{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:20:02Z","timestamp":1788956402649,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To assess the esthetic impact of anterior occlusal conditions and malocclusion severity levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A population-based cross-sectional study of 700 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years was conducted. The Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) was used to evaluate the subjective esthetic impact of malocclusion. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) criteria were used to diagnose the anterior occlusal characteristics in isolation and the severity levels of malocclusion. The variables with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the adolescents, 42% showed negative self-perception of malocclusion. In addition, 15.4% of adolescents had severe malocclusion (DAI 3) and 18.9% very severe malocclusion (DAI 4). Crowding and spacing were shown to be 2.90 (CI: 2.06\u20134.09) and 2.53 (CI: 1.65\u20133.86) times, respectively, more likely to cause a negative esthetic impact in adolescents (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). In addition, adolescents with orthodontic treatment need (DAI 2, 3, and 4) were more likely to report a negative esthetic impact (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Anterior crowding and spacing are the conditions that most influence the esthetic concern of adolescents. Adolescents with very severe malocclusion and higher orthodontic treatment need are more likely to report a negative esthetic impact.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/062320-576.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T11:30:48Z","timestamp":1613388648000},"page":"496-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is the adolescent's esthetic concern associated with anterior occlusal conditions or the malocclusion severity level?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Kaarlye C. P. Andrade","family":"de Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Vedovello-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian F.","family":"Furletti-G\u00f3is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"de C. Meneghim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia A. S.","family":"Vedovello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b01","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"407","article-title":"Perception of orthodontic treatment need among Swedish children, adolescents and young adults","volume":"75","author":"Salih","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salih\n FN,\n \n \n Lindsten\n R,\n \n \n Bagesung\n M.\n \n \n Perception of orthodontic treatment need among Swedish children, adolescents and young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Odontol Scand.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t75:\n\t\t\t\t\t407\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t412."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"668","article-title":"How is orthodontic treatment need associated with perceived esthetic impact of malocclusion in adolescents?","volume":"158","author":"de Oliveira Meira","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Oliveira Meira\n ACL,\n \n 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self-esteem on orthodontic treatment need.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151:\n\t\t\t\t\t143\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t147."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b12","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Taibah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taibah\n SM,\n \n \n Al-Hummayani\n FM.\n \n \n Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"831","article-title":"Influence of anterior occlusal characteristics on self-perceived dental appearance in young adults","volume":"77","author":"Bernab\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bernab\u00e9\n E,\n \n \n Flores-Mir\n C.\n \n \n Influence of anterior occlusal characteristics on self-perceived dental appearance in young 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perception of oral aesthetics in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Pimenta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pimenta\n WV,\n \n \n Traebert\n J.\n \n \n Adaptation of the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS) questionnaire for perception of oral aesthetics in Brazil.\n\t\t\t\t\tOral Health Prev Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t8:\n\t\t\t\t\t133\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t137."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b31","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"309","article-title":"The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority","volume":"11","author":"Brook","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brook\n PH,\n \n \n Shaw\n WC.\n \n \n The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t309\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b32","series-title":"Aust Dent J","first-page":"43","article-title":"Establishing malocclusion severity levels on the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scale","volume":"41","author":"Jenny","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jenny\n J,\n \n \n Cons\n NC.\n \n \n Establishing malocclusion severity levels on the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scale.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t46."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b33","series-title":"Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods","year":"1997","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n \n Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneva, Switzerland:\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization;1997."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b34","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"413","article-title":"Mediation and moderation effect of the big five personality traits on the relationship between self-perceived malocclusion and psychosocial impact of dental esthetics","volume":"86","author":"Spalj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spalj\n S,\n \n \n Novsak\n A,\n \n \n Bilobrk\n P,\n \n \n Katic\n V,\n \n \n Zrinski\n MT,\n \n \n Pavlic\n A.\n \n \n Mediation and moderation effect of the big five personality traits on the relationship between self-perceived malocclusion and psychosocial impact of dental esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t86:\n\t\t\t\t\t413\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t420."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b35","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"822","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements","volume":"39","author":"Alhummayani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alhummayani\n FM,\n \n \n Taibah\n SM.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements.\n\t\t\t\t\tSaudi Med J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t822\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t828."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b36","series-title":"Afr Health Sci","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population","volume":"15","author":"Umanah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Umanah\n A,\n \n \n Omogbai\n AA,\n \n \n Osagbemiro\n B.