{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:55:28Z","timestamp":1783137328590,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare posttreatment stability in skeletal Class III patients between those treated by total mandibular arch distalization (TMAD) with buccal mini-implants and those by mandibular setback surgery (MSS).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n The samples included 40 Class III adults, 20 treated by TMAD using buccal interradicular mini-implants and 20 treated with MSS. Lateral cephalograms were taken at pretreatment, posttreatment, and at least 1-year follow-up, and 24 variables were compared using statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Mandibular first molars moved distally 1.9 mm with intrusion of 1.1 mm after treatment in the TMAD group. The mandibular incisors moved distally by 2.3 mm. The MSS group exhibited a significant skeletal change of the mandible, whereas the TMAD group did not. During retention, there were no skeletal or dental changes other than 0.6 mm labial movement of the mandibular incisors (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) in the MSS group. There was 1.4\u00b0 of mesial tipping (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01) and 0.4 mm of mesial movement of the mandibular molars and 1.9\u00b0 of labial tipping (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and 0.8 mm of mesial movement of the mandibular incisors in the TMAD group. These dental changes were not significantly different between the two groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The TMAD group showed a slightly decreased overjet with labial tipping of the mandibular incisors and mesial tipping of the first molars during retention. Posttreatment stability of the mandibular dentition was not significantly different between the groups. It can be useful to plan camouflage treatment by TMAD with mini-implants in mild-to-moderate Class III patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/062723-447.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T19:03:58Z","timestamp":1704827038000},"page":"159-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of posttreatment stability after total mandibular arch distalization with mini-implants and mandibular setback surgery"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Yoon-Ah","family":"Kook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam-Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"277","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of adult open bite using edgewise appliance combined with high-pull headgear and class III elastics","volume":"75","author":"Saito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saito\n I,\n \n \n Yamaki\n M,\n \n \n Hanada\n K.\n \n \n Nonsurgical treatment of adult open bite using edgewise appliance combined with high-pull headgear and class III elastics.\nAngle Orthod.\n2005;\n75:277\u2013283."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"43","article-title":"Stability of anterior openbite correction with multiloop edgewise archwire therapy: a cephalometric follow-up study","volume":"118","author":"Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim\n YH,\n \n \n Han\n UK,\n \n \n Lim\n DD,\n \n \n Serraon\n ML.\n \n \n Stability of anterior openbite correction with multiloop edgewise archwire therapy: a cephalometric follow-up study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2000;\n118:43\u201354."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"787","article-title":"Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"128","author":"Janson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janson\n G,\n \n \n de Souza\n JE,\n \n \n Alves Fde\n A,\n \n \n Andrade\n P\n Jr,\n \n \n Nakamura\n A,\n \n \n de Freitas\n MR,\n \n \n Henriques\n JF.\n \n \n Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2005;\n128:787\u2013794."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b04","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"300","article-title":"Camouflage of moderate Class III malocclusions with extraction of lower second molars and mandibular cervical headgear","volume":"8","author":"Mora","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mora\n DR,\n \n \n Oberti\n G,\n \n \n Ealo\n M,\n \n \n Baccetti\n T.\n \n \n Camouflage of moderate Class III malocclusions with extraction of lower second molars and mandibular cervical headgear.\nProg Orthod.\n2007;\n8:300\u2013307."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"336","article-title":"Adult Class III treatment using a J-hook headgear to the mandibular arch","volume":"80","author":"Kuroda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuroda\n Y,\n \n \n Kuroda\n S,\n \n \n Alexander\n RG,\n \n \n Tanaka\n E.\n \n \n Adult Class III treatment using a J-hook headgear to the mandibular arch.\nAngle Orthod.\n2010;\n80:336\u2013343."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"247","article-title":"Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment","volume":"113","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell\n S,\n \n \n Nanda\n RS,\n \n \n Ghosh\n J.\n \n \n Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n113:247\u2013255."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"854","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"142","author":"Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu\n H,\n \n \n Chen\n J,\n \n \n Guo\n J,\n \n \n Li\n F,\n \n \n Liu\n Z,\n \n \n He\n S,\n \n \n Zou\n S.\n \n \n Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2012;\n142:854\u2013862."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b08","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"Molar distalization with a miniscrew-anchored sliding jig","volume":"45","author":"Lim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lim\n JK,\n \n \n Jeon\n HJ,\n \n \n Kim\n JH.\n \n \n Molar distalization with a miniscrew-anchored sliding jig.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2011;\n45:368\u2013377."