{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:51:22Z","timestamp":1787025082398,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) accuracy and reliability of nonradiographic dentofacial images integrated with a two-step method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3D facial images, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and digital maxillary dental casts were obtained from 20 pre-orthodontic subjects. Digital dental casts were integrated into 3D facial images using a two-step method based on the anterior tooth area. 3D coordinate values of five dental landmarks were identified in both dentofacial images and CBCT images. The accuracy of the integration method was assessed with paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests between dentofacial images and CBCT-based reference standards. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were assessed for the reliability of dentofacial images and CBCT-based images. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests evaluated the accuracy of the method in different dimensions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no statistical difference between dentofacial images and CBCT reference standards in both translational and rotational dimensions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05). Translational mean absolute errors for full dentitions were within 0.42 mm and ICCs were over 0.998 in\n                      <jats:italic>x, y,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      directions. Rotational mean absolute errors for full dentitions were within 0.92\u00b0 and ICCs over 0.734 in pitch, yaw, and roll orientations. Integration errors were significantly greater in the first molar,\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -translation, and pitch rotation (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Integrating 3D dentofacial images with the two-step method is precise and acceptable for clinical diagnostics and scientific purposes. Errors were greater in the molar region,\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -translation, and pitch rotation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/071619-473.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T17:32:02Z","timestamp":1579541522000},"page":"397-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Integration of digital maxillary dental casts with 3D facial images in orthodontic patients:"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Zhuoxing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b01","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed","first-page":"169","author":"Proffit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Proffit\n              WR,\n            \n            \n              Fields\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Sarver\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt. Louis, MO:\n\t\t\t\t\tMosby;2012:\n\t\t\t\t\t169\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t211."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"206","article-title":"Influence of lateral cephalometric radiography in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning","volume":"85","author":"Durao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Durao\n              AR,\n            \n            \n              Alqerban\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ferreira\n              AP,\n            \n            \n              Jacobs\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Influence of lateral cephalometric radiography in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t206\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t210."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b03","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"1807","article-title":"Three-dimensional facial anatomy evaluation: reliability of laser scanner consecutive scans procedure in comparison with stereophotogrammetry","volume":"46","author":"Gibelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gibelli\n           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Castillo J, et al. 3D dentofacial photogrammetry reference values: a novel approach to orthodontic diagnosis","volume":"39","author":"Masoud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masoud\n              MI,\n            \n            \n              Bansal\n              N,\n            \n          \n          C. 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Orthop","first-page":"597","article-title":"British Orthodontic Society revises guidelines for clinical radiography","volume":"134","author":"Turpin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turpin\n              DL.\n            \n          \n          British Orthodontic Society revises guidelines for clinical radiography.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t597\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t598."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b13","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"267","article-title":"Association of anterior and posterior occlusal planes with different Angle and skeletal classes in permanent dentitions","volume":"79","author":"Celar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Celar\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Tafaj\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Graf\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Lettner\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Association of 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Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t89:\n\t\t\t\t\t751\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t757."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b01","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed","first-page":"169","author":"Proffit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Proffit\n              WR,\n            \n            \n              Fields\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Sarver\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt. Louis, MO:\n\t\t\t\t\tMosby;2012:\n\t\t\t\t\t169\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t211."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"206","article-title":"Influence of lateral cephalometric radiography in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning","volume":"85","author":"Durao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Durao\n              AR,\n            \n            \n              Alqerban\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ferreira\n              AP,\n            \n            \n              Jacobs\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Influence of lateral cephalometric radiography in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t206\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t210."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b03","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"1807","article-title":"Three-dimensional facial anatomy evaluation: reliability of laser scanner consecutive scans procedure in comparison with stereophotogrammetry","volume":"46","author":"Gibelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gibelli\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Pucciarelli\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Poppa\n              P,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Three-dimensional facial anatomy evaluation: reliability of laser scanner consecutive scans procedure in comparison with stereophotogrammetry.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Craniomaxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t46:\n\t\t\t\t\t1807\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1813."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"693","article-title":"3D stereophotogrammetry versus traditional craniofacial anthropometry: comparing measurements from the 3D facial norms database to Farkas's North American norms","volume":"155","author":"Weinberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weinberg\n              SM.\n            \n          \n          3D stereophotogrammetry versus traditional craniofacial anthropometry: comparing measurements from the 3D facial norms database to Farkas's North American norms.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t155:\n\t\t\t\t\t693\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t701."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b05","series-title":"J CranioMaxillofac Surg","first-page":"1719","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of a mobile and a stationary system for three-dimensional facial scanning","volume":"44","author":"Modabber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Modabber\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Peters\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Kniha\n              K,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Evaluation of the accuracy of a mobile and a stationary system for three-dimensional facial scanning.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ CranioMaxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t44:\n\t\t\t\t\t1719\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1724."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"820","article-title":"Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs","volume":"134","author":"Rangel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rangel\n              FA,\n            \n            \n              Maal\n              TJJ,\n            \n            \n              Berg\u00e9\n              SJ,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Integration of 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Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t138:\n\t\t\t\t\t84\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t88."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-3-397-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"440","article-title":"Does powdering of the dentition increase the accuracy of fusing 3D stereophotographs and digital dental casts?","volume":"38","author":"Rangel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rangel\n              FA,\n            \n            \n              Chiu\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Maal\n              TJJ,\n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst\n              EM,\n            \n            \n              Berg\u00e9\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM.\n            \n          \n          Does powdering of the dentition increase the accuracy of fusing 3D stereophotographs and digital dental casts?\n          Eur J 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three-dimensional validation study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/071619-473.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}