{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:02:59Z","timestamp":1791266579203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n (1) To determine the effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway, hyoid bone, and craniocervical posture in Class III bimaxillary surgery patients. (2) To evaluate short-term and long-term results. (3) To compare short- and long-term values.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-six Class III adult patients treated with bimaxillary surgery were included in the study. Cephalometric records were taken before treatment (T1), before surgery (T2), and 5\u00a0months (T3), 1.4\u00a0years (T4), 3\u00a0years (T5), and 5\u00a0years (T6) postsurgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n No significant differences were identified in craniocervical angulation between time intervals. There was a significant superior movement of hyoid bone at postsurgery (T3;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05); however, adaptation occurred to the normal position in the long term. A nonsignificant decrease occurred at the oropharyngeal middle pharyngeal distance parameter; however, this was compensated with a significant increase between T5 and T6 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). A significant decrease was observed in the hypopharyngeal Go-P parameter between T3 and T1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01), but it recovered with a nonsignificant increase in the long term. A significant increase in nasopharyngeal area was observed between T3 and T1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). The hypopharyngeal area significantly increased between T5 and T6, and PNS-R significantly increased between T3 and T1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The pharyngeal areas adversely affected after surgery recover at long-term follow-up; thus, adaptation occurs after bimaxillary surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/072213-534.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]],"date-time":"2014-03-07T08:19:05Z","timestamp":1394180345000},"page":"773-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pharyngeal airway space, hyoid bone position, and head posture after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in Class III patients: Long-term evaluation"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Ruchengiz","family":"Efendiyeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, University of Ankara, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halise","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Orthodontist, Turgut \u00d6zal University Oral and Dental Health Care Center, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Karasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ankara, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ufuk","family":"Toygar-Memiko\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Ankara, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b01","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"333","article-title":"Mandibular setback for the surgical correction of mandibular hyperplasia\u2014does it provoke sleep-related breathing disorders","volume":"25","author":"Hochban\n W,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hochban\n W, \n \n Schurmann\n R, \n \n Bradenburg\n U, \n \n Conradt\n R. \n \n Mandibular setback for the surgical correction of mandibular hyperplasia\u2014does it provoke sleep-related breathing disorders? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;25:333\u2013338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b02","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"23","article-title":"Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone positions after body ostectomies and sagittal split ramus osteotomies","volume":"16","author":"G\u00fcven\n O,","year":"2005","unstructured":"G\u00fcven\n O, \n \n Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\n U. \n \n Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone positions after body ostectomies and sagittal split ramus osteotomies. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16:23\u201330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"302","article-title":"Changes of hyoid, tongue and pharyngeal airway after mandibular set back surgery by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy","volume":"80","author":"Hwang\n S,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hwang\n S, \n \n Chung\n CJ, \n \n Choi\n YJ, \n \n Huh\n JK, \n \n Kim\n KH. \n \n Changes of hyoid, tongue and pharyngeal airway after mandibular set back surgery by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:302\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b04","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"285","article-title":"Changes in hypopharyngeal airway space and in tongue and hyoid bone positions following the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"9","author":"Enacar\n A,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Enacar\n A, \n \n Aksoy\n AU, \n \n Sen\u00e7ift\n Y, \n \n Haydar\n B, \n \n Aras\n K. \n \n Changes in hypopharyngeal airway space and in tongue and hyoid bone positions following the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1994;9:285\u2013290."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"383","article-title":"Surgical mandible setback and changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology and head posture: a short- and long-term cephalometric study in males","volume":"22","author":"Achilleos\n S,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Achilleos\n S, \n \n Krogstad\n O, \n \n Lyberg\n T. \n \n Surgical mandible setback and changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology and head posture: a short- and long-term cephalometric study in males. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:383\u2013394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b06","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"278","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular set back osteotomy for prognathism","volume":"89","author":"Kawamata\n A,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kawamata\n A, \n \n Fujishita\n M. \n \n Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular set back osteotomy for prognathism. