{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:34:57Z","timestamp":1793385297710,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the infrazygomatic crest (IZC) and palatal bone width, height, and angulation in patients with different vertical facial growth types as potential miniscrew insertion sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study, 162 subjects (81 males and 81 females, mean age 16.05 \u00b1 0.65 years) were included. They were divided into three groups (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent) based on the Frankfort mandibular plane angle. Ten buccal bone measurements were made at two different coronal sections: maxillary first molar mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots (bilaterally). Six palatal bone measurements were made on a sagittal section at the maxillary central incisors (bilaterally). A total of 32 measurements per subject were considered in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant difference was observed for the IZC (width and angle) at the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root. A comparison of normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups for buccal width at the distobuccal root of the first molar showed significant differences. Palatal bone thickness at the level of 2 mm distal to the apex of the central incisor was significantly higher for the hyperdivergent group (10.43 mm) compared with the normodivergent (7.58 mm) and hypodivergent groups (7.83 mm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperdivergent subjects tend to present a longer and deeper IZC and increased palatal bone thickness compared with other groups. The recommended insertion angle for the IZC mini-implant at 3 mm from the alveolar crest should be between 75.5\u00b0 and 77\u00b0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/062023-430.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T19:03:55Z","timestamp":1704827035000},"page":"313-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Variability associated with maxillary infrazygomatic crest and palatal bone width, height, and angulation in subjects with different vertical facial growth types: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Bhumika","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"De Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jansen","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sekula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Gioia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Gudhimella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"Miniscrews failure rate in orthodontics:systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Alharbi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alharbi\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Almuzian\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Bearn\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Miniscrews failure rate in orthodontics:systematic review and meta-analysis.\nEur J Orthod.\n2018;\n40:519\u2013530."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"767","article-title":"Survival of palatal miniscrews used for orthodontic appliance anchorage: retrospective cohort study","volume":"143","author":"Karagkiolidou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karagkiolidou\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ludwig\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Pazera\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Gkantidis\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Pandis\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Katsaros\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Survival of palatal miniscrews used for orthodontic appliance anchorage: retrospective cohort study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n143:767\u2013772."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"66","article-title":"Midpalatal miniscrews for orthodontic anchorage: factors affecting clinical success","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n              YH,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              JY,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              KE,\n            \n            \n              Gianelly\n              AA.\n            \n          \n          Midpalatal miniscrews for orthodontic anchorage: factors affecting clinical success.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n137:66\u201372."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"756","article-title":"Survival estimates and risk factors for failure of palatal and buccal mini-implants","volume":"91","author":"Arqub","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arqub\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Gandhi\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Mehta\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Palo\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yadav\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Survival estimates and risk factors for failure of palatal and buccal mini-implants.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91(6):756\u2013763."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b05","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"100","article-title":"A prospective study of the risk factors associated with failure of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Tseng\n              IY,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n              Kok\n              SH.\n            \n          \n          A prospective study of the risk factors associated with failure of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage.\nInt J Oral Maxillofac Implants.\n2004;\n19:100\u2013106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b06","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"162","article-title":"Parameters affecting primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants","volume":"67","author":"Wilmes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilmes\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Rademacher\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Olthoff\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Drescher\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Parameters affecting primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants.\nJ Orofac Orthop.\n2006;\n67:162\u2013174."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"994","article-title":"Stability changes of miniscrew implants over time","volume":"81","author":"Ure","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ure\n              DS,\n            \n            \n              Oliver\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              KB,\n            \n            \n              Melo\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Bushchang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Stability changes of miniscrew implants over time.\nAngle Orthod.\n2011;\n81:994\u20131000."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"59","article-title":"Variability associated with mandibular buccal shelf area width and height in subjects with different growth pattern, sex, and growth status","volume":"159","author":"Gandhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gandhi\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Tadinada\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Yadav\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Variability associated with mandibular buccal shelf area width and height in subjects with different growth pattern, sex, and growth status.