{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:49Z","timestamp":1780067209991,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate whether extractions in adult anterior openbite (AOB) patients lead to improved treatment outcomes and better short-term stability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Records of extraction (EXT) and nonextraction (NE) adult patients were identified from all patients treated with fixed appliances through the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Photographic Openbite Severity Index was used to assess treatment success and stability. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue treatment outcomes were evaluated using cephalometric analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Pretreatment and posttreatment records were collected for 115 patients. Thirty-three were treated with extractions; 82 were treated without extractions. The EXT group was younger, more crowded, and had less previous orthodontic treatment. Success rate of AOB correction in the EXT group was slightly higher (97%) than the NE group (92%) but not statistically different. No significant differences were observed in skeletal outcomes. The EXT group exhibited more lingual tipping and posterior movement of maxillary and mandibular incisors and less extrusion of mandibular incisors. Dental changes in the EXT group were associated with increased nasolabial angle and lip retraction. The small number of patients with AOB relapse did not provide enough power to identify differences in stability between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Orthodontists have high success correcting AOB with or without extractions. The EXT group displayed more retraction and lingual tipping of incisors as well as increased retraction of soft tissues. Stability of AOB closure was more than 90% for both groups after 1 year, with marginal increases in stability after extractions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/070224-518.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T19:00:37Z","timestamp":1738177237000},"page":"149-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment outcomes and short-term stability in adult anterior openbite patients treated with or without extractions: a National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Greenlee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Leroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerasathpurush","family":"Allareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungsup","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vermette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg J.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b01","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit","year":"1998","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Fields\n HW,\n \n \n Lj\n M.\n \n \n Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b02","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"91","article-title":"Open bite: a review of etiology and management","volume":"19","author":"Ngan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ngan\n P,\n \n \n Fields\n HW.\n \n \n Open bite: a review of etiology and management. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19:91\u201398."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Skeletal morphologic features of anterior open bite","volume":"85","author":"Cangialosi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cangialosi\n TJ.\n \n \n Skeletal morphologic features of anterior open bite. Am J Orthod. 1984;85:28\u201336."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"e137","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment success","volume":"158","author":"Todoki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Todoki\n LS,\n \n \n Finkleman\n SA,\n \n \n Funkhouser\n E,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment success. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158:e137\u2013e150."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"407","article-title":"Vertical changes following orthodontic extraction treatment in skeletal open bite subjects","volume":"24","author":"Aras","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aras\n A.\n \n \n Vertical changes following orthodontic extraction treatment in skeletal open bite subjects. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:407\u2013416."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"768","article-title":"Stability of anterior open-bite extraction and nonextraction treatment in the permanent dentition","volume":"129","author":"Janson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janson\n G,\n \n \n Valarelli\n FP,\n \n \n Beltr\u00e3o\n RTS,\n \n \n de Freitas\n MR,\n \n \n Henriques\n JFC.\n \n \n Stability of anterior open-bite extraction and nonextraction treatment in the permanent dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:768\u2013774."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"154","article-title":"Stability of treatment for anterior open-bite malocclusion: a meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Greenlee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenlee\n GM,\n \n \n Huang\n GJ,\n \n \n Chen\n SS-H,\n \n \n Chen\n J,\n \n \n Koepsell\n T,\n \n \n Hujoel\n P.\n \n \n Stability of treatment for anterior open-bite malocclusion: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139:154\u2013169."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b08","series-title":"Turk J Orthod","first-page":"21","article-title":"The factors affecting long-term stability in anterior open-bite correction\u2014a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Al Thomali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al Thomali\n Y,\n \n \n Basha\n S,\n \n \n Mohamed\n RN.\n \n \n The factors affecting long-term stability in anterior open-bite correction\u2014a systematic review. Turk J Orthod. 2017;30:21\u201327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b09","series-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evaluating the stability of open bite treatments and its predictive factors in the retention phase during permanent dentition","volume":"16","author":"Salehi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salehi\n P,\n \n \n Pakshir\n HR,\n \n \n Hoseini\n SAR.\n \n \n Evaluating the stability of open bite treatments and its predictive factors in the retention phase during permanent dentition. J Dent (Shiraz). 2015;16:22\u201329."