{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:07:49Z","timestamp":1780067269052,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To assess soft tissues in the short and long term after bimaxillary surgery in Class III patients by comparing the hard tissue changes and results between time periods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-six Class III adult patients treated with bimaxillary surgery were included in the study. Cephalometric records were taken before surgery (T1) and 5 months (T2), 1.4 years (T3), 3 years (T4), and 5 years (T5) after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n There was no significant relapse in skeletal parameters. Overjet was significantly reduced between T4-T3 time intervals (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01). There were significant increases in Sn-HR, ULA-HR, LLA-HR, B-B\n \u2227<\/jats:sup>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01), and B\n \u2227<\/jats:sup>\n -HR (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) between T4-T3 time intervals. There was no significant change in the soft tissue parameters between T5-T4 time intervals.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Soft tissue vertical relapse occurs in skeletally stabile Class III bimaxillary surgery patients in the first 3 years after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/062214-449.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T16:07:54Z","timestamp":1412179674000},"page":"631-637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluation of long-term soft tissue changes after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in Class III patients"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Halise","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Turgut \u00d6zal University Oral and Dental Health Care Center, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchengiz","family":"Efendiyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Akdeniz Oral and Dental Health Care Center, Mersin, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Karasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, University of Ankara, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ufuk","family":"Toygar-Memiko\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, University of Ankara, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"216","article-title":"Factors influencing predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery","volume":"71","author":"Mobarak\n KA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA, \n \n Krogstad\n O, \n \n Espeland\n L, \n \n Lyberg\n T. \n \n Factors influencing predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:216\u2013227."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"697","article-title":"Predictability of upper lip soft tissue changes with maxillary advancement","volume":"47","author":"Stella\n JP,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stella\n JP, \n \n Streater\n MR, \n \n Epker\n BN, \n \n Sinn\n DP. \n \n Predictability of upper lip soft tissue changes with maxillary advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;47:697\u2013703."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"266","article-title":"Soft tissue changes associated with double jaw surgery","volume":"101","author":"Jensen\n AC,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jensen\n AC, \n \n Sinclair\n PM, \n \n Wolford\n LM. \n \n Soft tissue changes associated with double jaw surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:266\u2013275."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Differences in soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback in Chinese men and women","volume":"57","author":"Hu\n J,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu\n J, \n \n Wang\n D, \n \n Luo\n S, \n \n Chen\n Y. \n \n Differences in soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback in Chinese men and women. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57:1182\u20131186."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Evaluation of soft tissue changes with optical surface scan after surgical correction of Class III deformities","volume":"62","author":"Soncul\n M,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Soncul\n M, \n \n Bamber\n MA. \n \n Evaluation of soft tissue changes with optical surface scan after surgical correction of Class III deformities. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62:1331\u20131340."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Expectations and perceptions regarding treatment: a prospective study of patients under-going orthognathic surgery","volume":"13","author":"Forssell\n H,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Forssell\n H, \n \n Finne\n K, \n \n Forssell\n K, \n \n Panula\n K, \n \n Blinnikka\n LM. \n \n Expectations and perceptions regarding treatment: a prospective study of patients under-going orthognathic surgery. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:107\u2013113."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Soft tissue response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty","volume":"101","author":"Ewing\n M,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ewing\n M, \n \n Ross\n RB. \n \n Soft tissue response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:550\u2013555."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Am J Orthop Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"665","article-title":"Evaluation of linearity of soft- to hard-tissue movement after orthognathic surgery","volume":"134","author":"Chew\n MT,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chew\n MT, \n \n Sandham\n A, \n \n Wong\n HB. \n \n Evaluation of linearity of soft- to hard-tissue movement after orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthop Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:665\u2013670."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"A 3-year patient centered follow up of 515 consecutive orthognathic surgery patients","volume":"30","author":"Espeland\n L,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Espeland\n L, \n \n Hogevold\n HE, \n \n Stenvik\n A. \n \n A 3-year patient centered follow up of 515 consecutive orthognathic surgery patients. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:24\u201330."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"80","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III malocclusion: stability and risk factors for relapse","volume":"139","author":"Jacobsone\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jacobsone\n G, \n \n Stenvik\n A, \n \n Sandvik\n L, \n \n Espeland\n D. \n \n Three-year follow-up of bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III malocclusion: stability and risk factors for relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:80\u201389."