects of miniplate-anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:1026\u20131032."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b15","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"62","article-title":"Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: part I","volume":"31","author":"Hajeer \n MY,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hajeer \n MY, \n \n \n Millett \n DT, \n \n \n Ayoub \n AF, \n \n \n Siebert \n JP. \n \n \n Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: part I. J Orthod. 2004;31:62\u201370."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b16","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"31","article-title":"Validity of 2D lateral cephalometry in orthodontics: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Dur\u00e3o \n AR,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dur\u00e3o \n AR, \n \n \n Pittayapat \n P, \n \n \n Rockenbach \n MIB, \n \n et al. \n Validity of 2D lateral cephalometry in orthodontics: a systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:31."},{"issue":"173187","key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b17","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison between an acrylic splint herbst and an acrylic splint miniscrew-Herbst for mandibular incisors proclination control","author":"Manni \n A,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manni \n A, \n \n \n Pasini \n M, \n \n \n Mazzotta \n L, \n \n \n Fiore \n V, \n \n \n Mutelli \n S. \n \n \n Comparison between an acrylic splint herbst and an acrylic splint miniscrew-Herbst for mandibular incisors proclination control. Int J Dent. 2014;(173187):1\u20137."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"859","article-title":"Anteroposterior and vertical components of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion","volume":"79","author":"Al-Khateeb \n E,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Khateeb \n E, \n \n \n Al-Khateeb \n S. \n \n \n Anteroposterior and vertical components of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:859\u2013866."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Anteroposterior dental arch and jaw-base relationships in a population sample","volume":"78","author":"Zhou \n L,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou \n L, \n \n \n Mok \n C-W, \n \n \n H\u00e4gg \n U, \n \n \n McGrath \n C, \n \n \n Bendeus \n M, \n \n \n Wu \n J. \n \n \n Anteroposterior dental arch and jaw-base relationships in a population sample. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:1023\u20131029."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"115","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in standing height and mandibular parameters between the ages of 8 and 17 years","volume":"80","author":"Bishara \n SE,","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bishara \n SE, \n \n \n Jamison \n JE, \n \n \n Peterson \n LC, \n \n \n DeKock \n WH. \n \n \n Longitudinal changes in standing height and mandibular parameters between the ages of 8 and 17 years. Am J Orthod. 1981;80:115\u2013135."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b21","series-title":"J Child Orthop","first-page":"467","article-title":"Skeletal and chronological ages in American adolescents: current findings in skeletal maturation","volume":"4","author":"Calfee \n R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calfee \n R, \n \n \n Sutter \n M, \n \n \n Steffen \n J, \n \n \n Goldfarb \n C. \n \n \n Skeletal and chronological ages in American adolescents: current findings in skeletal maturation. J Child Orthop. 2010;4:467\u2013470."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b22","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA. \n \n \n The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:119\u2013129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"125","article-title":"Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion","volume":"134","author":"Stahl \n F,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stahl \n F, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n J. \n \n \n Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:125\u2013137."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b24","series-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","first-page":"4","article-title":"Testing for baseline differences in randomized controlled trials: an unhealthy research behavior that is hard to eradicate","volume":"12","author":"de Boer \n MR,","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Boer \n MR, \n \n \n Waterlander \n WE, \n \n \n Kuijper \n LDJ, \n \n \n Steenhuis \n IHM, \n \n \n Twisk \n JWR. \n \n \n Testing for baseline differences in randomized controlled trials: an unhealthy research behavior that is hard to eradicate. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:4."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b25","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"93","article-title":"Balancing the books on orthodontic treatment: an integrated analysis of change","volume":"23","author":"Johnston \n LE.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johnston \n LE. \n \n \n Balancing the books on orthodontic treatment: an integrated analysis of change. Br J Orthod. 1996;23:93\u2013102."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b26","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"302","article-title":"A cephalometric comparative study of class II correction with Sabbagh universal spring (SUS2) and Forsus FRD appliances","volume":"6","author":"Oztoprak \n MO,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oztoprak \n MO, \n \n \n Nalbantgil \n D, \n \n \n Uyanlar \n A, \n \n \n Arun \n T. \n \n \n A cephalometric comparative study of class II correction with Sabbagh universal spring (SUS2) and Forsus FRD appliances. Eur J Dent. 2012;6:302\u2013310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b01","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"192","article-title":"Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis","volume":"13","author":"Perillo \n L,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Padricelli \n G, \n \n \n Isola \n G, \n \n \n Femiano \n F, \n \n \n Chiodono \n P, \n \n \n Matarese \n G. \n \n \n Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:192\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b02","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"The Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device","volume":"40","author":"Vogt \n W,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vogt \n W, \n \n \n Jumper \n J. \n \n \n The Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device. J Clin Orthod. 