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:278\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"372","article-title":"Effects of bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery on pharyngeal airway measurements in patients with Class III skeletal deformities","volume":"131","author":"Chen\n F,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen\n F, \n \n Terada\n K, \n \n Hua\n Y, \n \n Saito\n I. \n \n Effects of bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery on pharyngeal airway measurements in patients with Class III skeletal deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:372\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b08","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"495","article-title":"A comparative CT evaluation of pharyngeal airway changes in class III patients receiving bimaxillary surgery or mandibular set back surgery","volume":"105","author":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K,","year":"2008","unstructured":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K, \n \n Koichiro\n U, \n \n Hashiba\n Y, \n \n Marukawa\n K, \n \n Nakagawa\n K, \n \n Yamamato\n E. \n \n A comparative CT evaluation of pharyngeal airway changes in class III patients receiving bimaxillary surgery or mandibular set back surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105:495\u2013502."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"993","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway space, hyoid bone position and head posture after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients","volume":"82","author":"Aydemir\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aydemir\n H, \n \n Memiko\u011flu\n U, \n \n Karasu\n H. \n \n Pharyngeal airway space, hyoid bone position and head posture after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:993\u20131000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b10","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"184","article-title":"The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position","volume":"30","author":"Wickwire\n NA,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wickwire\n NA, \n \n White\n RP\n Jr, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position. J Oral Surg. 1972;30:184\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"259","article-title":"Alterations of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth and their relationship after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"100","author":"Athanasiou\n AE,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Athanasiou\n AE, \n \n Toutoutzakis\n N, \n \n Mavreas\n D, \n \n Ritzaus\n M, \n \n Wenzel\n A. \n \n Alterations of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth and their relationship after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1991;100:259\u2013265."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b12","series-title":"Sven Tandlak Tidskr","first-page":"425","article-title":"Postural behaviour of the hyoid bone in normal occlusion and before and after surgical correction of mandibular protrusion","volume":"63","author":"Fromm\n B,","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fromm\n B, \n \n Lundberg\n M. \n \n Postural behaviour of the hyoid bone in normal occlusion and before and after surgical correction of mandibular protrusion. Sven Tandlak Tidskr. 1970;63:425\u2013433."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"37","article-title":"Changes in head posture and nasopharyngeal airway following surgical correction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"11","author":"Wenzel\n A,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wenzel\n A, \n \n Williams\n S, \n \n Ritzau\n M. \n \n Changes in head posture and nasopharyngeal airway following surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11:37\u201342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b14","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"132","article-title":"Relationship between the pharyngeal airway space and craniofacial morphology, taking into account head posture","volume":"36","author":"Muto\n T,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Muto\n T, \n \n Yamazaki\n A, \n \n Takeda\n S. \n \n Relationship between the pharyngeal airway space and craniofacial morphology, taking into account head posture. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;36:132\u2013136."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b15","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"111","article-title":"Long-term changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal airway size following mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy","volume":"33","author":"Eggensperger\n N,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eggensperger\n N, \n \n Smolka\n W, \n \n Ilzuka\n T. \n \n Long-term changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal airway size following mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2005;33:111\u2013117."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b16","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"184","article-title":"The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position","volume":"30","author":"Wickwire\n NA,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wickwire\n NA, \n \n White\n RP\n Jr, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position. J Oral Surg. 1972;30:184\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b17","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"123","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid bone positions following anterior mandibular subapical osteotomy in patients with Class III malocclusion","volume":"8","author":"Lew\n K.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lew\n K. \n \n Changes in tongue and hyoid bone positions following anterior mandibular subapical osteotomy in patients with Class III malocclusion. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1993;8:123\u2013128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"282","article-title":"Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular set back surgery","volume":"58","author":"Tselnik\n M,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tselnik\n M, \n \n Pogrel\n AM. \n \n Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular set back surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:282\u2013285."