{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:30:36Z","timestamp":1784647836266,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To assess alterations in respiratory muscle strength and inspiratory and expiratory peak flow, as well as skeletal and dental changes in patients diagnosed with transverse maxillary deficiency before and after microimplant-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Twenty patients (13 female and 7 male) were assessed by respiratory tests in three different periods: T0 initial, T1 immediately after expansion, and T2 after 5 months. Tests included: maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), oral expiratory peak flow, and inspiratory nasal flow. Cone-beam computed tomography measurements were performed in the maxillary arch, nasal cavity, and airway before and immediately after expansion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n There was a significant increase in MIP between T0 and T2 and MEP between T0 and T1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.05). Oral and nasal peak flow increased immediately after and 5 months later, especially in patients with initial signs of airway obstruction (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.05). In addition, after expansion there was a significant enlargement of the nasal cavity, alveolar bone, and interdental widths at the premolar and molar region. Molars tipped buccally (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.05) but no difference was found in premolar inclination. MARPE increased airway volume significantly.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Skeletal changes promoted by MARPE directly affected airway volume, resulting in a significant improvement in muscle strength and nasal and oral peak flow.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/070518-504.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T11:52:45Z","timestamp":1553169165000},"page":"713-720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Assessment of respiratory muscle strength and airflow before and after microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Camilla Juliana","family":"Storto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student, Department of Postgraduate Orthodontics, S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aguinaldo Silva","family":"Garcez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Microbiology, S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Postgraduate Orthodontics, S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla Garcez","family":"Cusmanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Graduate Physical Therapy, University of Taubat\u00e9, Taubat\u00e9, SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Elkenawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc student and Resident, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Program Director, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selly Sayuri","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Postgraduate Orthodontics, S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"173","article-title":"Longitudinal study and cost-benefit analysis of the effect of early treatment of posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition","volume":"14","author":"Kurol \n J,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kurol \n J, \n \n \n Berglund \n L. \n \n \n Longitudinal study and cost-benefit analysis of the effect of early treatment of posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition. 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Angle Orthod. 2016;86(5):713\u2013720."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"17","article-title":"Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE): the quest for pure orthopedic movement","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki \n H,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suzuki \n H, \n \n \n Moon \n W, \n \n \n Previdente \n LH, \n \n \n Suzuki \n SS, \n \n \n Garcez \n AS, \n \n \n Consolaro \n A. \n \n \n Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE): the quest for pure orthopedic movement. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016;21(4):17\u201323."},{"issue":"52","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b13","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on the nasomaxillary complex\u2013a finite element method (FEM) analysis","volume":"15","author":"MacGinnis \n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"MacGinnis \n M, \n \n \n Chu \n H, \n \n \n Youssef \n G, \n \n \n Wu \n KW, \n \n \n Machado \n AW, \n \n \n Moon \n W. \n \n \n The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on the nasomaxillary complex\u2013a finite element method (FEM) analysis. 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A prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study","volume":"16","author":"Almuzian \n M,","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almuzian \n M, \n \n \n Ju \n X, \n \n \n Almukhtar \n A, \n \n \n Ayoub \n A, \n \n \n Al-Muzian \n L, \n \n \n McDonald \n JP. \n \n \n Does rapid maxillary expansion affect nasopharyngeal airway? A prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study. Surgeon. 2018;16(1):1\u201311."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: A cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"137","author":"Christie \n KF,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christie \n KF, \n \n \n Boucher \n N, \n \n \n Chung \n CH. \n \n \n Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: A cone-beam computed tomography study. 