{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:53:49Z","timestamp":1768560829914,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To investigate the effects of force magnitude on three-dimensional alveolar trabecular bone structure and root resorption.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Twenty-two 11-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups that received a mesially directed orthodontic force to the upper right first molars at different magnitudes of force, 30\u00a0g or 100\u00a0g, for 2\u00a0weeks. The contralateral molars served as controls. The teeth and alveolar bone around the teeth were dissected from the sacrificed animals and were scanned with micro-computed tomography (CT). Structural properties of the trabecular bone and resorption crater volume on the mesial roots of the maxillary first molars were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The bone volume fraction of the 30\u00a0g group and the 100\u00a0g group increased significantly in both groups, and trabecular separation of the 100\u00a0g group decreased significantly compared with controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). The total root resorption volume in all experimental groups and the resorption volume of the lower distal surface in the 100\u00a0g group increased significantly compared with controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). The volume of the upper mesial root surface in the 30\u00a0g group increased significantly compared with the 100\u00a0g group and controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The alveolar trabecular bone was denser after orthodontic force was applied for 14\u00a0days. The effects of 30\u00a0g and 100\u00a0g orthodontic forces on root resorption were different at the upper mesial and lower distal surfaces of the mesial roots of maxillary first molars.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/071910-418.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,7]],"date-time":"2011-02-07T15:46:16Z","timestamp":1297093576000},"page":"420-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Three-dimensional morphology of root and alveolar trabecular bone during tooth movement using micro-computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate PhD student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianying","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate MS student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b01","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"404","article-title":"Mechanical consequence of trabecular bone loss and its treatment: a three-dimensional model simulation.","volume":"30","author":"Guo, X. E.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guo, X. E. and C. H.Kim. Mechanical consequence of trabecular bone loss and its treatment: a three-dimensional model simulation.Bone2002. 30:404\u2013411."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b02","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"55","article-title":"The ability of three-dimensional structural indices to reflect mechanical aspects of trabecular bone.","volume":"25","author":"Ulrich, D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ulrich, D., B.van Rietbergen, A.Laib, and P.Ruegsegger. The ability of three-dimensional structural indices to reflect mechanical aspects of trabecular bone.Bone1999. 25:55\u201360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b03","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"371","article-title":"Histomorphometric study of bone reactions during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.","volume":"24","author":"Verna, C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Verna, C., D.Zaffe, and G.Siciliani. Histomorphometric study of bone reactions during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.Bone1999. 24:371\u2013379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b04","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","article-title":"Bone density changes around teeth during orthodontic treatment.","author":"Hsu, J. T.","year":"2010 Apr 15","unstructured":"Hsu, J. T., H. W.Chang, H. L.Huang, J. H.Yu, Y. F.Li, and M. G.Tu. Bone density changes around teeth during orthodontic treatment.Clin Oral Investig2010 Apr 15. [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"Induction of osteopenia during experimental tooth movement in the rat: alveolar bone remodeling and the mechanostat theory.","volume":"31","author":"Milne, T. J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milne, T. J., I.Ichim, B.Patel, A.McNaughton, and M. C.Meikle. Induction of osteopenia during experimental tooth movement in the rat: alveolar bone remodeling and the mechanostat theory.Eur J Orthod2009. 31:221\u2013231."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"245","article-title":"The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat.","volume":"93","author":"Bridges, T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bridges, T., G.King, and A.Mohammed. The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1988. 93:245\u2013250."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"93","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients.","volume":"17","author":"Mirabella, A. D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mirabella, A. D. and J.Artun. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients.Eur J Orthod1995. 17:93\u201399."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b08","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"177","article-title":"Perceived long-term prognosis of teeth with orthodontically resorbed roots.","volume":"6","author":"Lee, K. S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee, K. S., S. R.Straja, and O. C.Tuncay. Perceived long-term prognosis of teeth with orthodontically resorbed roots.Orthod Craniofac Res2003. 6:177\u2013191."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"639","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 8. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of controlled intrusive light and heavy orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography scan study.","volume":"130","author":"Harris, D. A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harris, D. A., A. S.Jones, and M. A.Darendeliler. Physical properties of root cementum: part 8. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of controlled intrusive light and heavy orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography scan study.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 130:639\u2013647."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"35","article-title":"Ultrastructure of cementum and periodontal ligament after continuous intrusion in humans: a transmission electron microscopy study.","volume":"23","author":"Faltin, R. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faltin, R. M., K.Faltin, F. G.Sander, and V. E.Arana-Chavez. Ultrastructure of cementum and periodontal ligament after continuous intrusion in humans: a transmission electron microscopy study.Eur J Orthod2001. 23:35\u201349."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b11","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"285","article-title":"Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment: intra-individual study.","volume":"62","author":"Casa, M. A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Casa, M. A., R. M.Faltin, K.Faltin, F. G.Sander, and V. E.Arana-Chavez. Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment: intra-individual study.J Orofac Orthop2001. 62:285\u2013295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b12","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"134","article-title":"A new method for volumetric measurement of orthodontically induced root resorption craters.","volume":"112","author":"Chan, E. K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan, E. K., M. A.Darendeliler, P.Petocz, and A. S.Jones. A new method for volumetric measurement of orthodontically induced root resorption craters.Eur J Oral Sci2004. 