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"715","article-title":"Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion","volume":"144","author":"Tai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tai\n K,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Tatamiya\n M,\n \n \n Kojima\n Y.\n \n \n Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n144:715\u2013725."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"877","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization","volume":"143","author":"Jing","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jing\n Y,\n \n \n Han\n X,\n \n \n Guo\n Y,\n \n \n Li\n J,\n \n \n Bai\n D.\n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n143:877\u2013887."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Class III malocclusion treated with distalization of the mandibular dentition with miniscrew anchorage: A 2-year follow-up","volume":"148","author":"Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen\n K,\n \n \n Cao\n Y.\n \n \n Class III malocclusion treated with distalization of the mandibular dentition with miniscrew anchorage: A 2-year follow-up.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2015;\n148:1043\u20131053."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b12","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1974","article-title":"Treatment effects of distal movement of lower arch with miniscrews in the retromolar area compared with miniscrews in the posterior area of the maxillary","volume":"24","author":"Ye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ye\n C,\n \n \n Zhihe\n Z,\n \n \n Zhao\n Q,\n \n \n Ye\n J.\n \n \n Treatment effects of distal movement of lower arch with miniscrews in the retromolar area compared with miniscrews in the posterior area of the maxillary.\nJ Craniofac Surg.\n2013;\n24:1974\u20131979."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"905","article-title":"Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang\n C,\n \n \n Liu\n SS,\n \n \n Roberts\n WE.\n \n \n Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:905\u2013910."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"745","article-title":"Bone and cortical bone thickness of mandibular buccal shelf for mini-screw insertion in adults","volume":"87","author":"Nucera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nucera\n R,\n \n \n Lo Giudice\n A,\n \n \n Bellocchio\n AM,\n \n \n Spinuzza\n P,\n \n \n Caprioglio\n A,\n \n \n Perillo\n L,\n \n \n Matarese\n G,\n \n \n Cordasco\n G.\n \n \n Bone and cortical bone thickness of mandibular buccal shelf for mini-screw insertion in adults.\nAngle Orthod.\n2017;\n87:745\u2013751."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"130","article-title":"Distal movement of mandibular molars in adult patients with the skeletal anchorage system","volume":"125","author":"Sugawara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sugawara\n J,\n \n \n Daimaruya\n T,\n \n \n Umemori\n M,\n \n \n Nagasaka\n H,\n \n \n Takahashi\n I,\n \n \n Kawamura\n H,\n \n \n Mitani\n H.\n \n \n Distal movement of mandibular molars in adult patients with the skeletal anchorage system.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2004;\n125:130\u2013138."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b16","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate","volume":"46","author":"Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu\n J,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n \n Kim\n S,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n CH.\n \n \n Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate.\nKorean J Orthod.\n2016;\n46:212\u2013219."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"135","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation","volume":"137","author":"Chung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chung\n KR,\n \n \n Kim\n SH,\n \n \n Choo\n H,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Cope\n JB.\n \n \n Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n137:135\u2013146."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"630","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage","volume":"83","author":"He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He\n S,\n \n \n Gao\n J,\n \n \n Wamalwa\n P,\n \n \n Wang\n Y,\n \n \n Zou\n S,\n \n \n Chen\n S.\n \n \n Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage.\nAngle Orthod.\n2013;\n83:630\u2013640."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b19","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"183","article-title":"Mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a 12-year follow-up","volume":"63","author":"Eggensperger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eggensperger\n N,\n \n \n Raditsch\n T,\n \n \n Taghizadeh\n F,\n \n \n Iizuka\n T.\n \n \n Mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a 12-year follow-up.\nActa Odontol Scand.\n2005;\n63:183\u2013188."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b20","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"83","article-title":"Long-term stability of mandibular setback surgery: a follow-up of 80 bilateral sagittal split osteotomy patients","volume":"15","author":"Mobarak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA,\n \n \n Krogstad\n O,\n \n \n Espeland\n L,\n \n \n Lyberg\n T.\n \n \n Long-term stability of mandibular setback surgery: a follow-up of 80 bilateral sagittal split osteotomy patients.\nInt J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg.\n2000;\n15:83\u201395."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b21","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Comparing stability of mandibular setback versus 2-Jaw surgery in Class III patients with minimal presurgical orthodontics","volume":"75","author":"Larson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Larson\n BE,\n \n \n Lee\n NK,\n \n \n Jang\n MJ,\n \n \n Yun\n PY,\n \n \n Kim\n JW,\n \n \n Kim\n YK.