\n \n \n Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population.\n\t\t\t\t\tAfr Health Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t226\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b37","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"169","article-title":"Influence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area on the perception of smile aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"2","author":"Machado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado\n AW,\n \n \n Moon\n W,\n \n \n Campos\n E,\n \n \n Gandini\n LG\n Jr.\n \n \n Influence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area on the perception of smile aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t2:\n\t\t\t\t\t169\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b38","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"98","article-title":"Contribution of facial components to the attractiveness of the smiling face in male and female patients: a cross-sectional correlation study","volume":"157","author":"Godinho,","year":"2020","unstructured":"Godinho,\n J,\n \n \n Gon\u00e7alves\n RP,\n \n \n Jardim\n L.\n \n \n Contribution of facial components to the attractiveness of the smiling face in male and female patients: a cross-sectional correlation study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t157:\n\t\t\t\t\t98\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t104."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b39","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"711","article-title":"Craniodentofacial characteristics, dental aesthetics-related quality of life, and self-esteem","volume":"147","author":"Gavric","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gavric\n A,\n \n \n Mirceta\n D,\n \n \n Jakobovic\n M,\n \n \n Pavlic\n A,\n \n \n Zrinski\n MT,\n \n \n Spalj\n S.\n \n \n Craniodentofacial characteristics, dental aesthetics-related quality of life, and self-esteem.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t147:\n\t\t\t\t\t711\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t718."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b40","series-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica","first-page":"11","article-title":"Severity of malocclusion in adolescents: populational-based study in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"50","author":"Silveira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silveira\n MF,\n \n \n Freire\n RS,\n \n \n Nepomuceno\n MO,\n \n \n Martins\n AM,\n \n \n Marcopito\n LF.\n \n \n Severity of malocclusion in adolescents: populational-based study in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t50:\n\t\t\t\t\t11."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b01","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"407","article-title":"Perception of orthodontic treatment need among Swedish children, adolescents and young adults","volume":"75","author":"Salih","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salih\n FN,\n \n \n Lindsten\n R,\n \n \n Bagesung\n M.\n \n \n Perception of orthodontic treatment need among Swedish children, adolescents and young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Odontol Scand.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t75:\n\t\t\t\t\t407\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t412."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"668","article-title":"How is orthodontic treatment need associated with perceived esthetic impact of malocclusion in adolescents?","volume":"158","author":"de Oliveira Meira","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Oliveira Meira\n ACL,\n \n \n Custodio\n W,\n \n \n Vedovello Filho\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n How is orthodontic treatment need associated with perceived esthetic impact of malocclusion in adolescents?\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t158:\n\t\t\t\t\t668\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t673."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b03","series-title":"Braz Oral Res","first-page":"e014","article-title":"Malocclusion and dental appearance in underprivileged Brazilian adolescents","volume":"33","author":"Kaieda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaieda\n AK,\n \n \n Bulgareli\n JV,\n \n \n Cunha\n IP,\n \n et al.\n \n Malocclusion and dental appearance in underprivileged Brazilian adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tBraz Oral Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\te014."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"337","article-title":"Relationship of the Dental Aesthetic Index to the oral health-related quality of life","volume":"86","author":"Ashari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashari\n A,\n \n \n Mohamed\n AM.\n \n \n Relationship of the Dental Aesthetic Index to the oral health-related quality of life.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t86:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b05","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"452","article-title":"Distinguishing between global and dental self-esteem in evaluating malocclusions","volume":"77","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taghavi Bayat J, Huggare J, Akrami N.\n Distinguishing between global and dental self-esteem in evaluating malocclusions.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Odontol Scand.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t77:\n\t\t\t\t\t452\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t456."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"734","article-title":"Impact of bullying due to dentofacial features on oral health-related quality of life","volume":"146","author":"Al-Omari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Omari\n IK,\n \n \n Al-Bitar\n ZB,\n \n \n Sonbol\n HN,\n \n \n Al-Ahmad\n HT,\n \n \n Cunningham\n SJ,\n \n \n Al-Omiri\n M.\n \n \n Impact of bullying due to dentofacial features on oral health-related quality of life.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t146:\n\t\t\t\t\t734\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t739."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"224","article-title":"Desire for orthodontic treatment and associated factors among adolescents in Southern Brazil","volume":"85","author":"Feldens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feldens\n CA,\n \n \n Nakamura\n EK,\n \n \n Tessarollo\n FR,\n \n \n Closs\n LQ.\n \n \n Desire for orthodontic treatment and associated factors among adolescents in Southern Brazil.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t224\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b08","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"129","article-title":"Impact of malocclusion severity on oral health-related quality of life in an Iranian young adult population","volume":"12","author":"Dalaie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dalaie\n K,\n \n \n Behnaz\n M,\n \n \n Khodabakhshi\n Z,\n \n \n Hosseinpour\n S.\n \n \n Impact of malocclusion severity on oral health-related quality of life in an Iranian young adult population.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t12:\n\t\t\t\t\t129\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t135."