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b19","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular set back surgery","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami\n M,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami\n M, \n \n Yamamoto\n K, \n \n Fujimoto\n M, \n \n Ohgi\n K, \n \n Inoue\n M, \n \n Kirita\n T. \n \n Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular set back surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2005;33:107\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b20","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"180","article-title":"Cephalometric study of the upper airway in surgically corrected Class III deformity","volume":"17","author":"Samman\n N,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Samman\n N, \n \n Tang\n SS, \n \n Xia\n J. \n \n Cephalometric study of the upper airway in surgically corrected Class III deformity. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 2002;17:180\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"369","article-title":"The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion","volume":"139","author":"Jacobsone\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jacobsone\n G, \n \n Stanvik\n A, \n \n Espeland\n L. \n \n The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139:369\u2013376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b22","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of short- and long-term airway change and stability after orthognathic surgery in patients with Class III skeletal deformities: bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery","volume":"41","author":"Park\n SB,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park\n SB, \n \n Kim\n YI, \n \n Son\n WS, \n \n Hwang\n DS, \n \n Cho\n BH. \n \n Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of short- and long-term airway change and stability after orthognathic surgery in patients with Class III skeletal deformities: bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41:87\u201393."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"625","article-title":"Associations among upper airway structure, body position and obesity in skeletal Class I male patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"109","author":"Ono\n T,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ono\n T, \n \n Lowe\n AA, \n \n Ferguson\n KA, \n \n Fleetham\n JA. \n \n Associations among upper airway structure, body position and obesity in skeletal Class I male patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109:625\u2013634."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b24","series-title":"Sleep","first-page":"554","article-title":"Effect of a titratable oral appliance on supine airway size in awake non-apneic individuals","volume":"24","author":"Tsuiki\n S,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsuiki\n S, \n \n Hiyama\n S, \n \n Ono\n T, \n \n Immura\n N, \n \n Ishiwata\n N, \n \n Kuroda\n T. \n \n Effect of a titratable oral appliance on supine airway size in awake non-apneic individuals. Sleep. 2001;24:554\u2013560."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b25","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"20","article-title":"Maxillary, mandibular and hyoid advancement for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a review of 40 patients","volume":"48","author":"Riley\n RW,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Riley\n RW, \n \n Powell\n NB, \n \n Guilleminault\n C. \n \n Maxillary, mandibular and hyoid advancement for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a review of 40 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:20\u201326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b26","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"647","article-title":"The effect of mandibular setback or two-jaws surgery on pharyngeal airway among different genders","volume":"38","author":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K, \n \n Ueki\n K, \n \n Hashiba\n Y, \n et al. \n The effect of mandibular setback or two-jaws surgery on pharyngeal airway among different genders. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:647\u2013652."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b27","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1802","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway changes after sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible: a comparison between genders","volume":"68","author":"Kim\n JS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n JS, \n \n Kim\n JK, \n \n Hong\n SC, \n \n Cho\n JH. \n \n Pharyngeal airway changes after sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible: a comparison between genders. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1802\u20131806."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b28","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"552","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of long-term airway space changes with maxillary osteotomies","volume":"70","author":"Greco\n JM,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Greco\n JM, \n \n Frohberg\n U, \n \n Van Sickels\n JE. \n \n Cephalometric analysis of long-term airway space changes with maxillary osteotomies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;70:552\u2013554."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b29","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal airway space changes in class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery","volume":"69","author":"Pereira-Filho\n VA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pereira-Filho\n VA, \n \n Castro-Silva\n LM, \n \n Moraes\n M. \n \n Cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal airway space changes in class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:409\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b30","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"742","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a surgical protocol for dynamic upper airway reconstruction","volume":"51","author":"Riley\n RW,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Riley\n RW, \n \n Nelson\n B, \n \n Powell\n NB, \n \n Guilleminault\n C. \n \n Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a surgical protocol for dynamic upper airway reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:742\u2013747."