\n \n \n Comparing stability of mandibular setback versus 2-Jaw surgery in Class III patients with minimal presurgical orthodontics.\nJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n2017;\n75:1240\u20131248."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b22","series-title":"Behav Res Methods","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul\n F,\n \n \n Erdfelder\n E,\n \n \n Buchner\n A,\n \n \n Lang\n AG.\n \n \n Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses.\nBehav Res Methods.\n2009;\n41:1149\u20131160."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"Case report: developmental characterization of skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"64","author":"Sato","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sato\n S.\n \n \n Case report: developmental characterization of skeletal Class III malocclusion.\nAngle Orthod.\n1994;\n64:105\u2013111."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"470","article-title":"Treatment effects of microimplant-aided sliding mechanics on distal retraction of posterior teeth","volume":"139","author":"Oh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oh\n YH,\n \n \n Park\n HS,\n \n \n Kwon\n TG.\n \n \n Treatment effects of microimplant-aided sliding mechanics on distal retraction of posterior teeth\n .\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n .\n2011;\n139:470\u2013481."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"602","article-title":"Group distal movement of teeth using microscrew implant anchorage","volume":"75","author":"Park","year":"2005","unstructured":"Park\n HS,\n \n \n Lee\n SK,\n \n \n Kwon\n OW.\n \n \n Group distal movement of teeth using microscrew implant anchorage.\nAngle Orthod.\n2005;\n75:602\u2013609."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"943","article-title":"Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class III open-bite malocclusion","volume":"148","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts\n WE,\n \n \n Viecilli\n RF,\n \n \n Chang\n C,\n \n \n Katona\n TR,\n \n \n Paydar\n NH.\n \n \n Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class III open-bite malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2015;\n148:943\u2013955."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b27","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"148","article-title":"Biomechanical considerations for total distalization of the mandibular dentition in the treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Heo\n S,\n \n \n Tai\n K,\n \n \n Kojima\n Y,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Chae\n JM.\n \n \n Biomechanical considerations for total distalization of the mandibular dentition in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.\nSemin Orthod.\n2020;\n26:148\u2013156."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b28","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"352","article-title":"Stability of hard tissue profile after mandibular setback in sagittal split osteotomies: a longitudinal and long-term follow-up study","volume":"30","author":"Joss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joss\n CU,\n \n \n Th\u00fcer\n UW.\n \n \n Stability of hard tissue profile after mandibular setback in sagittal split osteotomies: a longitudinal and long-term follow-up study.\nEur J Orthod.\n2008;\n30:352\u2013358."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"52","article-title":"Bone availability for mandibular molar distalization in adults with mandibular prognathism","volume":"88","author":"Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi\n YT,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ,\n \n \n Yang\n KS,\n \n \n Lee\n DY.\n \n \n Bone availability for mandibular molar distalization in adults with mandibular prognathism.\nAngle Orthod.\n2018;\n88:52\u201357."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"277","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of adult open bite using edgewise appliance combined with high-pull headgear and class III elastics","volume":"75","author":"Saito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saito\n I,\n \n \n Yamaki\n M,\n \n \n Hanada\n K.\n \n \n Nonsurgical treatment of adult open bite using edgewise appliance combined with high-pull headgear and class III elastics.\nAngle Orthod.\n2005;\n75:277\u2013283."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"43","article-title":"Stability of anterior openbite correction with multiloop edgewise archwire therapy: a cephalometric follow-up study","volume":"118","author":"Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim\n YH,\n \n \n Han\n UK,\n \n \n Lim\n DD,\n \n \n Serraon\n ML.\n \n \n Stability of anterior openbite correction with multiloop edgewise archwire therapy: a cephalometric follow-up study.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2000;\n118:43\u201354."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"787","article-title":"Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"128","author":"Janson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janson\n G,\n \n \n de Souza\n JE,\n \n \n Alves Fde\n A,\n \n \n Andrade\n P\n Jr,\n \n \n Nakamura\n A,\n \n \n de Freitas\n MR,\n \n \n Henriques\n JF.\n \n \n Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2005;\n128:787\u2013794."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b04","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"300","article-title":"Camouflage of moderate Class III malocclusions with extraction of lower second molars and mandibular cervical headgear","volume":"8","author":"Mora","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mora\n DR,\n \n \n Oberti\n G,\n \n \n Ealo\n M,\n \n \n Baccetti\n T.\n \n \n Camouflage of moderate Class III malocclusions with extraction of lower second molars and mandibular cervical headgear.\nProg Orthod.\n2007;\n8:300\u2013307."