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b09","series-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr","first-page":"86","article-title":"Objective and subjective evaluation of adolescent's orthodontic treatment needs and their impact on self-esteem","volume":"35","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma\n A,\n \n \n Mathur\n A,\n \n \n Batra\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n Objective and subjective evaluation of adolescent's orthodontic treatment needs and their impact on self-esteem.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Paul Pediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t86\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t91."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b10","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"304","article-title":"A review of the evidence supporting the aesthetic orthodontic treatment need indices","volume":"13","author":"Borzabadi-Farahani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borzabadi-Farahani\n A.\n \n \n A review of the evidence supporting the aesthetic orthodontic treatment need indices.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t304\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"143","article-title":"Influence of quality of life, self-perception, and self-esteem on orthodontic treatment need","volume":"151","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dos Santos\n PR,\n \n \n Meneghim\n MC,\n \n \n Ambrosano\n GM,\n \n \n Filho\n MV,\n \n \n Vedovello\n SA.\n \n \n Influence of quality of life, self-perception, and self-esteem on orthodontic treatment need.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151:\n\t\t\t\t\t143\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t147."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b12","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Taibah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taibah\n SM,\n \n \n Al-Hummayani\n FM.\n \n \n Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"831","article-title":"Influence of anterior occlusal characteristics on self-perceived dental appearance in young adults","volume":"77","author":"Bernab\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bernab\u00e9\n E,\n \n \n Flores-Mir\n C.\n \n \n Influence of anterior occlusal characteristics on self-perceived dental appearance in young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t77:\n\t\t\t\t\t831\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t836."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"593","article-title":"The psycho-social impact of malocclusions and treatment expectations of adolescent orthodontic patients","volume":"38","author":"Twigge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Twigge\n E,\n \n \n Roberts\n RM,\n \n \n Jamieson\n L,\n \n \n Dreyer\n CW,\n \n \n Sampson\n WJ.\n \n \n The psycho-social impact of malocclusions and treatment expectations of adolescent orthodontic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t593\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t601."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"628","article-title":"Negative effect of malocclusion on the emotional and social well-being of Brazilian adolescents: a population-based study","volume":"39","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bittencourt\n JM,\n \n \n Martins\n LP,\n \n \n Bendo\n CB,\n \n \n Vale\n MP,\n \n \n Paiva\n SM.\n \n \n Negative effect of malocclusion on the emotional and social well-being of Brazilian adolescents: a population-based study.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t628\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t633."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b16","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Psychological impact of orthodontic treatment on quality of life: a longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Grewal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grewal\n H,\n \n \n Sapawat\n P,\n \n \n Modi\n P,\n \n \n Aggarwal\n S.\n \n \n Psychological impact of orthodontic treatment on quality of life: a longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t269\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t276."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"85","article-title":"Determinants of orthodontic treatment need and demand: a cross-sectional path model study","volume":"39","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taghavi Bayat J, Huggare J, Mohlin B, Akrami N.\n Determinants of orthodontic treatment need and demand: a cross-sectional path model study.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t85\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t91."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"87","article-title":"Psychological well-being, dental esthetics, and psychosocial impacts in adolescent orthodontic patients: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"153","author":"Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng\n X,\n \n \n Wang\n YJ,\n \n \n Deng\n F,\n \n \n Liu\n PL,\n \n \n Wu\n Y.\n \n \n Psychological well-being, dental esthetics, and psychosocial impacts in adolescent orthodontic patients: a prospective longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t153:\n\t\t\t\t\t87\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t96."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b19","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"684","article-title":"Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness","volume":"16","author":"Prasad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prasad\n KN,\n \n \n Sabrish\n S,\n \n \n Mathew\n S,\n \n \n Shivamurthy\n PG,\n \n \n Pattabiraman\n V,\n \n \n Sagarkar\n R.\n \n \n Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t684\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t697."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"42","article-title":"Gondim Filgueira AC, da Silva-Neto JP, de Lima KC. Relationship between normative and self-perceived criteria for orthodontic treatment need and satisfaction with esthetics and mastication in adolescents","volume":"157","author":"do Amaral","year":"2020","unstructured":"do Amaral\n BA,\n \n \n Gondim Filgueira AC, da Silva-Neto JP, de Lima KC. Relationship between normative and self-perceived criteria for orthodontic treatment need and satisfaction with esthetics and mastication in adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t157:\n\t\t\t\t\t42\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t48."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b21","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"A review of the oral health-related evidence that supports the orthodontic treatment need indices","volume":"13","author":"Borzabadi-Farahani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borzabadi-Farahani\n A.\n \n \n A review of the oral health-related evidence that supports the orthodontic treatment need indices.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t314\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"490","article-title":"Alves da Silva G. Brazilian adolescents' perception of the orthodontic appliance: a qualitative study","volume":"155","author":"Barbosa de Almeida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barbosa de Almeida\n A,\n \n \n Leite\n ICG,\n \n \n Alves da Silva G. Brazilian adolescents' perception of the orthodontic appliance: a qualitative study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t155:\n\t\t\t\t\t490\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t497."