{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:21:01Z","timestamp":1780482061112,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To analyze variations in palatal morphology in subjects presenting unilaterally impacted maxillary permanent central incisors compared with a control group of subjects without eruption anomalies using a three-dimensional (3D) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-six white subjects (10 girls and 16 boys; mean age 9.5 \u00b1 1.5 years) with unilaterally impacted maxillary permanent central incisors (impacted incisor group [IIG]) were compared with a control group (CG) of 26 subjects (14 girls and 12 boys, mean age 8.7 \u00b1 1.6 years) presenting no eruption disorders. For each subject, dental casts were taken and the upper arch was scanned using a 3D laser scanner. To study the entirety of the shape of the palate in any point of the surface, 3D geometric morphometrics was applied.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Subjects with impacted maxillary incisors showed skeletal adaptations of the maxilla. In the IIG, both the superior palatal region and lateral palatal surface showed significantly different morphology when compared with CG, with a narrower and higher palatal vault.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The absence of maxillary central incisors over the physiological age of eruption influenced the development of the palatal morphology compared with subjects without eruption anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/071716-557.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T10:21:59Z","timestamp":1476958919000},"page":"404-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Geometric morphometric analysis of the palatal morphology in children with impacted incisors: A three-dimensional evaluation"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Paoloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Fellow, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Tomas Huanca","family":"Ghislanzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, University of Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Fellow, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy, and Department of Orthodontics, University Zoja e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Mir\u00eb, Tirane, Albania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"588","article-title":"Early treatment of tooth eruption disturbances","volume":"121","author":"Kurol \n J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kurol \n J. \n \n \n Early treatment of tooth eruption disturbances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:588\u2013591."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"153","article-title":"Impaction and apical root angulation of the maxillary central incisors due to supernumerary teeth: combined surgical and orthodontic treatment case report","volume":"134","author":"Kolokitha \n OE,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kolokitha \n OE, \n \n \n Papadopoulou \n AK. \n \n \n Impaction and apical root angulation of the maxillary central incisors due to supernumerary teeth: combined surgical and orthodontic treatment case report. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:153\u2013160."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b03","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"285","article-title":"A review of 47 cases of unerupted maxillary incisors","volume":"9","author":"Betts \n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Betts \n A, \n \n \n Camilleri \n GE. \n \n \n A review of 47 cases of unerupted maxillary incisors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1999;9:285\u2013292."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b04","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"152","article-title":"Strategies for treating an impacted maxillary central incisor","volume":"8","author":"Chokron \n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chokron \n A, \n \n \n Reveret \n S, \n \n \n Salmon \n B, \n \n et al. \n Strategies for treating an impacted maxillary central incisor. Int Orthod. 2010;8:152\u2013176."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b05","series-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interceptive management of eruption disturbances: case report","volume":"29","author":"Cozza \n P,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Marino \n A, \n \n \n Lagan\u00e0 \n G. \n \n \n Interceptive management of eruption disturbances: case report. 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Nat Rev Genet. 2010;11:623\u2013635."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b08","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CMV) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n The cervical vertebral maturation (CMV) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:119\u2013129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b09","series-title":"Evol Biol","first-page":"235","article-title":"Advances in geometric morphometrics","volume":"36","author":"Mitteroecker \n P,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mitteroecker \n P, \n \n \n Gunz \n P. \n \n \n Advances in geometric morphometrics. 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J World Fed Orthod. 2014;3:2\u20136."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b16","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Evaluation of maxillary arch morphology in children with unilaterally impacted incisors via three-dimensional analysis of digital dental casts: a controlled study","volume":"77","author":"Pavoni \n C,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pavoni \n C, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n Buongiorno \n M, \n \n \n Cozza \n P. \n \n \n Evaluation of maxillary arch morphology in children with unilaterally impacted incisors via three-dimensional analysis of digital dental casts: a controlled study. 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Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:215\u2013218."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"657","article-title":"Interceptive treatment of palatal impaction of maxillary canines with rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"136","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Mucedero \n M, \n \n \n Leonardi \n M, \n \n \n Cozza \n P. \n \n \n Interceptive treatment of palatal impaction of maxillary canines with rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:657\u2013661."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"370","article-title":"Effect of RME and headgear treatment on the eruption of palatally displaced canines: a randomized clinical study","volume":"81","author":"Armi \n P,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Armi \n P, \n \n \n Cozza \n P, \n \n \n Baccetti \n T. \n \n \n Effect of RME and headgear treatment on the eruption of palatally displaced canines: a randomized clinical study. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:370\u2013374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"588","article-title":"Early treatment of tooth eruption disturbances","volume":"121","author":"Kurol \n J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kurol \n J. \n \n \n Early treatment of tooth eruption disturbances. 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J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004;29:1\u20134."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shape variation and covariation of upper and lower dental arches of an orthodontic population","author":"Papagiannis \n A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papagiannis \n A, \n \n \n Halazonetis \n DJ. \n \n \n Shape variation and covariation of upper and lower dental arches of an orthodontic population. Eur J Orthod. 2015:1\u201310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b07","series-title":"Nat Rev Genet","first-page":"623","article-title":"Evolution and development of shape: integrating quantitative approaches","volume":"11","author":"Klingenberg \n CP.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klingenberg \n CP. \n \n \n Evolution and development of shape: integrating quantitative approaches. 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J Anat. 2014;225:220\u2013231."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b12","series-title":"Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects","first-page":"73","article-title":"Semilandmarks in 3D","author":"Gunz \n P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gunz \n P, \n \n \n Mitteroecker \n P, \n \n \n Bookstein \n FL. \n \n \n Semilandmarks in 3D. In: Slice DE, ed. Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers;2005:73\u201398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b13","series-title":"It J Mamm","first-page":"1","article-title":"A field comes of age: geometric morphometrics in the 21st century","author":"Adams \n DC,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adams \n DC, \n \n \n Rohlf \n FJ, \n \n \n Slice \n DE. \n \n \n A field comes of age: geometric morphometrics in the 21st century. 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Pediatr Dent. 2013;35:364\u2013368."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b22","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"468","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of maxillary incisor position after rapid maxillary expansion in children with clinical signs of eruption disorder","volume":"74","author":"Pavoni \n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pavoni \n C, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n Lagan\u00e0 \n G, \n \n \n Cozza \n P. \n \n \n Radiographic assessment of maxillary incisor position after rapid maxillary expansion in children with clinical signs of eruption disorder. J Orofac Orthop. 2013;74:468\u2013479."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b23","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"215","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion: effects on palatal area investigated by computed tomography in growing subjects","volume":"13","author":"Lione \n R,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lione \n R, \n \n \n Pavoni \n C, \n \n \n Lagan\u00e0 \n G, \n \n et al. \n Rapid maxillary expansion: effects on palatal area investigated by computed tomography in growing subjects. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:215\u2013218."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-3-404-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"657","article-title":"Interceptive treatment of palatal impaction of maxillary canines with rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"136","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Mucedero \n M, \n \n \n Leonardi \n M, \n \n \n Cozza \n P. \n \n \n Interceptive treatment of palatal impaction of maxillary canines with rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial. 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