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MedicalExpress. 2016;3(1)1\u20135."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b09","series-title":"J Bras Pneumol","first-page":"306","article-title":"Novos valores de refer\u00eancia para press\u00f5es respirat\u00f3rias m\u00e1ximas na popula\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira","volume":"36","author":"Costa \n D,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Costa \n D, \n \n \n Gon\u00e7alves \n HA, \n \n \n Lima \n LP, \n \n \n Ike \n D, \n \n \n Cancelliero \n KM, \n \n \n Montebelo \n MIL. \n \n \n Novos valores de refer\u00eancia para press\u00f5es respirat\u00f3rias m\u00e1ximas na popula\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira. J Bras Pneumol. 2010;36(3):306\u2013312."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b10","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"An interview with Won Moon","volume":"18","author":"Machado \n AW,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado \n AW, \n \n \n Briss \n B, \n \n \n Huang \n G, \n \n \n Kulbersh \n R, \n \n \n Caldas \n SR. \n \n \n An interview with Won Moon. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013;18(3):12\u201328."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"713","article-title":"Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults","volume":"86","author":"Choi \n SH,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi \n SH, \n \n \n Shi \n KK, \n \n \n Cha \n JY, \n \n \n Park \n YC, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ. \n \n \n Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(5):713\u2013720."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"17","article-title":"Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE): the quest for pure orthopedic movement","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki \n H,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suzuki \n H, \n \n \n Moon \n W, \n \n \n Previdente \n LH, \n \n \n Suzuki \n SS, \n \n \n Garcez \n AS, \n \n \n Consolaro \n A. \n \n \n Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE): the quest for pure orthopedic movement. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016;21(4):17\u201323."},{"issue":"52","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b13","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on the nasomaxillary complex\u2013a finite element method (FEM) analysis","volume":"15","author":"MacGinnis \n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"MacGinnis \n M, \n \n \n Chu \n H, \n \n \n Youssef \n G, \n \n \n Wu \n KW, \n \n \n Machado \n AW, \n \n \n Moon \n W. \n \n \n The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on the nasomaxillary complex\u2013a finite element method (FEM) analysis. Prog Orthod. 2014;15(52):1\u201315."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b14","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"77","article-title":"Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion in young adults: A cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"47","author":"Park \n JJ,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park \n JJ, \n \n \n Park \n YC, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ, \n \n \n Cha \n JY, \n \n \n Tahk \n JH, \n \n \n Choi \n YJ. \n \n \n Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion in young adults: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Korean J Orthod. 2017;47(2):77\u201386."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"435","article-title":"Assessment of changes in the nasal airway after nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion in young adults","volume":"88","author":"Kim \n SY,","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim \n SY, \n \n \n Park \n YC, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ, \n \n et al. \n Assessment of changes in the nasal airway after nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(4):435\u2013441."},{"issue":"34","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b16","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with a novel 3D method based on CBCT imaging","volume":"18","author":"Cantarella \n D,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cantarella \n D, \n \n \n Dominguez-Mompell \n R, \n \n \n Mallya \n SM, \n \n et al. \n Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with a novel 3D method based on CBCT imaging. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(34):1\u201312."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n Mcnamara \n Jr\n J. \n \n \n An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. Angle Orthod. 2002;72(4):316\u2013323."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"716","article-title":"Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliance to orthopedically correct transverse maxillary deficiency in an adult","volume":"149","author":"Carlson \n C,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carlson \n C, \n \n \n Sung \n J, \n \n \n McComb \n RW, \n \n \n MacHado \n AW, \n \n \n Moon \n W. \n \n \n Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliance to orthopedically correct transverse maxillary deficiency in an adult. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2016;149(5):716\u2013728."