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"675","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network adult anterior open bite study: a description of the practitioners and patients","volume":"88","author":"Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi\n KW,\n \n \n Ko\n H-C,\n \n \n Todoki\n LS,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network adult anterior open bite study: a description of the practitioners and patients. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:675\u2013683."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"312","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment recommendations and their association with patient and practitioner characteristics","volume":"156","author":"Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang\n G,\n \n \n Baltuck\n C,\n \n \n Funkhouser\n E,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment recommendations and their association with patient and practitioner characteristics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2019;156:312\u2013325."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"e121","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: patient satisfaction with treatment","volume":"158","author":"Finkleman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finkleman\n SA,\n \n \n Todoki\n LS,\n \n \n Funkhouser\n E,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: patient satisfaction with treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158:e121\u2013e136."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b13","series-title":"J Clin Transl Sci","first-page":"e87","article-title":"Structure, function, and productivity from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network","volume":"6","author":"Gilbert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gilbert\n GH,\n \n \n Fellows\n JL,\n \n \n Allareddy\n V,\n \n et al.\n Structure, function, and productivity from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. J Clin Transl Sci. 2022;6:e87."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b14","series-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Photographic Open Bite Severity Index (POSI)","author":"Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan\n SX.\n \n \n \n Validity and Reliability of the Photographic Open Bite Severity Index (POSI)\n \n [master\u2019s thesis].\n Seattle, Wash: University of Washington; 2023."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b15","series-title":"Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences","first-page":"98","article-title":"Experiments in field settings","author":"French","year":"1953","unstructured":"French\n JRP.\n \n \n Experiments in field settings. In: FestingerL,KatzD, eds. Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences. New York, New York: Dryden Press; 1953:98\u2013135."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"599","article-title":"Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthognathic surgery outcomes","volume":"132","author":"Kuroda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda\n S,\n \n \n Sakai\n Y,\n \n \n Tamamura\n N,\n \n \n Deguchi\n T,\n \n \n Takano-Yamamoto\n T.\n \n \n Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthognathic surgery outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2007;132:599\u2013605."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b17","series-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract","first-page":"193","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Almurtadha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almurtadha\n RH,\n \n \n Alhammadi\n MS,\n \n \n Fayed\n MMS,\n \n \n Abou-El-Ezz\n A,\n \n \n Halboub\n E.\n \n \n Changes in soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2018;18:193\u2013202."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b18","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"167","article-title":"Soft tissue changes following extraction vs. nonextraction orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Konstantonis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Konstantonis\n D,\n \n \n Vasileiou\n D,\n \n \n Papageorgiou\n SN,\n \n \n Eliades\n T.\n \n \n Soft tissue changes following extraction vs. nonextraction orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Oral Sci. 2018;126:167\u2013179."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b01","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit","year":"1998","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Fields\n HW,\n \n \n Lj\n M.\n \n \n Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13:97\u2013106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b02","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"91","article-title":"Open bite: a review of etiology and management","volume":"19","author":"Ngan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ngan\n P,\n \n \n Fields\n HW.\n \n \n Open bite: a review of etiology and management. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19:91\u201398."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Skeletal morphologic features of anterior open bite","volume":"85","author":"Cangialosi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cangialosi\n TJ.\n \n \n Skeletal morphologic features of anterior open bite. Am J Orthod. 1984;85:28\u201336."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"e137","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment success","volume":"158","author":"Todoki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Todoki\n LS,\n \n \n Finkleman\n SA,\n \n \n Funkhouser\n E,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment success. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158:e137\u2013e150."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"407","article-title":"Vertical changes following orthodontic extraction treatment in skeletal open bite subjects","volume":"24","author":"Aras","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aras\n A.\n \n \n Vertical changes following orthodontic extraction treatment in skeletal open bite subjects. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:407\u2013416."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"768","article-title":"Stability of anterior open-bite extraction and nonextraction treatment in the permanent dentition","volume":"129","author":"Janson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janson\n G,\n \n \n Valarelli\n FP,\n \n \n Beltr\u00e3o\n RTS,\n \n \n de Freitas\n MR,\n \n \n Henriques\n JFC.\n \n \n Stability of anterior open-bite extraction and nonextraction treatment in the permanent dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129:768\u2013774."