{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:53Z","timestamp":1780067213549,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To correlate the objective cephalometric measurements with subjective facial esthetics in patients with bimaxillary protrusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n The sample consisted of 60 Asian-Chinese patients with bimaxillary protrusion who met the inclusion criteria. The facial esthetics of posttreatment profile and the change of profile on standardized lateral photographs were rated by a panel of 10 orthodontists and a panel of 10 lay persons with bimaxillary protrusion. All of the pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms were digitized and traced. Twenty-five cephalometric measurements were constructed and analyzed. Correlations between the subjective facial esthetic scores and each cephalometric measurement were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n The cephalometric measurements correlated with the facial esthetic scores of posttreatment profile given by the orthodontist and the lay persons were basically the same. For the evaluation of posttreatment profile in bimaxillary protrusion patients, the upper and lower lip to E-line, upper and lower incisor tip to AP plane, Pg-NB distance, mentolabial angle, and sulcus depth correlated significantly with the esthetic score. For the evaluation of profile change during orthodontic treatment, retraction of upper incisor relative to AP plane or the perpendicular line through sella (line Y), change of upper incisor inclination, change of mentolabial sulcus depth, and retraction of lips relative to E-line were correlated positively with the esthetic value.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Cephalometric measurements of lip position, incisor position, and chin morphology were key parameters correlated to facial esthetics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/070714-476.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T12:44:40Z","timestamp":1414413880000},"page":"690-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Correlation between objective and subjective evaluation of profile in bimaxillary protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review","volume":"80","author":"Leonardi\n B,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leonardi\n B, \n \n Annunziata\n A, \n \n Licciardello\n V, \n \n Barbato\n E. \n \n Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:211\u2013216."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"333","article-title":"Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction","volume":"75","author":"Bills\n DA,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bills\n DA, \n \n Handelman\n CS, \n \n BeGole\n EA. \n \n Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:333\u2013339."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Orthodontic Waves","first-page":"141","article-title":"Effects of retraction of anterior teeth on horizontal and vertical lip positions in Japanese adults with the bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion","volume":"65","author":"Yasutomi\n H,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yasutomi\n H, \n \n Ioi\n H, \n \n Nakata\n S, \n \n Nakasima\n A, \n \n Counts\n AL. \n \n Effects of retraction of anterior teeth on horizontal and vertical lip positions in Japanese adults with the bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Orthodontic Waves. 2006;65:141\u2013147."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Chin J Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"The study of soft tissue profile changes and the relationship with the hard tissue in the adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion treated with premolar extraction and Nance arch","volume":"18","author":"Li\n WR,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li\n WR, \n \n Zhou\n WH, \n \n Gao\n L, \n \n Fu\n Z, \n \n Luo\n Y. \n \n The study of soft tissue profile changes and the relationship with the hard tissue in the adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion treated with premolar extraction and Nance arch. Chin J Orthod. 2011;18:181\u2013186."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Psychological Aspects of Facial Form. Monograph 11, Craniofacial Growth Series","first-page":"49","article-title":"Esthetics and a quantitative analysis of facial appearance","author":"Lucker\n GW.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lucker\n GW. \n \n Esthetics and a quantitative analysis of facial appearance. In: LuckerGW, RibbeKA, McNamaraJAJr, eds. Psychological Aspects of Facial Form. Monograph 11, Craniofacial Growth Series. Ann Arbor,Mich:The Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan; 1980:49\u201379."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"188.e1","article-title":"Facial esthetics in adolescents and its relationship to \u201cideal\u201d ratios and angles","volume":"133","author":"Kiekens\n RM,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kiekens\n RM, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM, \n \n van't Hof\n MA, \n \n van't Hof\n BE, \n \n Straatman\n H, \n \n Maltha\n JC. \n \n Facial esthetics in adolescents and its relationship to \u201cideal\u201d ratios and angles. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:188.e1\u20138."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"101","article-title":"A photographic scale to measure facial aesthetics","volume":"17","author":"Peerlings\n RHJ,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Peerlings\n RHJ, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM, \n \n Hoeksma\n JB. \n \n A photographic scale to measure facial aesthetics. Eur J Orthod. 1995;17:101\u2013110."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"579","article-title":"A measuring system for facial aesthetics in Caucasian adolescents: reproducibility and validity","volume":"27","author":"Kiekens\n RM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiekens\n RM, \n \n Maltha\n JC, \n \n van't Hof\n MA, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n A measuring system for facial aesthetics in Caucasian adolescents: reproducibility and validity. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27:579\u2013584."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Planning treatment on the basis of facial pattern and estimate of its growth","volume":"27","author":"Ricketts\n RM.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM. \n \n Planning treatment on the basis of facial pattern and estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod. 1957;27:14\u201337."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis and synthesis","volume":"31","author":"Ricketts\n RM.