{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T20:02:17Z","timestamp":1782763337396,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement of crowded maxillary incisors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial involved 26 patients with severe to extreme maxillary incisors irregularity according to Little's irregularity index, indicating two first premolars extraction. Patients were randomly assigned to either the laser group or the control group (13 each). Following premolars extraction, orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances was initiated for both groups. Immediately after insertion of the first archwire, patients in the laser group received a LLL dose from an 830-nm wavelength Ga-Al-As semiconductor laser device with energy of 2 J\/point. The laser was applied to each maxillary incisor's root at four points (two buccal, two palatal). Application was repeated on days 3, 7, 14, and then every 15 days starting from the second month until the end of the leveling and alignment stage. Alignment progress was evaluated on the study casts taken before inserting the first archwire (T0), after 1 month of treatment commencement (T1), after 2 months (T2), and at the end of the leveling and alignment stage (T3). The outcome measures were the overall time needed for leveling and alignment and the leveling and alignment improvement percentage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the overall treatment time (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and the leveling and alignment improvement percentage at T1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .004) and T2; (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n LLLT is an effective method for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/062716-503.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T09:41:52Z","timestamp":1479721312000},"page":"499-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Low-level laser therapy effectiveness in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: A randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Moaffak A.","family":"AlSayed Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Master's Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinda","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Hamadah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, and Vice Dean, Higher Institute for Laser Research and Applications, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b01","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Fields \n HW\n Jr, \n \n \n Moray \n LJ. \n \n \n Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of Damon 3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Scott \n P,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scott \n P, \n \n \n DiBiase \n AT, \n \n \n Sherriff \n M, \n \n \n Cobourne \n MT. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency of Damon 3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:470 e1\u2013e8."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b03","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"289","article-title":"Low-energy laser irradiation accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Yoshida \n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshida \n T, \n \n \n Yamaguchi \n M, \n \n \n Utsunomiya \n T, \n \n et al. \n Low-energy laser irradiation accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009;12:289\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b04","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Segal \n GR,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segal \n GR, \n \n \n Schiffman \n PH, \n \n \n Tuncay \n OC. \n \n \n Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2004;7:71\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b05","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment","volume":"14","author":"Kau \n CH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kau \n CH, \n \n \n Kantarci \n A, \n \n \n Shaughnessy \n T, \n \n et al. \n Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:30."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"620","article-title":"Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: molecular mechanisms","volume":"146","author":"Huang \n H,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang \n H, \n \n \n Williams \n RC, \n \n \n Kyrkanides \n S. \n \n \n Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: molecular mechanisms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:620\u2013632."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b07","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"3","article-title":"Intraoral photobiomodulation-induced orthodontic tooth alignment: a preliminary study","volume":"16","author":"Shaughnessy \n T,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shaughnessy \n T, \n \n \n Kantarci \n A, \n \n \n Kau \n CH, \n \n \n Skrenes \n D, \n \n \n Skrenes \n S, \n \n \n Ma \n D. \n \n \n Intraoral photobiomodulation-induced orthodontic tooth alignment: a preliminary study. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16:3."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"289","article-title":"Efficacy of low-intensity laser therapy in reducing treatment time and orthodontic pain: a clinical investigation","volume":"141","author":"Doshi-Mehta \n G,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doshi-Mehta \n G, \n \n \n Bhad-Patil \n WA. \n \n \n Efficacy of low-intensity laser therapy in reducing treatment time and orthodontic pain: a clinical investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:289\u2013297."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b09","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"191","article-title":"Influence of low-level laser on the speed of orthodontic movement","volume":"29","author":"Sousa \n MV,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sousa \n MV, \n \n \n Scanavini \n MA, \n \n \n Sannomiya \n EK, \n \n \n Velasco \n LG, \n \n \n Angelieri \n F. \n \n \n Influence of low-level laser on the speed of orthodontic movement. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011;29:191\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b10","series-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B","first-page":"258","article-title":"Efficiency of low-level laser therapy within induced dental movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"de Almeida \n VL,","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Almeida \n VL, \n \n \n \n \n de AndradeGois \n VL, \n \n \n Andrade \n RN, \n \n et al. \n Efficiency of low-level laser therapy within induced dental movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016;158:258\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b11","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"592","article-title":"Systematic literature review: influence of low-level laser on orthodontic movement and pain control in humans","volume":"32","author":"Sousa \n MV,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sousa \n MV, \n \n \n Pinzan \n A, \n \n \n Consolaro \n A, \n \n \n Henriques \n JF, \n \n \n de Freitas \n MR. \n \n \n Systematic literature review: influence of low-level laser on orthodontic movement and pain control in humans. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014;32:592\u2013599."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b12","series-title":"J Oral Laser Applications","first-page":"99","article-title":"Velasquez Cujar SA. Acceleration effect of orthodontic movement by application of low-intensity laser","volume":"10","author":"Camacho \n AD,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Camacho \n AD, \n \n \n Velasquez Cujar SA. Acceleration effect of orthodontic movement by application of low-intensity laser. J Oral Laser Applications. 2010;10:99\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b13","author":"CONSORT","unstructured":"CONSORT\n . http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/consort-statement\/"},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little \n RM.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little \n RM. \n \n \n The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b15","series-title":"Oral Health Dent Manag","first-page":"183","article-title":"The effect of low level laser therapy on the rate of tooth movement and pain perception during canine retraction","volume":"13","author":"Heravi \n F,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heravi \n F, \n \n \n Moradi \n A, \n \n \n Ahrari \n F. \n \n \n The effect of low level laser therapy on the rate of tooth movement and pain perception during canine retraction. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014;13:183\u2013188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b16","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"192","article-title":"de Fatima Zanirato, Lizarelli R. Photoradiation and orthodontic movement: experimental study with canines","volume":"24","author":"Goulart \n CS,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goulart \n CS, \n \n \n Nouer \n PR, \n \n \n Mouramartins \n L, \n \n \n Garbin \n IU, \n \n \n de Fatima Zanirato, Lizarelli R. Photoradiation and orthodontic movement: experimental study with canines. Photomed Laser Surg. 2006;24:192\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b17","series-title":"JSM Dentistry","first-page":"1040","article-title":"The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement: metrical and immunological investigation","volume":"2","author":"Altan \n AB,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altan \n AB, \n \n \n Sokucu \n O, \n \n \n Toker \n H, \n \n \n Sumer \n Z. \n \n \n The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement: metrical and immunological investigation. JSM Dentistry. 2014;2:1040."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Estimating arch length discrepancy through Little's irregularity index for epidemiological use","volume":"28","author":"Bernabe \n E,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bernabe \n E, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C. \n \n \n Estimating arch length discrepancy through Little's irregularity index for epidemiological use. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"703","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study","volume":"82","author":"Sebastian \n B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sebastian \n B. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:703\u2013708."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b20","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"1300","article-title":"Effectiveness of non-conventional methods for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Gkantidis \n N,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gkantidis \n N, \n \n \n Mistakidis \n I, \n \n \n Kouskoura \n T, \n \n \n Pandis \n N. \n \n \n Effectiveness of non-conventional methods for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2014;42:1300\u20131319."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b01","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit \n WR,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR, \n \n \n Fields \n HW\n Jr, \n \n \n Moray \n LJ. \n \n \n Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of Damon 3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Scott \n P,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scott \n P, \n \n \n DiBiase \n AT, \n \n \n Sherriff \n M, \n \n \n Cobourne \n MT. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency of Damon 3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:470 e1\u2013e8."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b03","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"289","article-title":"Low-energy laser irradiation accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Yoshida \n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshida \n T, \n \n \n Yamaguchi \n M, \n \n \n Utsunomiya \n T, \n \n et al. \n Low-energy laser irradiation accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009;12:289\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b04","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Segal \n GR,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segal \n GR, \n \n \n Schiffman \n PH, \n \n \n Tuncay \n OC. \n \n \n Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2004;7:71\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b05","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment","volume":"14","author":"Kau \n CH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kau \n CH, \n \n \n Kantarci \n A, \n \n \n Shaughnessy \n T, \n \n et al. \n Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:30."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"620","article-title":"Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: molecular mechanisms","volume":"146","author":"Huang \n H,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang \n H, \n \n \n Williams \n RC, \n \n \n Kyrkanides \n S. \n \n \n Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: molecular mechanisms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:620\u2013632."