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2021;\n159(1):59\u201370."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b09","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"455","article-title":"The zygoma anchorage system","volume":"36","author":"De Clerck","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Geerinckx\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Siciliano\n              S.\n            \n          \n          The zygoma anchorage system.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2002;\n36(8):455\u2013459."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"352","article-title":"A computed tomographic image study on the thickness of the infrazygomatic crest of the maxilla and its clinical implications for miniscrew insertion","volume":"131","author":"Liou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liou\n              EJ,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              PH,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              YC,\n            \n            \n              Lin\n              JC.\n            \n          \n          A computed tomographic image study on the thickness of the infrazygomatic crest of the maxilla and its clinical implications for miniscrew insertion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2007;\n131(3):352\u2013356."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Total arch maxillary distalization using infrazygomatic crest miniscrews in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: a prospective study","volume":"93","author":"Rosa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosa\n              WGN,\n            \n            \n              de Almeida-Pedrin\n              RR,\n            \n            \n              Oltramari\n              PVP,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Total arch maxillary distalization using infrazygomatic crest miniscrews in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: a prospective study.\nAngle Orthod.\n2023;\n93(1):41\u201348."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"290","article-title":"Biomechanics of skeletal anchorage. Part 2: Class II nonextraction treatment","volume":"40","author":"De Clerck","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              HJ,\n            \n            \n              Cornelis\n              MA.\n            \n          \n          Biomechanics of skeletal anchorage. Part 2: Class II nonextraction treatment.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2006;\n40(5):290\u2013298."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Paramedian vertical palatal bone height for mini-implant insertion: systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Winsauer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winsauer\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Vlachojannis\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Bumann\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Vlachojannis\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Chrubasik\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Paramedian vertical palatal bone height for mini-implant insertion: systematic review.\nEur J Orthod.\n2014;\n36(5):541\u2013519."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b14","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness for the placement of orthodontic miniscrews in adults with different facial types","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Qiu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              He\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Fan\n              X.\n            \n          \n          Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness for the placement of orthodontic miniscrews in adults with different facial types.\nSaudi Med J.\n2017;\n38(10):1051\u20131057."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with CBCT in patients with different facial types","volume":"143","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozdemir\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Tozlu\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Germec-Cakan\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with CBCT in patients with different facial types.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n143(2):190\u2013196."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b16","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"770","article-title":"3D comparison of dimension of infrazygomatic crest region in different vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Murugesan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murugesan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Jain\n              RK.\n            \n          \n          3D comparison of dimension of infrazygomatic crest region in different vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study.\nInt Orthod.\n2020;\n18(4):770\u2013775."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"495","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites","volume":"139","author":"Farnsworth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farnsworth\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Rossouw\n              PE,\n            \n            \n              Ceen\n              RF,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2011;\n139(4):495\u2013503."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b18","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"48","article-title":"Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi\n              SH,\n            \n            \n              Jeon\n              JY,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ,\n            \n            \n              Hwang\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment.\nOrthod Craniofac Res.\n2021;\n24:48\u201358."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b19","series-title":"Implant Dent","first-page":"22","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation on the effect of maxillary dentition distalization with miniscrews implanted in the infrazygomatic crest","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Luo\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Li\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Ding\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Three-dimensional evaluation on the effect of maxillary dentition distalization with miniscrews implanted in the infrazygomatic crest.\nImplant Dent.\n2018;\n27(1):22\u201327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"656","article-title":"Influence of orthodontic mini-implant penetration of the maxillary sinus in the infrazygomatic crest region","volume":"153","author":"Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Huang\n              X.\n            \n          \n          Influence of orthodontic mini-implant penetration of the maxillary sinus in the infrazygomatic crest region.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153:656\u2013661."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b21","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"345","article-title":"Evaluation of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions in different vertical face growth patterns: a study of cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"75","author":"Ok\u015fayan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ok\u015fayan\n              R,\n            \n            \n              S\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Ye\u015fildal\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Evaluation of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions in different vertical face growth patterns: a study of cone-beam computed tomography.