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM. \n \n Cephalometric analysis and synthesis. Angle Orthod. 1961;31:141\u2013156."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"272","article-title":"Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation","volume":"54","author":"Ricketts\n RM.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM. \n \n Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation. 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Am J Orthod. 1983;84:1\u201328."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"804","article-title":"The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics","volume":"52","author":"Merrifield\n LL.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Merrifield\n LL. \n \n The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics. Am J Orthod. 1966;52:804\u2013822."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Braz Oral Res","first-page":"52","article-title":"Facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and planning","volume":"24","author":"Paiva\n JB,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paiva\n JB, \n \n Attizzani\n MF, \n \n Miasiro J\u00fanior\n H, \n \n Rino Neto\n J. \n \n Facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and planning. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24:52\u201357."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"674","article-title":"Soft tissue adaptability to hard tissues in facial profiles","volume":"113","author":"Kasai\n K.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kasai\n K. \n \n Soft tissue adaptability to hard tissues in facial profiles. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:674\u2013684."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"762.e1","article-title":"Correlations between cephalometric and photographic measurements of facial attractiveness in Chinese and US patients after orthodontic treatment","volume":"136","author":"Oh\n HS,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oh\n HS, \n \n Korn\n EL, \n \n Zhang\n X, \n et al. \n Correlations between cephalometric and photographic measurements of facial attractiveness in Chinese and US patients after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:762.e1\u201314."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"204","article-title":"Skeletofacial morphology of attractive and nonattractive faces","volume":"76","author":"Matoulaa\n S,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matoulaa\n S, \n \n Pancherzb\n H. \n \n Skeletofacial morphology of attractive and nonattractive faces. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:204\u2013210."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"551","article-title":"Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Kiekens\n RM,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiekens\n RM, \n \n Maltha\n JC, \n \n van't Hof\n MA, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:551\u2013556."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"464","article-title":"Significance of the soft tissue profile on facial esthetics","volume":"119","author":"Spyropoulos\n MN,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spyropoulos\n MN, \n \n Halazonetis\n DJ. \n \n Significance of the soft tissue profile on facial esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:464\u2013471."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"419","article-title":"Effects of retraction of anterior teeth and initial soft tissue variables on lip changes in Japanese adults","volume":"33","author":"Hayashida\n H,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayashida\n H, \n \n Ioi\n H, \n \n Nakata\n S, \n \n Takahashi\n I, \n \n Counts\n AL. \n \n Effects of retraction of anterior teeth and initial soft tissue variables on lip changes in Japanese adults. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:419\u2013426."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"666","article-title":"Recognition of profile change after simulated orthognathic surgery","volume":"45","author":"Burcal\n RG,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Burcal\n RG, \n \n Laskin\n DM, \n \n Sperry\n TP. \n \n Recognition of profile change after simulated orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1987;45:666\u2013670."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"112","article-title":"Surgical options in deep-bite mandibular deficiency with prominent chin - aesthetic considerations","volume":"32","author":"Mommaerts\n MY,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mommaerts\n MY, \n \n Shteif\n M, \n \n Hendrickx\n K, \n \n Laster\n Z. \n \n Surgical options in deep-bite mandibular deficiency with prominent chin - aesthetic considerations. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2004;32:112\u2013118."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"355","article-title":"Comparisons of the five analytic reference lines of the horizontal lip position: their consistency and sensitivity","volume":"104","author":"Hsu\n BS.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hsu\n BS. \n \n Comparisons of the five analytic reference lines of the horizontal lip position: their consistency and sensitivity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;104:355\u2013360."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"65","article-title":"Soft tissue profile in Anatolian Turkish adults: part II. Comparison of different soft tissue analyses in the evaluation of beauty","volume":"121","author":"Erbay\n EF,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erbay\n EF, \n \n Caniklio\u011flu\n CM. \n \n Soft tissue profile in Anatolian Turkish adults: part II. Comparison of different soft tissue analyses in the evaluation of beauty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:65\u201372."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"193","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion in the Caucasian: a cephalometric study of the morphological features","volume":"12","author":"Keating\n PJ.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Keating\n PJ. \n \n Bimaxillary protrusion in the Caucasian: a cephalometric study of the morphological features. Br J Orthod. 1985;12:193\u2013201."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi","first-page":"32","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of the patients with bimaxillary protrusion in south China [in Chinese]","volume":"19","author":"Zhang\n J,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang\n J, \n \n Qiao\n M. \n \n Cephalometric analysis of the patients with bimaxillary protrusion in south China [in Chinese]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2001;19:32\u201334."