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"296","article-title":"Long-term skeletal and profile stability after surgical-orthodontic treatment of Class II and Class III malocclusion","volume":"41","author":"Lir\n AL,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lir\n AL, \n \n Moura\n WL, \n \n Ruellas\n ACO, \n \n Souza\n MMG, \n \n Nojima\n LI. \n \n Long-term skeletal and profile stability after surgical-orthodontic treatment of Class II and Class III malocclusion. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013;41:296\u2013302."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"533","article-title":"Soft tissue response after Class III bimaxillary surgery impact of surgical change in face height and long-term skeletal relapse","volume":"83","author":"Jacobsone\n G,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jacobsone\n G, \n \n Stenvik\n A, \n \n Espeland\n L. \n \n Soft tissue response after Class III bimaxillary surgery impact of surgical change in face height and long-term skeletal relapse. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:533\u2013539."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"389","article-title":"Long-term soft tissue changes after orthodontic and surgical corrections of skeletal Class III malocclusions","volume":"77","author":"Bailey\n TJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bailey\n TJ, \n \n Dover\n AJ, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n Long-term soft tissue changes after orthodontic and surgical corrections of skeletal Class III malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:389\u2013396."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"262","article-title":"Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning","volume":"53","author":"Burstone\n CJ.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burstone\n CJ. \n \n Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod. 1967;53:262\u2013284."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity","first-page":"92","article-title":"Evaluation of facial soft tissues","author":"Sarver\n DM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sarver\n DM, \n \n Proffit\n WR, \n \n Ackerman\n JL. \n \n Evaluation of facial soft tissues. In: ProffitWR, WhiteRP, SarverDM, eds. Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity. St Louis, Mo:CV Mosby; 2004:92\u2013126."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"512","article-title":"Natural craniofacial changes in the third decade of life: a longitudinal study","volume":"122","author":"Akg\u00fcl\n AA,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akg\u00fcl\n AA, \n \n Toygar\n TU. \n \n Natural craniofacial changes in the third decade of life: a longitudinal study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:512\u2013522."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"496","article-title":"The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood","volume":"134","author":"Pecora\n NG,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pecora\n NG, \n \n Bacetti\n T, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr. \n \n The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:496\u2013505."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"50","article-title":"Age related changes of the soft tissue profile from the second to the fourth decades of life","volume":"81","author":"Tarlakovic\n L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tarlakovic\n L, \n \n Faerovig\n E. \n \n Age related changes of the soft tissue profile from the second to the fourth decades of life. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:50\u201357."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"544","article-title":"Long-term stability and prediction of soft tissue changes after Le Fort I surgery","volume":"104","author":"Hack\n GA,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hack\n GA, \n \n de Mol van Otterloo\n JJ, \n \n Nanda\n R. \n \n Long-term stability and prediction of soft tissue changes after Le Fort I surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;104:544\u2013555."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"35","article-title":"Surgical Class III treatment: long-term stability and patient perceptions of treatment outcome","volume":"13","author":"Bailey\n LJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bailey\n LJ, \n \n Dover\n AJ, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n Surgical Class III treatment: long-term stability and patient perceptions of treatment outcome. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:35\u201344."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"216","article-title":"Factors influencing predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery","volume":"71","author":"Mobarak\n KA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA, \n \n Krogstad\n O, \n \n Espeland\n L, \n \n Lyberg\n T. \n \n Factors influencing predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:216\u2013227."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"697","article-title":"Predictability of upper lip soft tissue changes with maxillary advancement","volume":"47","author":"Stella\n JP,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stella\n JP, \n \n Streater\n MR, \n \n Epker\n BN, \n \n Sinn\n DP. \n \n Predictability of upper lip soft tissue changes with maxillary advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;47:697\u2013703."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"266","article-title":"Soft tissue changes associated with double jaw surgery","volume":"101","author":"Jensen\n AC,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jensen\n AC, \n \n Sinclair\n PM, \n \n Wolford\n LM. \n \n Soft tissue changes associated with double jaw surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:266\u2013275."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Differences in soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback in Chinese men and women","volume":"57","author":"Hu\n J,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu\n J, \n \n Wang\n D, \n \n Luo\n S, \n \n Chen\n Y. \n \n Differences in soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback in Chinese men and women. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57:1182\u20131186."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Evaluation of soft tissue changes with optical surface scan after surgical correction of Class III deformities","volume":"62","author":"Soncul\n M,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Soncul\n M, \n \n Bamber\n MA. \n \n Evaluation of soft tissue changes with optical surface scan after surgical correction of Class III deformities. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62:1331\u20131340."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Expectations and perceptions regarding treatment: a prospective study of patients under-going orthognathic surgery","volume":"13","author":"Forssell\n H,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Forssell\n H, \n \n Finne\n K, \n \n Forssell\n K, \n \n Panula\n K, \n \n Blinnikka\n LM. \n \n Expectations and perceptions regarding treatment: a prospective study of patients under-going orthognathic surgery. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:107\u2013113."