2006;40:368\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Treatment effects of fixed functional appliances in patients with Class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Zymperdikas \n VF,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zymperdikas \n VF, \n \n \n Koretsi \n V, \n \n \n Papageorgiou \n SN, \n \n \n Papadopoulos \n MA. \n \n \n Treatment effects of fixed functional appliances in patients with Class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38:113\u2013126."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"612","article-title":"Fixed functional appliances with multibracket appliances have no skeletal effect on the mandible: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Ishaq \n RAR,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ishaq \n RAR, \n \n \n AlHammadi \n MS, \n \n \n Fayed \n MMS, \n \n \n AbouEl-Ezz \n A, \n \n \n Mostafa \n Y. \n \n \n Fixed functional appliances with multibracket appliances have no skeletal effect on the mandible: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:612\u2013624."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b05","series-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)","first-page":"S216","article-title":"Comparison between Herbst appliances with or without miniscrew anchorage","volume":"9","author":"Manni \n A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manni \n A, \n \n \n Pasini \n M, \n \n \n Mauro \n C. \n \n \n Comparison between Herbst appliances with or without miniscrew anchorage. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(suppl 2):S216\u2013S222."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"76","article-title":"Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device used with miniscrew anchorage","volume":"84","author":"Aslan \n BI,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aslan \n BI, \n \n \n Kucukkaraca \n E, \n \n \n Turkoz \n C, \n \n \n Dincer \n M. \n \n \n Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device used with miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:76\u201387."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"292","article-title":"Three-dimensional effects of the mini-implant-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Elkordy \n S,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elkordy \n S, \n \n \n Abouelezz \n AM, \n \n \n Fayed \n MMS, \n \n \n Attia \n KH, \n \n \n Ishaq \n RAR, \n \n \n Mostafa \n YA. \n \n \n Three-dimensional effects of the mini-implant-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:292\u2013305."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction","volume":"115","author":"Umemori \n M,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Umemori \n M, \n \n \n Sugawara \n J, \n \n \n Mitani \n H, \n \n \n Nagasaka \n H, \n \n \n Kawamura \n H. \n \n \n Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:166\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Patients' and orthodontists' perceptions of miniplates used for temporary skeletal anchorage: a prospective study","volume":"133","author":"Cornelis \n M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cornelis \n M, \n \n \n Scheffler \n N, \n \n \n Nyssen-Behets \n C, \n \n \n De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Tulloch \n J. \n \n \n Patients' and orthodontists' perceptions of miniplates used for temporary skeletal anchorage: a prospective study. Am J Orthod. 2008;133:18\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"189.e1","article-title":"A comparison of miniplates and teeth for orthodontic anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Kim \n S,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim \n S, \n \n \n Herring \n S, \n \n \n Wang \n I, \n \n et al. \n A comparison of miniplates and teeth for orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:189.e1\u20139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck \n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck \n H, \n \n \n Cevidanes \n L, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T. \n \n \n Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:577\u2013581."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"306","article-title":"Treatment effects of skeletally-anchored Forsus FRD EZ and Herbst appliances: a retrospective clinical study","volume":"86","author":"Celikoglu \n M,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Celikoglu \n M, \n \n \n Buyuk \n SK, \n \n \n Ekizer \n A, \n \n \n Unal \n T. \n \n \n Treatment effects of skeletally-anchored Forsus FRD EZ and Herbst appliances: a retrospective clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:306\u2013314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"413","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of skeletal anchoraged Forsus FRD using miniplates inserted on mandibular symphysis","volume":"85","author":"Unal \n T,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Unal \n T, \n \n \n Celikoglu \n M, \n \n \n Candirli \n C. \n \n \n Evaluation of the effects of skeletal anchoraged Forsus FRD using miniplates inserted on mandibular symphysis. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:413\u2013419."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Effects of miniplate-anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion","volume":"86","author":"Turkkahraman \n H,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turkkahraman \n H, \n \n \n Eliacik \n SK, \n \n \n Findik \n Y. \n \n \n Effects of miniplate-anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:1026\u20131032."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-391-b15","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"62","article-title":"Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: part I","volume":"31","author":"Hajeer \n MY,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hajeer \n MY, \n \n \n Millett \n DT, \n \n \n Ayoub \n AF, \n \n \n Siebert \n JP. \n \n \n Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: part I. 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