{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:40:58Z","timestamp":1790012458807,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To determine the histological reaction of the root and bone as a mini-implant approaches the root.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Two kinds of mini-implants were inserted into the buccal alveolar bone of 4 beagles (2 males and 2 females). The specimens were classified as the near-root group, the PDL contact group, the root contact group, and the root perforation group. Cementum resorption, dentin resorption, cementum repair, cementum growth, ankylosis, root cracking, and root fracture were assessed as the implant neared the root.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The incidence of root resorption increased when the mini-implant was less than 0.6 mm from the root in the near-root group and PDL contact group. Root cracking and root fracture occurred in the root contact group and root perforation group. Bone resorption and ankylosis were observed in some specimens. However, some specimens of the PDL contact group and root contact group had cementum growth or little root resorption despite proximity to the root. In the root perforation group, root resorption and ankylosis occurred on the side opposite the insertion.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>There is a risk of root contact and severe tissue damage from a thick mini-implant and the drilling procedure, either of which can induce root resorption or ankylosis. Use of smaller mini-implants may reduce root contact and tissue damage. However, the small mini-implant may need enhancement of its stability.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/070209-369.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T15:19:40Z","timestamp":1262704780000},"page":"452-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Root and Bone Response to the Proximity of a Mini-Implant under Orthodontic Loading"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yang-Ku","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam City, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hak","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Il","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-3-452-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction.","volume":"115","author":"Umemori, M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Umemori, M., J.Sugawara, H.Mitani, H.Nagasaka, and H.Kawamura. 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Root proximity is a major factor for screw failure in orthodontic anchorage.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2007. 131:S68\u2013S73."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-3-452-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"353","article-title":"Contact damage to root surfaces of premolars touching miniscrews during orthodontic treatment.","volume":"134","author":"Kadioglu, O.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kadioglu, O., T.B\u00fcy\u00fckyilmaz, B. U.Zachrisson, and B. G.Maino. Contact damage to root surfaces of premolars touching miniscrews during orthodontic treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:353\u2013360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-3-452-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Histomorphometric and mechanical analyses of the drill-free screw as orthodontic anchorage.","volume":"128","author":"Kim, J. W.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim, J. W., S. J.Ahn, and Y. I.Chang. 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W.Kim. rotational resistance of surface-treated mini-implants.Angle Orthod2009. 79:899\u2013907."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/3\/article-p452.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/3\/article-p452.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/3\/article-p452.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:49:53Z","timestamp":1747356593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/3\/article-p452.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/070209-369.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}