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Soft tissue response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty","volume":"101","author":"Ewing\n M,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ewing\n M, \n \n Ross\n RB. \n \n Soft tissue response to mandibular advancement and genioplasty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:550\u2013555."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Am J Orthop Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"665","article-title":"Evaluation of linearity of soft- to hard-tissue movement after orthognathic surgery","volume":"134","author":"Chew\n MT,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chew\n MT, \n \n Sandham\n A, \n \n Wong\n HB. \n \n Evaluation of linearity of soft- to hard-tissue movement after orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthop Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:665\u2013670."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"A 3-year patient centered follow up of 515 consecutive orthognathic surgery patients","volume":"30","author":"Espeland\n L,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Espeland\n L, \n \n Hogevold\n HE, \n \n Stenvik\n A. \n \n A 3-year patient centered follow up of 515 consecutive orthognathic surgery patients. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:24\u201330."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"80","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III malocclusion: stability and risk factors for relapse","volume":"139","author":"Jacobsone\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jacobsone\n G, \n \n Stenvik\n A, \n \n Sandvik\n L, \n \n Espeland\n D. \n \n Three-year follow-up of bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III malocclusion: stability and risk factors for relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:80\u201389."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"296","article-title":"Long-term skeletal and profile stability after surgical-orthodontic treatment of Class II and Class III malocclusion","volume":"41","author":"Lir\n AL,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lir\n AL, \n \n Moura\n WL, \n \n Ruellas\n ACO, \n \n Souza\n MMG, \n \n Nojima\n LI. \n \n Long-term skeletal and profile stability after surgical-orthodontic treatment of Class II and Class III malocclusion. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013;41:296\u2013302."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"533","article-title":"Soft tissue response after Class III bimaxillary surgery impact of surgical change in face height and long-term skeletal relapse","volume":"83","author":"Jacobsone\n G,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jacobsone\n G, \n \n Stenvik\n A, \n \n Espeland\n L. \n \n Soft tissue response after Class III bimaxillary surgery impact of surgical change in face height and long-term skeletal relapse. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:533\u2013539."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"389","article-title":"Long-term soft tissue changes after orthodontic and surgical corrections of skeletal Class III malocclusions","volume":"77","author":"Bailey\n TJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bailey\n TJ, \n \n Dover\n AJ, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n Long-term soft tissue changes after orthodontic and surgical corrections of skeletal Class III malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:389\u2013396."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"262","article-title":"Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning","volume":"53","author":"Burstone\n CJ.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burstone\n CJ. \n \n Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod. 1967;53:262\u2013284."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity","first-page":"92","article-title":"Evaluation of facial soft tissues","author":"Sarver\n DM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sarver\n DM, \n \n Proffit\n WR, \n \n Ackerman\n JL. \n \n Evaluation of facial soft tissues. In: ProffitWR, WhiteRP, SarverDM, eds. Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity. St Louis, Mo:CV Mosby; 2004:92\u2013126."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"512","article-title":"Natural craniofacial changes in the third decade of life: a longitudinal study","volume":"122","author":"Akg\u00fcl\n AA,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akg\u00fcl\n AA, \n \n Toygar\n TU. \n \n Natural craniofacial changes in the third decade of life: a longitudinal study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:512\u2013522."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"496","article-title":"The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood","volume":"134","author":"Pecora\n NG,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pecora\n NG, \n \n Bacetti\n T, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr. \n \n The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:496\u2013505."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"50","article-title":"Age related changes of the soft tissue profile from the second to the fourth decades of life","volume":"81","author":"Tarlakovic\n L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tarlakovic\n L, \n \n Faerovig\n E. \n \n Age related changes of the soft tissue profile from the second to the fourth decades of life. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:50\u201357."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"544","article-title":"Long-term stability and prediction of soft tissue changes after Le Fort I surgery","volume":"104","author":"Hack\n GA,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hack\n GA, \n \n de Mol van Otterloo\n JJ, \n \n Nanda\n R. \n \n Long-term stability and prediction of soft tissue changes after Le Fort I surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;104:544\u2013555."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"35","article-title":"Surgical Class III treatment: long-term stability and patient perceptions of treatment outcome","volume":"13","author":"Bailey\n LJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bailey\n LJ, \n \n Dover\n AJ, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n Surgical Class III treatment: long-term stability and patient perceptions of treatment outcome. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:35\u201344."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/4\/article-p631.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/85\/4\/631\/1391875\/062214-449_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/4\/article-p631.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/4\/article-p631.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:00:52Z","timestamp":1780066852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/4\/article-p631.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/062214-449.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}