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b23","series-title":"J Public Health Dent","first-page":"133","article-title":"Public assistance orthodontic treatment needs: a report from the state of Indiana","volume":"65","author":"Dean","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dean\n JA,\n \n \n McDonald\n SM,\n \n \n Walker\n PO.\n \n \n Public assistance orthodontic treatment needs: a report from the state of Indiana.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Public Health Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t65:\n\t\t\t\t\t133\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t137."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"669","article-title":"Malocclusions and perceptions of attractiveness, intelligence, and personality, and behavioral intentions","volume":"140","author":"Olsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olsen\n JA,\n \n \n Inglehart\n MR.\n \n \n Malocclusions and perceptions of attractiveness, intelligence, and personality, and behavioral intentions.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t140:\n\t\t\t\t\t669\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t679."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b25","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"113","article-title":"Agreement of young adults and orthodontists on dental aesthetics & influencing factors of self-perceived aesthetics","volume":"18","author":"Cai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cai\n Y,\n \n \n Du\n W,\n \n \n Lin\n F,\n \n \n Ye\n S,\n \n \n Ye\n Y.\n \n \n Agreement of young adults and orthodontists on dental aesthetics & influencing factors of self-perceived aesthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Oral Health.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b26","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"16","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological study","volume":"18","author":"Gudipaneni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gudipaneni\n RK,\n \n \n Aldahmeshi\n RF,\n \n \n Patil\n SR,\n \n \n Alam\n MK.\n \n \n The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological study.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Oral Health.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t16."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b27","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"e638","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment need in a Spanish young adult population","volume":"17","author":"Bellot-Arc\u00eds","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bellot-Arc\u00eds\n C,\n \n \n Montiel-Company\n JM,\n \n \n Manzanera-Pastor\n D,\n \n \n Almerich-Silla\n JM.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment need in a Spanish young adult population.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\te638\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\te643."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"738","article-title":"Do malocclusion and orthodontic treatment impact oral health? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Macey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Macey\n R,\n \n \n Thiruvenkatachari\n B,\n \n \n O'Brien\n K,\n \n \n Batista\n KBSL.\n \n \n Do malocclusion and orthodontic treatment impact oral health? 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scale","volume":"41","author":"Jenny","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jenny\n J,\n \n \n Cons\n NC.\n \n \n Establishing malocclusion severity levels on the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scale.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t46."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b33","series-title":"Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods","year":"1997","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n \n Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneva, Switzerland:\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization;1997."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b34","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"413","article-title":"Mediation and moderation effect of the big five personality traits on the relationship between self-perceived malocclusion and psychosocial impact of dental esthetics","volume":"86","author":"Spalj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spalj\n S,\n \n \n Novsak\n A,\n \n \n Bilobrk\n P,\n \n \n Katic\n V,\n \n \n Zrinski\n MT,\n \n \n Pavlic\n A.\n \n \n Mediation and moderation effect of the big five personality traits on the relationship between self-perceived malocclusion and psychosocial impact of dental esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t86:\n\t\t\t\t\t413\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t420."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b35","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"822","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements","volume":"39","author":"Alhummayani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alhummayani\n FM,\n \n \n Taibah\n SM.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements.\n\t\t\t\t\tSaudi Med J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t822\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t828."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b36","series-title":"Afr Health Sci","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population","volume":"15","author":"Umanah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Umanah\n A,\n \n \n Omogbai\n AA,\n \n \n Osagbemiro\n B.\n \n \n Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population.\n\t\t\t\t\tAfr Health Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t226\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b37","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"169","article-title":"Influence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area on the perception of smile aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"2","author":"Machado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado\n AW,\n \n \n Moon\n W,\n \n \n Campos\n E,\n \n \n Gandini\n LG\n Jr.\n \n \n Influence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area on the perception of smile aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed 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self-esteem","volume":"147","author":"Gavric","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gavric\n A,\n \n \n Mirceta\n D,\n \n \n Jakobovic\n M,\n \n \n Pavlic\n A,\n \n \n Zrinski\n MT,\n \n \n Spalj\n S.\n \n \n Craniodentofacial characteristics, dental aesthetics-related quality of life, and self-esteem.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t147:\n\t\t\t\t\t711\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t718."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-4-496-b40","series-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica","first-page":"11","article-title":"Severity of malocclusion in adolescents: populational-based study in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"50","author":"Silveira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silveira\n MF,\n \n \n Freire\n RS,\n \n \n Nepomuceno\n MO,\n \n \n Martins\n AM,\n \n \n Marcopito\n LF.\n \n \n Severity of malocclusion in adolescents: populational-based study in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t50:\n\t\t\t\t\t11."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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