\nActa Odontol Scand.\n2017;\n75(5):345\u2013349."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b22","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"The importance of masticatory muscle function in dentofacial growth","volume":"12","author":"Kiliaridis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiliaridis\n              S.\n            \n          \n          The importance of masticatory muscle function in dentofacial growth.\nSemin Orthod.\n2006;\n12:110\u2013119."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"917","article-title":"Assessment of infrazygomatic crest dimensions in different vertical facial growth types for miniscrew insertion: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"162","author":"Husseini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Husseini\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Younes\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Baumgaertel\n              S,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Assessment of infrazygomatic crest dimensions in different vertical facial growth types for miniscrew insertion: a cone-beam computed tomography study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n162(6):917\u2013926."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b24","series-title":"Research, Society and Development","first-page":"e54211528496","article-title":"Simulation of the clinical procedure by digital intraoral palpation of the greatest prominence of the infrazygomatic crest for mini-implants insertion","volume":"11","author":"Antelo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antelo\n              OM,\n            \n            \n              Saga\n              AY,\n            \n            \n              Reyes\n              AA,\n            \n            \n              Meira\n              TM,\n            \n            \n              Ign\u00e1cio\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Tanaka\n              OM.\n            \n          \n          Simulation of the clinical procedure by digital intraoral palpation of the greatest prominence of the infrazygomatic crest for mini-implants insertion.\nResearch, Society and Development.\n2022;\n11(5):e54211528496."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"185","article-title":"Bone thickness and height of the buccal shelf area and the mandibular canal position for miniscrew insertion in patients with different vertical facial patterns, age, and sex","volume":"93","author":"Eto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eto\n              VM,\n            \n            \n              Figueiredo\n              NC,\n            \n            \n              Eto\n              LF,\n            \n            \n              Azevedo\n              GM,\n            \n            \n              Silva\n              AIV,\n            \n            \n              Andrade\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Bone thickness and height of the buccal shelf area and the mandibular canal position for miniscrew insertion in patients with different vertical facial patterns, age, and sex.\nAngle Orthod.\n2023;\n93(2):185\u2013194."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b26","series-title":"Imaging Sci Dent","first-page":"51","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness in patients with normal and open vertical skeletal configurations using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"48","author":"Suteerapongpun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suteerapongpun\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Wattanachai\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Janhom\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Tripuwabhrut\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Jotikasthira\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness in patients with normal and open vertical skeletal configurations using cone-beam computed tomography.\nImaging Sci Dent.\n2018;\n48(1):51\u201357."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b27","series-title":"Open Dent J","first-page":"287","article-title":"Relationship between the thickness of cortical bone at maxillary mid-palatal area and facial height using CBCT","volume":"9","author":"Johari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johari\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kaviani\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Saeedi\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Relationship between the thickness of cortical bone at maxillary mid-palatal area and facial height using CBCT.\nOpen Dent J.\n2015;\n9:287\u2013291."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"Miniscrews failure rate in orthodontics:systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Alharbi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alharbi\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Almuzian\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Bearn\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Miniscrews failure rate in orthodontics:systematic review and meta-analysis.\nEur J Orthod.\n2018;\n40:519\u2013530."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"767","article-title":"Survival of palatal miniscrews used for orthodontic appliance anchorage: retrospective cohort study","volume":"143","author":"Karagkiolidou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karagkiolidou\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ludwig\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Pazera\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Gkantidis\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Pandis\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Katsaros\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Survival of palatal miniscrews used for orthodontic appliance anchorage: retrospective cohort study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n143:767\u2013772."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"66","article-title":"Midpalatal miniscrews for orthodontic anchorage: factors affecting clinical success","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n              YH,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              JY,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              KE,\n            \n            \n              Gianelly\n              AA.\n            \n          \n          Midpalatal miniscrews for orthodontic anchorage: factors affecting clinical success.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n137:66\u201372."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"756","article-title":"Survival estimates and risk factors for failure of palatal and buccal mini-implants","volume":"91","author":"Arqub","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arqub\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Gandhi\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Mehta\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Palo\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yadav\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Survival estimates and risk factors for failure of palatal and buccal mini-implants.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91(6):756\u2013763."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b05","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"100","article-title":"A prospective study of the risk factors associated with failure of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Tseng\n              IY,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n              Kok\n              SH.