{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:35:41Z","timestamp":1790127341268,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate skeletal and dentoalveolar changes produced by the Mandibular Anterior Repostioning Appliance (MARA) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion in adolescent patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Lateral cephalograms of 24 patients, mean age 12.40 years, with a Class II malocclusion consecutively treated with MARA were compared with a historical control group. Changes were evaluated using the Pancherz superimposition and grid analysis pre- and posttreatment. Independent sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test, Mann-Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n -test, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Significant differences were seen between the treatment and control groups during the 12 month period. Improvement in Class II relationship in the MARA group resulted from skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. There was a 7-mm molar correction and a 4.7-mm overjet reduction. There was also an increase in the mandibular base of 3.3 mm with the lower molar and incisor coming forward 2.6 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively. No significant headgear effect was shown on the maxilla. The maxillary incisor position remained unchanged, whereas the molar distalized 1.8 mm. The anterior lower facial height had an overall increase of 2.2 mm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The MARA was successful in achieving a Class I molar relationship and reducing the overjet in Class II malocclusions. This was the result of both skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/062618-478.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T10:38:26Z","timestamp":1546511906000},"page":"404-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Class II correction in orthodontic patients utilizing the Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (MARA)"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Anil","family":"Ardeshna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Postgraduate Program Director, Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Academic Affairs, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b01","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n \n Moray \n LJ. \n \n \n Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age","volume":"51","author":"McNamara \n JA\n Jr.","year":"1981","unstructured":"McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. Angle Orthod. 1981;51:177\u2013202."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b03","series-title":"Dentofacial Orthopedics with Functional Appliances","author":"Graber \n TM,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Graber \n TM, \n \n \n Rakosi \n T, \n \n \n Petrovic \n AG. \n \n \n Dentofacial Orthopedics with Functional Appliances. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1997."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"History, background and development of the Herbst appliance","volume":"9","author":"Pancherz \n H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n History, background and development of the Herbst appliance. Semin Orthod. 2003;9:3\u201311."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"104","article-title":"The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation","volume":"82;","author":"Pancherz \n H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. Am J Orthod. 1982:82;104\u2013113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b06","series-title":"Principles in Contemporary Orthodontics","first-page":"327","article-title":"New strategies for Class II fixed functional orthodontics, including MRI diagnostics, manual functional analysis and ophysiotherapy","author":"Toll \n DE,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Toll \n DE, \n \n \n Popovi\u0107 \n N, \n \n \n Drinkuth \n N. \n \n \n New strategies for Class II fixed functional orthodontics, including MRI diagnostics, manual functional analysis and ophysiotherapy. InNaretto S, ed. Principles in Contemporary Orthodontics. London, UK: IntechOpen Limited; 2011:327\u2013336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b07","series-title":"Orthodontic Treatment of the Class II Noncompliant Patient: Current Principles and Techniques","first-page":"107","article-title":"The mandibular anterior repositioning device","author":"Eckhart \n JE.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eckhart \n JE. \n \n \n The mandibular anterior repositioning device. In: Papadopoulos MA, ed. Orthodontic Treatment of the Class II Noncompliant Patient: Current Principles and Techniques. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2006:107\u2013119."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"286","article-title":"Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion","volume":"123","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V, \n \n \n Berger \n JL, \n \n \n Chermak \n DS, \n \n \n Kaczynski \n R, \n \n \n Simon \n ES, \n \n \n Haerian \n A. \n \n \n Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003:123:286\u2013295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances","volume":"80;","author":"Siara-Olds \n NJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siara-Olds \n NJ, \n \n \n Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V, \n \n \n Berger \n J, \n and Bayirli B. \n Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances. Angle Orthod. 2010:80;18\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the mandibular dimensions effects of the MARA appliance in patients with Class II malocclusions","volume":"85","author":"Al-Jewair \n TS.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Jewair \n TS. \n \n \n Meta-analysis on the mandibular dimensions effects of the MARA appliance in patients with Class II malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2015:85:706\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b11","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"324","article-title":"Class II treatment with functional appliances: a meta-analysis of short-term treatment effects","volume":"20;","author":"Vaid \n NR,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaid \n NR, \n \n \n Doshi \n VM, \n \n \n Vandekar \n MJ. \n \n \n Class II treatment with functional appliances: a meta-analysis of short-term treatment effects. Semin Orthod. 