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review","volume":"80","author":"Leonardi\n B,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leonardi\n B, \n \n Annunziata\n A, \n \n Licciardello\n V, \n \n Barbato\n E. \n \n Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:211\u2013216."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"333","article-title":"Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction","volume":"75","author":"Bills\n DA,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bills\n DA, \n \n Handelman\n CS, \n \n BeGole\n EA. \n \n Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:333\u2013339."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Orthodontic Waves","first-page":"141","article-title":"Effects of retraction of anterior teeth on horizontal and vertical lip positions in Japanese adults with the bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion","volume":"65","author":"Yasutomi\n H,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yasutomi\n H, \n \n Ioi\n H, \n \n Nakata\n S, \n \n Nakasima\n A, \n \n Counts\n AL. \n \n Effects of retraction of anterior teeth on horizontal and vertical lip positions in Japanese adults with the bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Orthodontic Waves. 2006;65:141\u2013147."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Chin J Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"The study of soft tissue profile changes and the relationship with the hard tissue in the adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion treated with premolar extraction and Nance arch","volume":"18","author":"Li\n WR,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li\n WR, \n \n Zhou\n WH, \n \n Gao\n L, \n \n Fu\n Z, \n \n Luo\n Y. \n \n The study of soft tissue profile changes and the relationship with the hard tissue in the adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion treated with premolar extraction and Nance arch. Chin J Orthod. 2011;18:181\u2013186."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Psychological Aspects of Facial Form. 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Eur J Orthod. 2005;27:579\u2013584."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Planning treatment on the basis of facial pattern and estimate of its growth","volume":"27","author":"Ricketts\n RM.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM. \n \n Planning treatment on the basis of facial pattern and estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod. 1957;27:14\u201337."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis and synthesis","volume":"31","author":"Ricketts\n RM.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM. \n \n Cephalometric analysis and synthesis. Angle Orthod. 1961;31:141\u2013156."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"272","article-title":"Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation","volume":"54","author":"Ricketts\n RM.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM. \n \n Esthetics, environment, and the law of lip relation. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:762.e1\u201314."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"204","article-title":"Skeletofacial morphology of attractive and nonattractive faces","volume":"76","author":"Matoulaa\n S,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matoulaa\n S, \n \n Pancherzb\n H. \n \n Skeletofacial morphology of attractive and nonattractive faces. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:204\u2013210."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"551","article-title":"Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Kiekens\n RM,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiekens\n RM, \n \n Maltha\n JC, \n \n van't Hof\n MA, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM. \n \n Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:551\u2013556."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"464","article-title":"Significance of the soft tissue profile on facial esthetics","volume":"119","author":"Spyropoulos\n MN,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spyropoulos\n MN, \n \n Halazonetis\n DJ. \n \n Significance of the soft tissue profile on facial esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:464\u2013471."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"419","article-title":"Effects of retraction of anterior teeth and initial soft tissue variables on lip changes in Japanese adults","volume":"33","author":"Hayashida\n H,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayashida\n H, \n \n Ioi\n H, \n \n Nakata\n S, \n \n Takahashi\n I, \n \n Counts\n AL. \n \n Effects of retraction of anterior teeth and initial soft tissue variables on lip changes in Japanese adults. 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J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2004;32:112\u2013118."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"355","article-title":"Comparisons of the five analytic reference lines of the horizontal lip position: their consistency and sensitivity","volume":"104","author":"Hsu\n BS.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hsu\n BS. \n \n Comparisons of the five analytic reference lines of the horizontal lip position: their consistency and sensitivity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;104:355\u2013360."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"65","article-title":"Soft tissue profile in Anatolian Turkish adults: part II. Comparison of different soft tissue analyses in the evaluation of beauty","volume":"121","author":"Erbay\n EF,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erbay\n EF, \n \n Caniklio\u011flu\n CM. \n \n Soft tissue profile in Anatolian Turkish adults: part II. Comparison of different soft tissue analyses in the evaluation of beauty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:65\u201372."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"193","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion in the Caucasian: a cephalometric study of the morphological features","volume":"12","author":"Keating\n PJ.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Keating\n PJ. \n \n Bimaxillary protrusion in the Caucasian: a cephalometric study of the morphological features. Br J Orthod. 1985;12:193\u2013201."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi","first-page":"32","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of the patients with bimaxillary protrusion in south China [in Chinese]","volume":"19","author":"Zhang\n J,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang\n J, \n \n Qiao\n M. \n \n Cephalometric analysis of the patients with bimaxillary protrusion in south China [in Chinese]. 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