\n            \n          \n          A prospective study of the risk factors associated with failure of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage.\nInt J Oral Maxillofac Implants.\n2004;\n19:100\u2013106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b06","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"162","article-title":"Parameters affecting primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants","volume":"67","author":"Wilmes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilmes\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Rademacher\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Olthoff\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Drescher\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Parameters affecting primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants.\nJ Orofac Orthop.\n2006;\n67:162\u2013174."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"994","article-title":"Stability changes of miniscrew implants over time","volume":"81","author":"Ure","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ure\n              DS,\n            \n            \n              Oliver\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              KB,\n            \n            \n              Melo\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Bushchang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Stability changes of miniscrew implants over time.\nAngle Orthod.\n2011;\n81:994\u20131000."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"59","article-title":"Variability associated with mandibular buccal shelf area width and height in subjects with different growth pattern, sex, and growth status","volume":"159","author":"Gandhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gandhi\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Tadinada\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Yadav\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Variability associated with mandibular buccal shelf area width and height in subjects with different growth pattern, sex, and growth status.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2021;\n159(1):59\u201370."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b09","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"455","article-title":"The zygoma anchorage system","volume":"36","author":"De Clerck","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Geerinckx\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Siciliano\n              S.\n            \n          \n          The zygoma anchorage system.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2002;\n36(8):455\u2013459."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"352","article-title":"A computed tomographic image study on the thickness of the infrazygomatic crest of the maxilla and its clinical implications for miniscrew insertion","volume":"131","author":"Liou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liou\n              EJ,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              PH,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              YC,\n            \n            \n              Lin\n              JC.\n            \n          \n          A computed tomographic image study on the thickness of the infrazygomatic crest of the maxilla and its clinical implications for miniscrew insertion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2007;\n131(3):352\u2013356."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Total arch maxillary distalization using infrazygomatic crest miniscrews in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: a prospective study","volume":"93","author":"Rosa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosa\n              WGN,\n            \n            \n              de Almeida-Pedrin\n              RR,\n            \n            \n              Oltramari\n              PVP,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Total arch maxillary distalization using infrazygomatic crest miniscrews in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: a prospective study.\nAngle Orthod.\n2023;\n93(1):41\u201348."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"290","article-title":"Biomechanics of skeletal anchorage. Part 2: Class II nonextraction treatment","volume":"40","author":"De Clerck","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              HJ,\n            \n            \n              Cornelis\n              MA.\n            \n          \n          Biomechanics of skeletal anchorage. Part 2: Class II nonextraction treatment.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2006;\n40(5):290\u2013298."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Paramedian vertical palatal bone height for mini-implant insertion: systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Winsauer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winsauer\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Vlachojannis\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Bumann\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Vlachojannis\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Chrubasik\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Paramedian vertical palatal bone height for mini-implant insertion: systematic review.\nEur J Orthod.\n2014;\n36(5):541\u2013519."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b14","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness for the placement of orthodontic miniscrews in adults with different facial types","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Qiu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              He\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Fan\n              X.\n            \n          \n          Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness for the placement of orthodontic miniscrews in adults with different facial types.\nSaudi Med J.\n2017;\n38(10):1051\u20131057."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with CBCT in patients with different facial types","volume":"143","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozdemir\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Tozlu\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Germec-Cakan\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with CBCT in patients with different facial types.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n143(2):190\u2013196."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b16","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"770","article-title":"3D comparison of dimension of infrazygomatic crest region in different vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Murugesan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murugesan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Jain\n              RK.\n            \n          \n          3D comparison of dimension of infrazygomatic crest region in different vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective study.\nInt Orthod.\n2020;\n18(4):770\u2013775."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"495","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites","volume":"139","author":"Farnsworth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farnsworth\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Rossouw\n              PE,\n            \n            \n              Ceen\n              RF,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2011;\n139(4):495\u2013503."