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b19","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"Non-surgical treatment of transverse deficiency in adults using microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE)","volume":"22","author":"Brunetto \n DP,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brunetto \n DP, \n \n \n Sant'Anna \n EF, \n \n \n Machado \n AW, \n \n \n Moon \n W. \n \n \n Non-surgical treatment of transverse deficiency in adults using microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE). Dental Press J Orthod. 2017;22(1):110\u2013125."},{"issue":"Supl.2","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b20","series-title":"Arq Med ABC","first-page":"30","article-title":"Valores de refer\u00eancia de medidas de pico de fluxo expirat\u00f3rio m\u00e1ximo em escolares","volume":"32","author":"Boaventura \n CM,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boaventura \n CM, \n \n \n Amuy \n FF, \n \n \n Franco \n JH, \n \n \n Sgarbi \n ME, \n \n \n Matos \n LB, \n \n \n Matos \n LB. \n \n \n Valores de refer\u00eancia de medidas de pico de fluxo expirat\u00f3rio m\u00e1ximo em escolares. Arq Med ABC. 2007;32(Supl.2):30\u201334."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b21","series-title":"ConScientiae Sa\u00fade","first-page":"535","article-title":"Predicted normal values for maximal respiratory pressures in children","volume":"14","author":"Borja \n RDO,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borja \n RDO, \n \n \n Campos \n TF, \n \n \n Freitas \n DA, \n \n \n Mac\u00eado \n TMF, \n \n \n Mendon\u00e7a \n WCM, \n \n \n Mendon\u00e7a \n KMPP. \n \n \n Predicted normal values for maximal respiratory pressures in children. ConScientiae Sa\u00fade. 2015;14(2):535\u2013538."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b22","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"1068","article-title":"New regression equations for predicting peak expiratory flow in adults","volume":"298","author":"Nunn \n AJ,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nunn \n AJ, \n \n \n Gregg \n I. \n \n \n New regression equations for predicting peak expiratory flow in adults. BMJ. 1989;298:1068\u20131070."},{"issue":"4051","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b23","series-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Asthma","first-page":"1","article-title":"National Asthma Education Program Expert Panel Report II","volume":"97","year":"1997","unstructured":"National Asthma Education Program Expert Panel Report II(1997): Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Asthma. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health Publication. 97(4051):1\u2013153."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b24","series-title":"Siriraj Med J","first-page":"267","article-title":"Peak nasal inspiratory flow: reference values for thais","volume":"67","author":"Tantilipikorn \n P,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tantilipikorn \n P, \n \n \n Meekul \n N, \n \n \n Suwanwech \n T, \n \n \n Assanasen \n P, \n \n \n Bunnag \n C, \n \n \n Thinkhamrop \n B. \n \n \n Peak nasal inspiratory flow: reference values for thais. Siriraj Med J. 2015;67(6):267\u2013272."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Skeletal effects to the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"134","author":"Garrett \n BJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garrett \n BJ, \n \n \n Caruso \n JM, \n \n \n Rungcharassaeng \n K, \n \n \n Farrage \n JR, \n \n \n Kim \n JS, \n \n \n Taylor \n GD. \n \n \n Skeletal effects to the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2008;134(1):16\u201321."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b26","series-title":"Surgeon","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does rapid maxillary expansion affect nasopharyngeal airway? A prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study","volume":"16","author":"Almuzian \n M,","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almuzian \n M, \n \n \n Ju \n X, \n \n \n Almukhtar \n A, \n \n \n Ayoub \n A, \n \n \n Al-Muzian \n L, \n \n \n McDonald \n JP. \n \n \n Does rapid maxillary expansion affect nasopharyngeal airway? A prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study. Surgeon. 2018;16(1):1\u201311."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: A cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"137","author":"Christie \n KF,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christie \n KF, \n \n \n Boucher \n N, \n \n \n Chung \n CH. \n \n \n Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137:79\u201385."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b28","series-title":"Morphometric Analysis of Maxillary Skeletal Expansion Effects on the Nasal Cavity [thesis]","author":"Moschik \n CE.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moschik \n CE. \n \n \n Morphometric Analysis of Maxillary Skeletal Expansion Effects on the Nasal Cavity [thesis]. Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California, Los Angeles;2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence","volume":"85","author":"Lin \n L,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin \n L, \n \n \n Ahn \n HW, \n \n \n Kim \n SJ, \n \n \n Moon \n SC, \n \n \n Kim \n SH, \n \n \n Nelson \n G. \n \n \n Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(2):253\u2013262."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b30","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"556","article-title":"Comparison of short-term effects of mini-implant-supported maxillary expansion appliance with two conventional expansion protocols","volume":"37","author":"Yilmaz \n A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yilmaz \n A, \n \n \n Arman-\u00d6z\u00e7lrplcl \n A, \n \n \n Erken \n S, \n \n \n Polat-\u00d6zsoy \n \u00d6. \n \n \n Comparison of short-term effects of mini-implant-supported maxillary expansion appliance with two conventional expansion protocols. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37(5):556\u2013564."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b31","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway following rapid maxillary expansion A CBCT study","volume":"84","author":"Hakan \n EI,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hakan \n EI, \n \n \n Palomo \n JM. \n \n \n Three-dimensional evaluation of upper airway following rapid maxillary expansion A CBCT study. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(2):265\u2013273."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b32","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"681","article-title":"Volumetric upper airway assessment in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"43","author":"Pereira-Filho \n VA,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pereira-Filho \n VA, \n \n \n Monnazzi \n MS, \n \n \n Gabrielli \n MAC, \n \n et al. \n Volumetric upper airway assessment in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;43(5):681\u2013686."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b33","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"Transverse effects on the nasomaxillary complex one year after rapid maxillary expansion as the only intervention: A controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Baratieri \n CL,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baratieri \n CL, \n \n \n Alves \n Jr\n M, \n \n \n Mattos \n CT, \n \n \n Lau \n GWT, \n \n \n Nojima \n LI, \n \n \n Souza \n MMG. \n \n \n Transverse effects on the nasomaxillary complex one year after rapid maxillary expansion as the only intervention: A controlled study. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(5):79\u201387."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b34","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"473","article-title":"Assessment of upper airway obstruction by measuring peak oral and nasal inspiratory flow","volume":"129","author":"Bathala \n S,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bathala \n S, \n \n \n Eccles \n R. \n \n \n Assessment of upper airway obstruction by measuring peak oral and nasal inspiratory flow. J Laryngol Otol. 2015;129(5):473\u2013477."},{"issue":"9","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b35","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1120","article-title":"Orthodontic measurements and nasal respiratory function after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: An acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry study","volume":"41","author":"Zambon \n CE,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zambon \n CE, \n \n \n Ceccheti \n MM, \n \n \n Utumi \n ER, \n \n et al. \n Orthodontic measurements and nasal respiratory function after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: An acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(9):1120\u20131126."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b36","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"281","article-title":"Effects on nasal airflow and resistance using two different RME appliances: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Bazargani \n F,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bazargani \n F, \n \n \n Magnuson \n A, \n \n \n Ludwig \n B. \n \n \n Effects on nasal airflow and resistance using two different RME appliances: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2017;40(3):281\u2013284."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b37","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"354","article-title":"Can peak expiratory flow predict airflow obstruction in children with asthma?","volume":"105","author":"Eid \n N,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eid \n N, \n \n \n Yandell \n B, \n \n \n Howell \n L, \n \n \n Eddy \n M, \n \n \n Sheikh \n S. \n \n \n Can peak expiratory flow predict airflow obstruction in children with asthma?\n Pediatrics. 2000;105(2):354\u2013358."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b38","series-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"656","article-title":"Exercise capacity, respiratory mechanics and posture in mouth breathers","volume":"77","author":"Okuro \n RT,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okuro \n RT, \n \n \n Morcillo \n AM, \n \n \n Sakano \n E, \n \n \n Schivinski \n CI, \n \n \n Ribeiro \n MA, \n \n \n Ribeiro \n JD. \n \n \n Exercise capacity, respiratory mechanics and posture in mouth breathers. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;77(5):656\u2013662."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-89-5-713-b39","series-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol","first-page":"463","article-title":"Diaphragmatic amplitude and accessory inspiratory muscle activity in nasal and mouth-breathing adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Trevisan \n ME,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trevisan \n ME, \n \n \n Boufleur \n J, \n \n \n Soares \n JC, \n \n \n Haygert \n CJ, \n \n \n Ries \n LG, \n \n \n Corr\u00eaa \n EC. \n \n \n Diaphragmatic amplitude and accessory inspiratory muscle activity in nasal and mouth-breathing adults: A cross-sectional study. 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