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b07","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"3","article-title":"Intraoral photobiomodulation-induced orthodontic tooth alignment: a preliminary study","volume":"16","author":"Shaughnessy \n T,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shaughnessy \n T, \n \n \n Kantarci \n A, \n \n \n Kau \n CH, \n \n \n Skrenes \n D, \n \n \n Skrenes \n S, \n \n \n Ma \n D. \n \n \n Intraoral photobiomodulation-induced orthodontic tooth alignment: a preliminary study. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16:3."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"289","article-title":"Efficacy of low-intensity laser therapy in reducing treatment time and orthodontic pain: a clinical investigation","volume":"141","author":"Doshi-Mehta \n G,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doshi-Mehta \n G, \n \n \n Bhad-Patil \n WA. \n \n \n Efficacy of low-intensity laser therapy in reducing treatment time and orthodontic pain: a clinical investigation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:289\u2013297."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b09","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"191","article-title":"Influence of low-level laser on the speed of orthodontic movement","volume":"29","author":"Sousa \n MV,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sousa \n MV, \n \n \n Scanavini \n MA, \n \n \n Sannomiya \n EK, \n \n \n Velasco \n LG, \n \n \n Angelieri \n F. \n \n \n Influence of low-level laser on the speed of orthodontic movement. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011;29:191\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b10","series-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B","first-page":"258","article-title":"Efficiency of low-level laser therapy within induced dental movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"de Almeida \n VL,","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Almeida \n VL, \n \n \n \n \n de AndradeGois \n VL, \n \n \n Andrade \n RN, \n \n et al. \n Efficiency of low-level laser therapy within induced dental movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016;158:258\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b11","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"592","article-title":"Systematic literature review: influence of low-level laser on orthodontic movement and pain control in humans","volume":"32","author":"Sousa \n MV,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sousa \n MV, \n \n \n Pinzan \n A, \n \n \n Consolaro \n A, \n \n \n Henriques \n JF, \n \n \n de Freitas \n MR. \n \n \n Systematic literature review: influence of low-level laser on orthodontic movement and pain control in humans. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014;32:592\u2013599."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b12","series-title":"J Oral Laser Applications","first-page":"99","article-title":"Velasquez Cujar SA. Acceleration effect of orthodontic movement by application of low-intensity laser","volume":"10","author":"Camacho \n AD,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Camacho \n AD, \n \n \n Velasquez Cujar SA. Acceleration effect of orthodontic movement by application of low-intensity laser. J Oral Laser Applications. 2010;10:99\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b13","author":"CONSORT","unstructured":"CONSORT\n . http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/consort-statement\/"},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little \n RM.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little \n RM. \n \n \n The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b15","series-title":"Oral Health Dent Manag","first-page":"183","article-title":"The effect of low level laser therapy on the rate of tooth movement and pain perception during canine retraction","volume":"13","author":"Heravi \n F,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heravi \n F, \n \n \n Moradi \n A, \n \n \n Ahrari \n F. \n \n \n The effect of low level laser therapy on the rate of tooth movement and pain perception during canine retraction. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014;13:183\u2013188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b16","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"192","article-title":"de Fatima Zanirato, Lizarelli R. Photoradiation and orthodontic movement: experimental study with canines","volume":"24","author":"Goulart \n CS,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goulart \n CS, \n \n \n Nouer \n PR, \n \n \n Mouramartins \n L, \n \n \n Garbin \n IU, \n \n \n de Fatima Zanirato, Lizarelli R. Photoradiation and orthodontic movement: experimental study with canines. Photomed Laser Surg. 2006;24:192\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b17","series-title":"JSM Dentistry","first-page":"1040","article-title":"The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement: metrical and immunological investigation","volume":"2","author":"Altan \n AB,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altan \n AB, \n \n \n Sokucu \n O, \n \n \n Toker \n H, \n \n \n Sumer \n Z. \n \n \n The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement: metrical and immunological investigation. JSM Dentistry. 2014;2:1040."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Estimating arch length discrepancy through Little's irregularity index for epidemiological use","volume":"28","author":"Bernabe \n E,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bernabe \n E, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C. \n \n \n Estimating arch length discrepancy through Little's irregularity index for epidemiological use. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"703","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study","volume":"82","author":"Sebastian \n B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sebastian \n B. \n \n \n Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding: a randomized controlled prospective study. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:703\u2013708."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-4-499-b20","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"1300","article-title":"Effectiveness of non-conventional methods for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Gkantidis \n N,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gkantidis \n N, \n \n \n Mistakidis \n I, \n \n \n Kouskoura \n T, \n \n \n Pandis \n N. \n \n \n Effectiveness of non-conventional methods for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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