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b18","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"48","article-title":"Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi\n              SH,\n            \n            \n              Jeon\n              JY,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ,\n            \n            \n              Hwang\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non\u2010surgical orthodontic treatment.\nOrthod Craniofac Res.\n2021;\n24:48\u201358."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b19","series-title":"Implant Dent","first-page":"22","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation on the effect of maxillary dentition distalization with miniscrews implanted in the infrazygomatic crest","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Luo\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Li\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Ding\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Three-dimensional evaluation on the effect of maxillary dentition distalization with miniscrews implanted in the infrazygomatic crest.\nImplant Dent.\n2018;\n27(1):22\u201327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"656","article-title":"Influence of orthodontic mini-implant penetration of the maxillary sinus in the infrazygomatic crest region","volume":"153","author":"Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Huang\n              X.\n            \n          \n          Influence of orthodontic mini-implant penetration of the maxillary sinus in the infrazygomatic crest region.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153:656\u2013661."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b21","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"345","article-title":"Evaluation of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions in different vertical face growth patterns: a study of cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"75","author":"Ok\u015fayan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ok\u015fayan\n              R,\n            \n            \n              S\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Ye\u015fildal\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Evaluation of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions in different vertical face growth patterns: a study of cone-beam computed tomography.\nActa Odontol Scand.\n2017;\n75(5):345\u2013349."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b22","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"The importance of masticatory muscle function in dentofacial growth","volume":"12","author":"Kiliaridis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiliaridis\n              S.\n            \n          \n          The importance of masticatory muscle function in dentofacial growth.\nSemin Orthod.\n2006;\n12:110\u2013119."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"917","article-title":"Assessment of infrazygomatic crest dimensions in different vertical facial growth types for miniscrew insertion: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"162","author":"Husseini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Husseini\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Younes\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Baumgaertel\n              S,\n            \n            et al.\n\n          Assessment of infrazygomatic crest dimensions in different vertical facial growth types for miniscrew insertion: a cone-beam computed tomography study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n162(6):917\u2013926."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b24","series-title":"Research, Society and Development","first-page":"e54211528496","article-title":"Simulation of the clinical procedure by digital intraoral palpation of the greatest prominence of the infrazygomatic crest for mini-implants insertion","volume":"11","author":"Antelo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antelo\n              OM,\n            \n            \n              Saga\n              AY,\n            \n            \n              Reyes\n              AA,\n            \n            \n              Meira\n              TM,\n            \n            \n              Ign\u00e1cio\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Tanaka\n              OM.\n            \n          \n          Simulation of the clinical procedure by digital intraoral palpation of the greatest prominence of the infrazygomatic crest for mini-implants insertion.\nResearch, Society and Development.\n2022;\n11(5):e54211528496."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"185","article-title":"Bone thickness and height of the buccal shelf area and the mandibular canal position for miniscrew insertion in patients with different vertical facial patterns, age, and sex","volume":"93","author":"Eto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eto\n              VM,\n            \n            \n              Figueiredo\n              NC,\n            \n            \n              Eto\n              LF,\n            \n            \n              Azevedo\n              GM,\n            \n            \n              Silva\n              AIV,\n            \n            \n              Andrade\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Bone thickness and height of the buccal shelf area and the mandibular canal position for miniscrew insertion in patients with different vertical facial patterns, age, and sex.\nAngle Orthod.\n2023;\n93(2):185\u2013194."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b26","series-title":"Imaging Sci Dent","first-page":"51","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness in patients with normal and open vertical skeletal configurations using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"48","author":"Suteerapongpun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suteerapongpun\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Wattanachai\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Janhom\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Tripuwabhrut\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Jotikasthira\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness in patients with normal and open vertical skeletal configurations using cone-beam computed tomography.\nImaging Sci Dent.\n2018;\n48(1):51\u201357."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-313-b27","series-title":"Open Dent J","first-page":"287","article-title":"Relationship between the thickness of cortical bone at maxillary mid-palatal area and facial height using CBCT","volume":"9","author":"Johari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johari\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kaviani\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Saeedi\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Relationship between the thickness of cortical bone at maxillary mid-palatal area and facial height using CBCT.\nOpen Dent J.\n2015;\n9:287\u2013291."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p313.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/94\/3\/313\/3359309\/i1945-7103-94-3-313.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p313.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p313.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:20:56Z","timestamp":1780064456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p313.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/062023-430.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}}}