2014:20;324\u2013338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"599.e1","article-title":"Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Cozza \n P,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n De Toffol \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006:129;599.e1\u2013599.e12."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"24","article-title":"Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on mandibular growth in the short term","volume":"139","author":"Marsico \n E,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marsico \n E, \n \n \n Gatto \n E, \n \n \n Burrascano \n M, \n \n \n Matarese \n G, \n \n \n Cordasco \n G. \n \n \n Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on mandibular growth in the short term. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:24\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"717","article-title":"H\u00e4gg U. A comparison of three superimposition methods","volume":"21","author":"You \n Q,","year":"1999","unstructured":"You \n Q, \n \n \n H\u00e4gg U. A comparison of three superimposition methods. Eur J Orthod. 1999:21:717\u2013725"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b15","series-title":"ORMCO Clin Impressions","article-title":"The MARA, a noncompliance solution","volume":"15","author":"Bogdan \n F.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bogdan \n F. \n \n \n The MARA, a noncompliance solution. ORMCO Clin Impressions2006:15;28\u20131532."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"510","article-title":"The headgear effect of the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric long-term study","volume":"103;","author":"Pancherz \n H,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pancherz \n H, \n \n \n Pancherz \n MA. \n \n \n The headgear effect of the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric long-term study. Am J Orthod. 1993:103;510\u2013520."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b17","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"35","article-title":"Angle Class II correction with MARA appliance","volume":"18","author":"Chiqueto \n K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiqueto \n K, \n \n \n Henriques \n JF, \n \n \n Barros \n SE, \n \n \n Janson \n G. \n \n \n Angle Class II correction with MARA appliance. Dent Press J Orthod. 2013;18:35\u201344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"684","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment outcomes induced by the mandibular advancement repositioning appliance; a controlled clinical study","volume":"81","author":"Ghislanzoni \n LT,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghislanzoni \n LT, \n \n \n Toll \n DE, \n \n \n Defraia \n E, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L. \n \n \n Treatment and posttreatment outcomes induced by the mandibular advancement repositioning appliance; a controlled clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:684\u2013691."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"971","article-title":"Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusions","volume":"82","author":"Pangrazio \n MN,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pangrazio \n MN, \n \n \n Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V, \n \n \n Berger \n JL, \n \n \n Bayirli \n B, \n \n \n Movahhedian \n A. \n \n \n Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:971\u2013977."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b20","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"397","article-title":"Effect of the MARA appliance on the position of the lower anteriors in children, adolescents and adults with Class II malocclusion","volume":"68","author":"Gonner \n U,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonner \n U, \n \n \n Ozkan \n V, \n \n \n Jahn \n E, \n \n \n Toll \n DE. \n \n \n Effect of the MARA appliance on the position of the lower anteriors in children, adolescents and adults with Class II malocclusion. J Orofac Orthop. 2007:68:397\u2013412."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"225","article-title":"The effect of Herbst appliance treatment on the mandibular plane angle: a cephalometric roentgenographic study","volume":"110","author":"Ruf \n S,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ruf \n S, \n \n \n Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n The effect of Herbst appliance treatment on the mandibular plane angle: a cephalometric roentgenographic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996:110:225\u2013229."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b01","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n \n Moray \n LJ. \n \n \n Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age","volume":"51","author":"McNamara \n JA\n Jr.","year":"1981","unstructured":"McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. Angle Orthod. 1981;51:177\u2013202."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b03","series-title":"Dentofacial Orthopedics with Functional Appliances","author":"Graber \n TM,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Graber \n TM, \n \n \n Rakosi \n T, \n \n \n Petrovic \n AG. \n \n \n Dentofacial Orthopedics with Functional Appliances. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1997."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"History, background and development of the Herbst appliance","volume":"9","author":"Pancherz \n H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n History, background and development of the Herbst appliance. Semin Orthod. 2003;9:3\u201311."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"104","article-title":"The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation","volume":"82;","author":"Pancherz \n H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. Am J Orthod. 1982:82;104\u2013113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b06","series-title":"Principles in Contemporary Orthodontics","first-page":"327","article-title":"New strategies for Class II fixed functional orthodontics, including MRI diagnostics, manual functional analysis and ophysiotherapy","author":"Toll \n DE,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Toll \n DE, \n \n \n Popovi\u0107 \n N, \n \n \n Drinkuth \n N. \n \n \n New strategies for Class II fixed functional orthodontics, including MRI diagnostics, manual functional analysis and ophysiotherapy. InNaretto S, ed. Principles in Contemporary Orthodontics. London, UK: IntechOpen Limited; 2011:327\u2013336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b07","series-title":"Orthodontic Treatment of the Class II Noncompliant Patient: Current Principles and Techniques","first-page":"107","article-title":"The mandibular anterior repositioning device","author":"Eckhart \n JE.