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"336","article-title":"Adult Class III treatment using a J-hook headgear to the mandibular arch","volume":"80","author":"Kuroda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuroda\n Y,\n \n \n Kuroda\n S,\n \n \n Alexander\n RG,\n \n \n Tanaka\n E.\n \n \n Adult Class III treatment using a J-hook headgear to the mandibular arch.\nAngle Orthod.\n2010;\n80:336\u2013343."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"247","article-title":"Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment","volume":"113","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell\n S,\n \n \n Nanda\n RS,\n \n \n Ghosh\n J.\n \n \n Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n113:247\u2013255."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"854","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"142","author":"Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu\n H,\n \n \n Chen\n J,\n \n \n Guo\n J,\n \n \n Li\n F,\n \n \n Liu\n Z,\n \n \n He\n S,\n \n \n Zou\n S.\n \n \n Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2012;\n142:854\u2013862."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b08","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"Molar distalization with a miniscrew-anchored sliding jig","volume":"45","author":"Lim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lim\n JK,\n \n \n Jeon\n HJ,\n \n \n Kim\n JH.\n \n \n Molar distalization with a miniscrew-anchored sliding jig.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2011;\n45:368\u2013377."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"715","article-title":"Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion","volume":"144","author":"Tai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tai\n K,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Tatamiya\n M,\n \n \n Kojima\n Y.\n \n \n Distal movement of the mandibular dentition with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class III malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n144:715\u2013725."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"877","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization","volume":"143","author":"Jing","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jing\n Y,\n \n \n Han\n X,\n \n \n Guo\n Y,\n \n \n Li\n J,\n \n \n Bai\n D.\n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n143:877\u2013887."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Class III malocclusion treated with distalization of the mandibular dentition with miniscrew anchorage: A 2-year follow-up","volume":"148","author":"Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen\n K,\n \n \n Cao\n Y.\n \n \n Class III malocclusion treated with distalization of the mandibular dentition with miniscrew anchorage: A 2-year follow-up.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2015;\n148:1043\u20131053."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b12","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1974","article-title":"Treatment effects of distal movement of lower arch with miniscrews in the retromolar area compared with miniscrews in the posterior area of the maxillary","volume":"24","author":"Ye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ye\n C,\n \n \n Zhihe\n Z,\n \n \n Zhao\n Q,\n \n \n Ye\n J.\n \n \n Treatment effects of distal movement of lower arch with miniscrews in the retromolar area compared with miniscrews in the posterior area of the maxillary.\nJ Craniofac Surg.\n2013;\n24:1974\u20131979."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"905","article-title":"Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang\n C,\n \n \n Liu\n SS,\n \n \n Roberts\n WE.\n \n \n Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:905\u2013910."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"745","article-title":"Bone and cortical bone thickness of mandibular buccal shelf for mini-screw insertion in adults","volume":"87","author":"Nucera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nucera\n R,\n \n \n Lo Giudice\n A,\n \n \n Bellocchio\n AM,\n \n \n Spinuzza\n P,\n \n \n Caprioglio\n A,\n \n \n Perillo\n L,\n \n \n Matarese\n G,\n \n \n Cordasco\n G.\n \n \n Bone and cortical bone thickness of mandibular buccal shelf for mini-screw insertion in adults.\nAngle Orthod.\n2017;\n87:745\u2013751."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"130","article-title":"Distal movement of mandibular molars in adult patients with the skeletal anchorage system","volume":"125","author":"Sugawara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sugawara\n J,\n \n \n Daimaruya\n T,\n \n \n Umemori\n M,\n \n \n Nagasaka\n H,\n \n \n Takahashi\n I,\n \n \n Kawamura\n H,\n \n \n Mitani\n H.\n \n \n Distal movement of mandibular molars in adult patients with the skeletal anchorage system.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2004;\n125:130\u2013138."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b16","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate","volume":"46","author":"Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu\n J,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n \n Kim\n S,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n CH.\n \n \n Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate.\nKorean J Orthod.\n2016;\n46:212\u2013219."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"135","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation","volume":"137","author":"Chung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chung\n KR,\n \n \n Kim\n SH,\n \n \n Choo\n H,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Cope\n JB.\n \n \n Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n137:135\u2013146."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"630","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage","volume":"83","author":"He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He\n S,\n \n \n Gao\n J,\n \n \n Wamalwa\n P,\n \n \n Wang\n Y,\n \n \n Zou\n S,\n \n \n Chen\n S.\n \n \n Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage.\nAngle Orthod.\n2013;\n83:630\u2013640."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b19","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"183","article-title":"Mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a 12-year follow-up","volume":"63","author":"Eggensperger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eggensperger\n N,\n \n \n Raditsch\n T,\n \n \n Taghizadeh\n F,\n \n \n Iizuka\n T.\n \n \n Mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a 12-year follow-up.\nActa Odontol Scand.\n2005;\n63:183\u2013188."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b20","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"83","article-title":"Long-term stability of mandibular setback surgery: a follow-up of 80 bilateral sagittal split osteotomy patients","volume":"15","author":"Mobarak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA,\n \n \n Krogstad\n O,\n \n \n Espeland\n L,\n \n \n Lyberg\n T.\n \n \n Long-term stability of mandibular setback surgery: a follow-up of 80 bilateral sagittal split osteotomy patients.\nInt J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg.\n2000;\n15:83\u201395."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b21","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Comparing stability of mandibular setback versus 2-Jaw surgery in Class III patients with minimal presurgical orthodontics","volume":"75","author":"Larson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Larson\n BE,\n \n \n Lee\n NK,\n \n \n Jang\n MJ,\n \n \n Yun\n PY,\n \n \n Kim\n JW,\n \n \n Kim\n YK.\n \n \n Comparing stability of mandibular setback versus 2-Jaw surgery in Class III patients with minimal presurgical orthodontics.\nJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n2017;\n75:1240\u20131248."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b22","series-title":"Behav Res Methods","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul\n F,\n \n \n Erdfelder\n E,\n \n \n Buchner\n A,\n \n \n Lang\n AG.\n \n \n Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses.\nBehav Res Methods.\n2009;\n41:1149\u20131160."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"Case report: developmental characterization of skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"64","author":"Sato","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sato\n S.\n \n \n Case report: developmental characterization of skeletal Class III malocclusion.\nAngle Orthod.\n1994;\n64:105\u2013111."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"470","article-title":"Treatment effects of microimplant-aided sliding mechanics on distal retraction of posterior teeth","volume":"139","author":"Oh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oh\n YH,\n \n \n Park\n HS,\n \n \n Kwon\n TG.\n \n \n Treatment effects of microimplant-aided sliding mechanics on distal retraction of posterior teeth\n .\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n .\n2011;\n139:470\u2013481."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"602","article-title":"Group distal movement of teeth using microscrew implant anchorage","volume":"75","author":"Park","year":"2005","unstructured":"Park\n HS,\n \n \n Lee\n SK,\n \n \n Kwon\n OW.\n \n \n Group distal movement of teeth using microscrew implant anchorage.\nAngle Orthod.\n2005;\n75:602\u2013609."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"943","article-title":"Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class III open-bite malocclusion","volume":"148","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts\n WE,\n \n \n Viecilli\n RF,\n \n \n Chang\n C,\n \n \n Katona\n TR,\n \n \n Paydar\n NH.\n \n \n Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class III open-bite malocclusion.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2015;\n148:943\u2013955."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b27","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"148","article-title":"Biomechanical considerations for total distalization of the mandibular dentition in the treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Heo\n S,\n \n \n Tai\n K,\n \n \n Kojima\n Y,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Chae\n JM.\n \n \n Biomechanical considerations for total distalization of the mandibular dentition in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.\nSemin Orthod.\n2020;\n26:148\u2013156."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b28","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"352","article-title":"Stability of hard tissue profile after mandibular setback in sagittal split osteotomies: a longitudinal and long-term follow-up study","volume":"30","author":"Joss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joss\n CU,\n \n \n Th\u00fcer\n UW.\n \n \n Stability of hard tissue profile after mandibular setback in sagittal split osteotomies: a longitudinal and long-term follow-up study.\nEur J Orthod.\n2008;\n30:352\u2013358."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-159-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"52","article-title":"Bone availability for mandibular molar distalization in adults with mandibular prognathism","volume":"88","author":"Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi\n YT,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ,\n \n \n Yang\n KS,\n \n \n Lee\n DY.\n \n \n Bone availability for mandibular molar distalization in adults with mandibular prognathism.\nAngle Orthod.\n2018;\n88:52\u201357."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p159.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/94\/2\/159\/3333090\/i1945-7103-94-2-159.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p159.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p159.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:22:29Z","timestamp":1780064549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p159.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/062723-447.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}