112:134\u2013139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"287","article-title":"The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions: an intra-individual study in adolescents.","volume":"18","author":"Owman-Moll, P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owman-Moll, P., J.Kurol, and D.Lundgren. The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions: an intra-individual study in adolescents.Eur J Orthod1996. 18:287\u2013294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions: an inter-individual study in adolescents.","volume":"18","author":"Owman-Moll, P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Owman-Moll, P., J.Kurol, and D.Lundgren. Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions: an inter-individual study in adolescents.Eur J Orthod1996. 18:141\u2013150."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"502","article-title":"Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar.","volume":"78","author":"Gonzales, C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzales, C., H.Hotokezaka, M.Yoshimatsu, J. H.Yozgatian, M. A.Darendeliler, and N.Yoshida. Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar.Angle Orthod2008. 78:502\u2013509."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b16","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"595","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee.","volume":"2","author":"Parfitt, A. M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Parfitt, A. M., M. K.Drezner, F. H.Glorieux, J. A.Kanis, H.Malluche, P. J.Meunier, S. M.Ott, and R. R.Recker. Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee.J Bone Miner Res1987. 2:595\u2013610."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"298","article-title":"Muscle function as a determinant of mandibular growth in normal and hypocalcaemic rat.","volume":"11","author":"Kiliaridis, S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kiliaridis, S.\n          . Muscle function as a determinant of mandibular growth in normal and hypocalcaemic rat.Eur J Orthod1989. 11:298\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b18","series-title":"Kaibogaku Zasshi","first-page":"357","article-title":"Morphological changes of the mandibula with loss of the teeth\u2014observation of the trabecular bone using micro-CT.","volume":"75","author":"Ide, Y.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ide, Y.\n          . Morphological changes of the mandibula with loss of the teeth\u2014observation of the trabecular bone using micro-CT.Kaibogaku Zasshi2000. 75:357\u2013364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100\u00a0years after Carl Sandstedt.","volume":"28","author":"Meikle, M. C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meikle, M. C.\n          . The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100\u00a0years after Carl Sandstedt.Eur J Orthod2006. 28:221\u2013240."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b20","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Relative contributions of aging and estrogen deficiency to postmenopausal bone loss.","volume":"311","author":"Richelson, L. S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Richelson, L. S., H. W.Wahner, L. J.MeltonIII, and B. L.Riggs. Relative contributions of aging and estrogen deficiency to postmenopausal bone loss.N Engl J Med1984. 311:1273\u20131275."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"159","article-title":"Continuous vs discontinuous force application and root resorption.","volume":"69","author":"Acar, A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Acar, A., U.Cany\u00fcrek, M.Kocaaga, and N.Erverdi. Continuous vs discontinuous force application and root resorption.Angle Orthod1999. 69:159\u2013163."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b22","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"369","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of apical root resorption by means of digital subtraction radiography.","volume":"91","author":"Heo, M. S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heo, M. S., S. S.Lee, K. H.Lee, H. M.Choi, S. C.Choi, and T. W.Park. Quantitative analysis of apical root resorption by means of digital subtraction radiography.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2001. 91:369\u2013373."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"843","article-title":"Effect of alendronate on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.","volume":"136","author":"Karras, J. C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karras, J. C., J. R.Miller, J. S.Hodges, J. P.Beyer, and B. E.Larson. Effect of alendronate on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 136:843\u2013847."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"715","article-title":"Effects of steroidal and nonsteroidal drugs on tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar.","volume":"79","author":"Gonzales, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzales, C., H.Hotokezaka, K.Matsuo, T.Shibazaki, J. H.Yozgatian, M. A.Darendeliler, and N.Yoshida. Effects of steroidal and nonsteroidal drugs on tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar.Angle Orthod2009. 79:715\u2013726."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b25","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement in cholestatic and cirrhotic rats.","volume":"35","author":"Shirazi, M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shirazi, M., A.Ameri, H.Shafaroodi, P.Motahhary, T.Saleh, M.Ghasemi, and A. R.Dehpour. Orthodontic tooth movement in cholestatic and cirrhotic rats.J Orthod2008. 35:119\u2013125. discussion 110\u2013111."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"492","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 14. The amount of root resorption after force application for 12\u00a0weeks on maxillary and mandibular premolars: a microcomputed-tomography study.","volume":"136","author":"Paetyangkul, A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paetyangkul, A., T.T\u00fcrk, S.Elekda\u011f-T\u00fcrk, A. S.Jones, P.Petocz, and M. A.Darendeliler. Physical properties of root cementum: part 14. The amount of root resorption after force application for 12\u00a0weeks on maxillary and mandibular premolars: a microcomputed-tomography study.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 136:492\u2013493."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-3-420-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"320.e1","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: Part 13: repair of root resorption 4 and 8\u00a0weeks after the application of continuous light and heavy forces for 4\u00a0weeks: a microcomputed-tomography study.","volume":"136","author":"Cheng, L. L.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng, L. L., T.T\u00fcrk, S.Elekda\u011f-T\u00fcrk, A. S.Jones, P.Petocz, and M. A.Darendeliler. Physical properties of root cementum: Part 13: repair of root resorption 4 and 8\u00a0weeks after the application of continuous light and heavy forces for 4\u00a0weeks: a microcomputed-tomography study.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 136:320.e1\u201310."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/3\/article-p420.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/3\/article-p420.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/3\/article-p420.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:52:56Z","timestamp":1747356776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/3\/article-p420.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/071910-418.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}