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eckhart \n JE. \n \n \n The mandibular anterior repositioning device. In: Papadopoulos MA, ed. Orthodontic Treatment of the Class II Noncompliant Patient: Current Principles and Techniques. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2006:107\u2013119."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"286","article-title":"Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion","volume":"123","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V, \n \n \n Berger \n JL, \n \n \n Chermak \n DS, \n \n \n Kaczynski \n R, \n \n \n Simon \n ES, \n \n \n Haerian \n A. \n \n \n Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003:123:286\u2013295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances","volume":"80;","author":"Siara-Olds \n NJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siara-Olds \n NJ, \n \n \n Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V, \n \n \n Berger \n J, \n and Bayirli B. \n Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances. Angle Orthod. 2010:80;18\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the mandibular dimensions effects of the MARA appliance in patients with Class II malocclusions","volume":"85","author":"Al-Jewair \n TS.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Jewair \n TS. \n \n \n Meta-analysis on the mandibular dimensions effects of the MARA appliance in patients with Class II malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2015:85:706\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b11","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"324","article-title":"Class II treatment with functional appliances: a meta-analysis of short-term treatment effects","volume":"20;","author":"Vaid \n NR,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaid \n NR, \n \n \n Doshi \n VM, \n \n \n Vandekar \n MJ. \n \n \n Class II treatment with functional appliances: a meta-analysis of short-term treatment effects. Semin Orthod. 2014:20;324\u2013338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"599.e1","article-title":"Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Cozza \n P,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n De Toffol \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006:129;599.e1\u2013599.e12."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"24","article-title":"Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on mandibular growth in the short term","volume":"139","author":"Marsico \n E,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marsico \n E, \n \n \n Gatto \n E, \n \n \n Burrascano \n M, \n \n \n Matarese \n G, \n \n \n Cordasco \n G. \n \n \n Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on mandibular growth in the short term. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:24\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"717","article-title":"H\u00e4gg U. A comparison of three superimposition methods","volume":"21","author":"You \n Q,","year":"1999","unstructured":"You \n Q, \n \n \n H\u00e4gg U. A comparison of three superimposition methods. Eur J Orthod. 1999:21:717\u2013725"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b15","series-title":"ORMCO Clin Impressions","article-title":"The MARA, a noncompliance solution","volume":"15","author":"Bogdan \n F.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bogdan \n F. \n \n \n The MARA, a noncompliance solution. ORMCO Clin Impressions2006:15;28\u20131532."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"510","article-title":"The headgear effect of the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric long-term study","volume":"103;","author":"Pancherz \n H,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pancherz \n H, \n \n \n Pancherz \n MA. \n \n \n The headgear effect of the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric long-term study. Am J Orthod. 1993:103;510\u2013520."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b17","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"35","article-title":"Angle Class II correction with MARA appliance","volume":"18","author":"Chiqueto \n K,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiqueto \n K, \n \n \n Henriques \n JF, \n \n \n Barros \n SE, \n \n \n Janson \n G. \n \n \n Angle Class II correction with MARA appliance. Dent Press J Orthod. 2013;18:35\u201344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"684","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment outcomes induced by the mandibular advancement repositioning appliance; a controlled clinical study","volume":"81","author":"Ghislanzoni \n LT,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghislanzoni \n LT, \n \n \n Toll \n DE, \n \n \n Defraia \n E, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L. \n \n \n Treatment and posttreatment outcomes induced by the mandibular advancement repositioning appliance; a controlled clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:684\u2013691."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"971","article-title":"Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusions","volume":"82","author":"Pangrazio \n MN,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pangrazio \n MN, \n \n \n Pangrazio-Kulbersh \n V, \n \n \n Berger \n JL, \n \n \n Bayirli \n B, \n \n \n Movahhedian \n A. \n \n \n Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:971\u2013977."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b20","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"397","article-title":"Effect of the MARA appliance on the position of the lower anteriors in children, adolescents and adults with Class II malocclusion","volume":"68","author":"Gonner \n U,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonner \n U, \n \n \n Ozkan \n V, \n \n \n Jahn \n E, \n \n \n Toll \n DE. \n \n \n Effect of the MARA appliance on the position of the lower anteriors in children, adolescents and adults with Class II malocclusion. J Orofac Orthop. 2007:68:397\u2013412."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-3-404-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"225","article-title":"The effect of Herbst appliance treatment on the mandibular plane angle: a cephalometric roentgenographic study","volume":"110","author":"Ruf \n S,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ruf \n S, \n \n \n Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n The effect of Herbst appliance treatment on the mandibular plane angle: a cephalometric roentgenographic study. 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