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b31","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"639","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway changes in Class III patients treated with double jaw orthognathic surgery\u2014maxillary advancement and mandibular setback","volume":"70","author":"Becker\n OE,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Becker\n OE, \n \n Avelar\n RL, \n \n G\u00f6elzer\n JG, \n \n Dolzan Ado\n N, \n \n Haas\n OL\n Jr, \n \n De Oliveira\n RB. \n \n Pharyngeal airway changes in Class III patients treated with double jaw orthognathic surgery\u2014maxillary advancement and mandibular setback. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:639\u2013647."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b32","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"69","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults","volume":"37","author":"Mar\u015fan\n G,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mar\u015fan\n G, \n \n Kuvat\n SV, \n \n \u00d6zta\u015f\n E, \n \n Cura\n N, \n \n S\u00fczal\n Z, \n \n Emekli\n U. \n \n Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2008;37:69\u201373."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b01","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"333","article-title":"Mandibular setback for the surgical correction of mandibular hyperplasia\u2014does it provoke sleep-related breathing disorders","volume":"25","author":"Hochban\n W,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hochban\n W, \n \n Schurmann\n R, \n \n Bradenburg\n U, \n \n Conradt\n R. \n \n Mandibular setback for the surgical correction of mandibular hyperplasia\u2014does it provoke sleep-related breathing disorders? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;25:333\u2013338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b02","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"23","article-title":"Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone positions after body ostectomies and sagittal split ramus osteotomies","volume":"16","author":"G\u00fcven\n O,","year":"2005","unstructured":"G\u00fcven\n O, \n \n Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\n U. \n \n Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone positions after body ostectomies and sagittal split ramus osteotomies. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16:23\u201330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"302","article-title":"Changes of hyoid, tongue and pharyngeal airway after mandibular set back surgery by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy","volume":"80","author":"Hwang\n S,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hwang\n S, \n \n Chung\n CJ, \n \n Choi\n YJ, \n \n Huh\n JK, \n \n Kim\n KH. \n \n Changes of hyoid, tongue and pharyngeal airway after mandibular set back surgery by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:302\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b04","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"285","article-title":"Changes in hypopharyngeal airway space and in tongue and hyoid bone positions following the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"9","author":"Enacar\n A,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Enacar\n A, \n \n Aksoy\n AU, \n \n Sen\u00e7ift\n Y, \n \n Haydar\n B, \n \n Aras\n K. \n \n Changes in hypopharyngeal airway space and in tongue and hyoid bone positions following the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1994;9:285\u2013290."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"383","article-title":"Surgical mandible setback and changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology and head posture: a short- and long-term cephalometric study in males","volume":"22","author":"Achilleos\n S,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Achilleos\n S, \n \n Krogstad\n O, \n \n Lyberg\n T. \n \n Surgical mandible setback and changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology and head posture: a short- and long-term cephalometric study in males. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:383\u2013394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b06","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"278","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular set back osteotomy for prognathism","volume":"89","author":"Kawamata\n A,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kawamata\n A, \n \n Fujishita\n M. \n \n Three-dimensional computed tomographic evaluation of morphologic airway changes after mandibular set back osteotomy for prognathism. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:278\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"372","article-title":"Effects of bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery on pharyngeal airway measurements in patients with Class III skeletal deformities","volume":"131","author":"Chen\n F,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen\n F, \n \n Terada\n K, \n \n Hua\n Y, \n \n Saito\n I. \n \n Effects of bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery on pharyngeal airway measurements in patients with Class III skeletal deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:372\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b08","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"495","article-title":"A comparative CT evaluation of pharyngeal airway changes in class III patients receiving bimaxillary surgery or mandibular set back surgery","volume":"105","author":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K,","year":"2008","unstructured":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K, \n \n Koichiro\n U, \n \n Hashiba\n Y, \n \n Marukawa\n K, \n \n Nakagawa\n K, \n \n Yamamato\n E. \n \n A comparative CT evaluation of pharyngeal airway changes in class III patients receiving bimaxillary surgery or mandibular set back surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105:495\u2013502."