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"154","article-title":"Stability of treatment for anterior open-bite malocclusion: a meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Greenlee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenlee\n GM,\n \n \n Huang\n GJ,\n \n \n Chen\n SS-H,\n \n \n Chen\n J,\n \n \n Koepsell\n T,\n \n \n Hujoel\n P.\n \n \n Stability of treatment for anterior open-bite malocclusion: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139:154\u2013169."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b08","series-title":"Turk J Orthod","first-page":"21","article-title":"The factors affecting long-term stability in anterior open-bite correction\u2014a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Al Thomali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al Thomali\n Y,\n \n \n Basha\n S,\n \n \n Mohamed\n RN.\n \n \n The factors affecting long-term stability in anterior open-bite correction\u2014a systematic review. Turk J Orthod. 2017;30:21\u201327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b09","series-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evaluating the stability of open bite treatments and its predictive factors in the retention phase during permanent dentition","volume":"16","author":"Salehi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salehi\n P,\n \n \n Pakshir\n HR,\n \n \n Hoseini\n SAR.\n \n \n Evaluating the stability of open bite treatments and its predictive factors in the retention phase during permanent dentition. J Dent (Shiraz). 2015;16:22\u201329."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"675","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network adult anterior open bite study: a description of the practitioners and patients","volume":"88","author":"Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi\n KW,\n \n \n Ko\n H-C,\n \n \n Todoki\n LS,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network adult anterior open bite study: a description of the practitioners and patients. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:675\u2013683."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"312","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment recommendations and their association with patient and practitioner characteristics","volume":"156","author":"Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang\n G,\n \n \n Baltuck\n C,\n \n \n Funkhouser\n E,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: treatment recommendations and their association with patient and practitioner characteristics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2019;156:312\u2013325."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"e121","article-title":"The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: patient satisfaction with treatment","volume":"158","author":"Finkleman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finkleman\n SA,\n \n \n Todoki\n LS,\n \n \n Funkhouser\n E,\n \n et al.\n The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Adult Anterior Open Bite Study: patient satisfaction with treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158:e121\u2013e136."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b13","series-title":"J Clin Transl Sci","first-page":"e87","article-title":"Structure, function, and productivity from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network","volume":"6","author":"Gilbert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gilbert\n GH,\n \n \n Fellows\n JL,\n \n \n Allareddy\n V,\n \n et al.\n Structure, function, and productivity from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. J Clin Transl Sci. 2022;6:e87."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b14","series-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Photographic Open Bite Severity Index (POSI)","author":"Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan\n SX.\n \n \n \n Validity and Reliability of the Photographic Open Bite Severity Index (POSI)\n \n [master\u2019s thesis].\n Seattle, Wash: University of Washington; 2023."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b15","series-title":"Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences","first-page":"98","article-title":"Experiments in field settings","author":"French","year":"1953","unstructured":"French\n JRP.\n \n \n Experiments in field settings. In: FestingerL,KatzD, eds. Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences. New York, New York: Dryden Press; 1953:98\u2013135."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"599","article-title":"Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthognathic surgery outcomes","volume":"132","author":"Kuroda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda\n S,\n \n \n Sakai\n Y,\n \n \n Tamamura\n N,\n \n \n Deguchi\n T,\n \n \n Takano-Yamamoto\n T.\n \n \n Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthognathic surgery outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2007;132:599\u2013605."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b17","series-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract","first-page":"193","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Almurtadha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almurtadha\n RH,\n \n \n Alhammadi\n MS,\n \n \n Fayed\n MMS,\n \n \n Abou-El-Ezz\n A,\n \n \n Halboub\n E.\n \n \n Changes in soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2018;18:193\u2013202."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-149-b18","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"167","article-title":"Soft tissue changes following extraction vs. nonextraction orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Konstantonis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Konstantonis\n D,\n \n \n Vasileiou\n D,\n \n \n Papageorgiou\n SN,\n \n \n Eliades\n T.\n \n \n Soft tissue changes following extraction vs. nonextraction orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Oral Sci. 2018;126:167\u2013179."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p149.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/95\/2\/149\/3488999\/i1945-7103-95-2-149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p149.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p149.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:44:57Z","timestamp":1780065897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p149.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/070224-518.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}