{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:34:19Z","timestamp":1790861659570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the available literature concerning the reliability of three-dimensional superimposition methods when assessing changes in craniofacial hard tissues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Four electronic databases were searched. Two authors independently reviewed potentially relevant articles for eligibility. Clinical trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that evaluated the reliability of three-dimensional superimposition methods on the anterior cranial base were included.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four studies used the voxel-based registration method, one used the landmark-based method and one used the surface-based method. Regarding reliability, the voxel-based studies showed on average a difference of 0.5 mm or less between images. The optimized analysis using a six-point correction algorithm in the landmark-based method showed 1.24 mm magnitude of error between images.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Although reliability appears to be adequate, the small sample size and high risk of bias among studies make available evidence still insufficient to draw strong conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/071217-468.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T10:30:42Z","timestamp":1512037842000},"page":"233-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Reliability of three-dimensional anterior cranial base superimposition methods for assessment of overall hard tissue changes: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Ponce-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Lagravere-Vich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia Helena Soares","family":"Cevidanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Carlos","family":"de Olivera Ruellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Associate Dean, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Head, Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b01","series-title":"Radiographic Cephalometry","first-page":"145","article-title":"Superimposition of Cephalometric Radiographs","author":"Jacobson \n A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson \n A.\n \n \n Sadowsky \n L.\n \n \n Superimposition of Cephalometric Radiographs. In: Jacobson A.Jacobson R.Radiographic Cephalometry. Chicago, IL: Quintessence;2006:145\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"611","article-title":"Image analysis and superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models","volume":"129","author":"Cevidanes \n LH.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cevidanes \n LH.\n \n \n Styner \n MA.\n \n \n Proffit \n WR.\n \n \n Image analysis and superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:611\u2013618."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b03","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Fast three-dimensional superimposition of cone beam computed tomography for orthopaedics and orthognathic surgery evaluation","volume":"44","author":"Weissheimer \n A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weissheimer \n A.\n \n \n Menezes \n LM.\n \n \n Koerich \n L.\n \n \n Pham \n J.\n \n \n Cevidanes \n LH.\n \n \n Fast three-dimensional superimposition of cone beam computed tomography for orthopaedics and orthognathic surgery evaluation. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:598\u2013604."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b34","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"657","article-title":"Proposed reference point for 3-dimensionalcephalometric analysis with cone-beam computerized tomography","volume":"128","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re \n MO.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re \n MO.\n \n \n Major \n PW.\n \n \n Proposed reference point for 3-dimensionalcephalometric analysis with cone-beam computerized tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:657\u2013660."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b35","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"601","article-title":"Plane orientation for standardization in 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis with computerized tomography imaging","volume":"129","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re \n MO.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re \n MO.\n \n \n Hansen \n L.\n \n \n Harzer \n W.\n \n \n Major \n PW.\n \n \n Plane orientation for standardization in 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis with computerized tomography imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:601\u2013604."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b36","series-title":"Eur J Radiol","first-page":"270","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multi-slice CT (MSCT). Part II: on 3D model accuracy","volume":"75","author":"Denis \n K.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Denis \n K.\n \n \n Hassam \n B.\n \n \n Li \n L.\n \n et al. \n A comparative evaluation of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multi-slice CT (MSCT). Part II: on 3D model accuracy. Eur J Radiol. 2010;75:270\u2013274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b01","series-title":"Radiographic Cephalometry","first-page":"145","article-title":"Superimposition of Cephalometric Radiographs","author":"Jacobson \n A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson \n A.\n \n \n Sadowsky \n L.\n \n \n Superimposition of Cephalometric Radiographs. In: Jacobson A.Jacobson R.Radiographic Cephalometry. Chicago, IL: Quintessence;2006:145\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"611","article-title":"Image analysis and superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models","volume":"129","author":"Cevidanes \n LH.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cevidanes \n LH.\n \n \n Styner \n MA.\n \n \n Proffit \n WR.\n \n \n Image analysis and superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:611\u2013618."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b03","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Fast three-dimensional superimposition of cone beam computed tomography for orthopaedics and orthognathic surgery evaluation","volume":"44","author":"Weissheimer \n A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weissheimer \n A.\n \n \n Menezes \n LM.\n \n \n Koerich \n L.\n \n \n Pham \n J.\n \n \n Cevidanes \n LH.\n \n \n Fast three-dimensional superimposition of cone beam computed tomography for orthopaedics and orthognathic surgery evaluation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:1188\u20131196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"263","article-title":"3-Dimensional cone-beam computed tomography superimposition: a review","volume":"21","author":"Park \n JH.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park \n JH.\n \n \n Tai \n K.\n \n \n Owtad \n P.\n \n \n 3-Dimensional cone-beam computed tomography superimposition: a review. Semin Orthod. 2015;21:263\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b05","series-title":"Science and Practice of Occlusion","first-page":"349","article-title":"Maxillofacial imaging","author":"Hatcher \n D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hatcher \n D.\n \n \n Maxillofacial imaging. In: McNeill C.ed. Science and Practice of Occlusion. Chicago, IL: Quintessence;1997:349\u2013364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b06","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"400","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis for plane orientation in three-dimensional cephalometric analysis based on superimposition of serial cone beam computed tomography images","volume":"39","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re \n MO.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re \n MO.\n \n \n Major \n PW.\n \n \n Carey \n J.\n \n \n Sensitivity analysis for plane orientation in three-dimensional cephalometric analysis based on superimposition of serial cone beam computed tomography images. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010;39:400\u2013408."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b07","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multiobjective optimization framework for landmark measurement error correction in three-dimensional cephalometric tomography","volume":"42","author":"DeCesare \n A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeCesare \n A.\n \n \n Secanell \n M.\n \n \n Lagrav\u00e8re \n MO.\n \n \n Carey \n J.\n \n \n Multiobjective optimization framework for landmark measurement error correction in three-dimensional cephalometric tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42:1\u201310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"397","article-title":"Comparison between traditional 2-dimensional cephalometry and a 3-dimensional approach on human dry skulls","volume":"126","author":"Adams \n GL.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Adams \n GL.\n \n \n Gansky \n SA.\n \n \n Miller \n AJ.\n \n et al. \n Comparison between traditional 2-dimensional cephalometry and a 3-dimensional approach on human dry skulls. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:397\u2013409."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-2-233-b09","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"24","article-title":"The current status of cone beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics","volume":"40","author":"Kapila \n S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kapila \n S.\n \n \n Conley \n RS.\n \n \n Harrell \n WE\n Jr. \n \n \n The current status of cone beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics. 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