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"993","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway space, hyoid bone position and head posture after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients","volume":"82","author":"Aydemir\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aydemir\n H, \n \n Memiko\u011flu\n U, \n \n Karasu\n H. \n \n Pharyngeal airway space, hyoid bone position and head posture after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:993\u20131000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b10","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"184","article-title":"The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position","volume":"30","author":"Wickwire\n NA,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wickwire\n NA, \n \n White\n RP\n Jr, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position. J Oral Surg. 1972;30:184\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"259","article-title":"Alterations of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth and their relationship after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"100","author":"Athanasiou\n AE,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Athanasiou\n AE, \n \n Toutoutzakis\n N, \n \n Mavreas\n D, \n \n Ritzaus\n M, \n \n Wenzel\n A. \n \n Alterations of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth and their relationship after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1991;100:259\u2013265."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b12","series-title":"Sven Tandlak Tidskr","first-page":"425","article-title":"Postural behaviour of the hyoid bone in normal occlusion and before and after surgical correction of mandibular protrusion","volume":"63","author":"Fromm\n B,","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fromm\n B, \n \n Lundberg\n M. \n \n Postural behaviour of the hyoid bone in normal occlusion and before and after surgical correction of mandibular protrusion. Sven Tandlak Tidskr. 1970;63:425\u2013433."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"37","article-title":"Changes in head posture and nasopharyngeal airway following surgical correction of mandibular prognathism","volume":"11","author":"Wenzel\n A,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wenzel\n A, \n \n Williams\n S, \n \n Ritzau\n M. \n \n Changes in head posture and nasopharyngeal airway following surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11:37\u201342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b14","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"132","article-title":"Relationship between the pharyngeal airway space and craniofacial morphology, taking into account head posture","volume":"36","author":"Muto\n T,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Muto\n T, \n \n Yamazaki\n A, \n \n Takeda\n S. \n \n Relationship between the pharyngeal airway space and craniofacial morphology, taking into account head posture. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;36:132\u2013136."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b15","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"111","article-title":"Long-term changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal airway size following mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy","volume":"33","author":"Eggensperger\n N,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eggensperger\n N, \n \n Smolka\n W, \n \n Ilzuka\n T. \n \n Long-term changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal airway size following mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2005;33:111\u2013117."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b16","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"184","article-title":"The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position","volume":"30","author":"Wickwire\n NA,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wickwire\n NA, \n \n White\n RP\n Jr, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n The effect of mandibular osteotomy on tongue position. J Oral Surg. 1972;30:184\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b17","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"123","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid bone positions following anterior mandibular subapical osteotomy in patients with Class III malocclusion","volume":"8","author":"Lew\n K.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lew\n K. \n \n Changes in tongue and hyoid bone positions following anterior mandibular subapical osteotomy in patients with Class III malocclusion. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1993;8:123\u2013128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"282","article-title":"Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular set back surgery","volume":"58","author":"Tselnik\n M,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tselnik\n M, \n \n Pogrel\n AM. \n \n Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular set back surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:282\u2013285."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b19","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular set back surgery","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami\n M,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami\n M, \n \n Yamamoto\n K, \n \n Fujimoto\n M, \n \n Ohgi\n K, \n \n Inoue\n M, \n \n Kirita\n T. \n \n Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular set back surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2005;33:107\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b20","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"180","article-title":"Cephalometric study of the upper airway in surgically corrected Class III deformity","volume":"17","author":"Samman\n N,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Samman\n N, \n \n Tang\n SS, \n \n Xia\n J. \n \n Cephalometric study of the upper airway in surgically corrected Class III deformity. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 2002;17:180\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"369","article-title":"The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion","volume":"139","author":"Jacobsone\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jacobsone\n G, \n \n Stanvik\n A, \n \n Espeland\n L. \n \n The effect of maxillary advancement and impaction on the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery to correct Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139:369\u2013376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b22","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of short- and long-term airway change and stability after orthognathic surgery in patients with Class III skeletal deformities: bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery","volume":"41","author":"Park\n SB,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park\n SB, \n \n Kim\n YI, \n \n Son\n WS, \n \n Hwang\n DS, \n \n Cho\n BH. \n \n Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of short- and long-term airway change and stability after orthognathic surgery in patients with Class III skeletal deformities: bimaxillary surgery and mandibular set back surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41:87\u201393."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"625","article-title":"Associations among upper airway structure, body position and obesity in skeletal Class I male patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"109","author":"Ono\n T,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ono\n T, \n \n Lowe\n AA, \n \n Ferguson\n KA, \n \n Fleetham\n JA. \n \n Associations among upper airway structure, body position and obesity in skeletal Class I male patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109:625\u2013634."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b24","series-title":"Sleep","first-page":"554","article-title":"Effect of a titratable oral appliance on supine airway size in awake non-apneic individuals","volume":"24","author":"Tsuiki\n S,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsuiki\n S, \n \n Hiyama\n S, \n \n Ono\n T, \n \n Immura\n N, \n \n Ishiwata\n N, \n \n Kuroda\n T. \n \n Effect of a titratable oral appliance on supine airway size in awake non-apneic individuals. Sleep. 2001;24:554\u2013560."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b25","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"20","article-title":"Maxillary, mandibular and hyoid advancement for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a review of 40 patients","volume":"48","author":"Riley\n RW,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Riley\n RW, \n \n Powell\n NB, \n \n Guilleminault\n C. \n \n Maxillary, mandibular and hyoid advancement for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a review of 40 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;48:20\u201326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b26","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"647","article-title":"The effect of mandibular setback or two-jaws surgery on pharyngeal airway among different genders","volume":"38","author":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De\u011ferliyurt\n K, \n \n Ueki\n K, \n \n Hashiba\n Y, \n et al. \n The effect of mandibular setback or two-jaws surgery on pharyngeal airway among different genders. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:647\u2013652."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b27","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1802","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway changes after sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible: a comparison between genders","volume":"68","author":"Kim\n JS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n JS, \n \n Kim\n JK, \n \n Hong\n SC, \n \n Cho\n JH. \n \n Pharyngeal airway changes after sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible: a comparison between genders. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1802\u20131806."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b28","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"552","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of long-term airway space changes with maxillary osteotomies","volume":"70","author":"Greco\n JM,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Greco\n JM, \n \n Frohberg\n U, \n \n Van Sickels\n JE. \n \n Cephalometric analysis of long-term airway space changes with maxillary osteotomies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;70:552\u2013554."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b29","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal airway space changes in class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery","volume":"69","author":"Pereira-Filho\n VA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pereira-Filho\n VA, \n \n Castro-Silva\n LM, \n \n Moraes\n M. \n \n Cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal airway space changes in class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:409\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b30","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"742","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a surgical protocol for dynamic upper airway reconstruction","volume":"51","author":"Riley\n RW,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Riley\n RW, \n \n Nelson\n B, \n \n Powell\n NB, \n \n Guilleminault\n C. \n \n Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a surgical protocol for dynamic upper airway reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:742\u2013747."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b31","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"639","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway changes in Class III patients treated with double jaw orthognathic surgery\u2014maxillary advancement and mandibular setback","volume":"70","author":"Becker\n OE,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Becker\n OE, \n \n Avelar\n RL, \n \n G\u00f6elzer\n JG, \n \n Dolzan Ado\n N, \n \n Haas\n OL\n Jr, \n \n De Oliveira\n RB. \n \n Pharyngeal airway changes in Class III patients treated with double jaw orthognathic surgery\u2014maxillary advancement and mandibular setback. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:639\u2013647."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-773-b32","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"69","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults","volume":"37","author":"Mar\u015fan\n G,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mar\u015fan\n G, \n \n Kuvat\n SV, \n \n \u00d6zta\u015f\n E, \n \n Cura\n N, \n \n S\u00fczal\n Z, \n \n Emekli\n U. \n \n Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2008;37:69\u201373."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/84\/5\/article-p773.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/84\/5\/article-p773.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/84\/5\/article-p773.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:42:43Z","timestamp":1780069363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/84\/5\/article-p773.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/072213-534.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}