{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T22:14:43Z","timestamp":1782339283792,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from children undergoing orthodontic radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 25 healthy children undergoing orthodontic therapy partook in a complete set of orthodontic radiographs (lateral cephalographic, posteroanterior cephalographic, panoramic, full periapical exam, and bitewing). The micronucleus test in the buccal exfoliated cells was applied. The paired-samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test and the Wilcoxon test were used to compare the frequencies of alterations before and after X-ray exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found no statistically significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05) between micronucleated buccal mucosa cells before and after exposure to radiation. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a .007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the micronucleus test, the complete set of radiographs requested in the orthodontic planning may not be a factor that induces chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/072311-468.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T16:44:35Z","timestamp":1323708275000},"page":"585-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cytogenetic biomonitoring in children submitting to a complete set of radiographs for orthodontic planning"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Diego","family":"Coelho Lorenzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MS student, Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Cuzzuol Fracalossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Department of Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS student, Department of Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Araki Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Santos, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Franzotti Sant'","family":"Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b01","series-title":"Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol","first-page":"95","article-title":"DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation in mammalian cells: identities, mechanisms of formation, and reparability.","volume":"35","author":"Ward, J. F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ward, J. F.\n          \n          DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation in mammalian cells: identities, mechanisms of formation, and reparability.\n          Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol\n          1988. 35:95\u2013125."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b02","series-title":"Nucleic Med Biol","first-page":"575","article-title":"Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of chronic low-dose ionizing radiation exposure on nuclear medicine workers.","volume":"36","author":"Sahin, A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sahin, A., A.Tatar, S.Oztas, et al. 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Radiographs associated with one episode of orthodontic therapy.J Dent Educ2006. 70:1061\u20131065."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b05","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Patient risk related to common dental radiographic examinations: the impact of 2007 International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations regarding dose calculation.","volume":"139","author":"Ludlow, J. B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ludlow, J. B., L. E.Davies-Ludlow, and S. C.White. Patient risk related to common dental radiographic examinations: the impact of 2007 International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations regarding dose calculation.J Am Dent Assoc2008. 139:1237\u20131243."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b06","series-title":"Radiat Med","first-page":"325","article-title":"Cytogenetic biomonitoring of oral mucosa cells from adults exposed to dental X-rays.","volume":"26","author":"Ribeiro, D. A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ribeiro, D. A. and F.Angelieri. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of oral mucosa cells from adults exposed to dental X-rays.Radiat Med2008. 26:325\u2013330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"210","article-title":"Head-and-neck organ doses from an episode of orthodontic care.","volume":"133","author":"Hujoel, P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hujoel, P., L.Hollender, A. M.Bollen, J. D.Young, M.McGee, and A.Grosso. Head-and-neck organ doses from an episode of orthodontic care.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 133:210\u2013217."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b08","series-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health","first-page":"461","article-title":"Biomarkers of intermediate endpoints in environmental and occupational health.","volume":"210","author":"Knudsen, L. E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Knudsen, L. E. and A. M.Hansen. Biomarkers of intermediate endpoints in environmental and occupational health.Int J Hyg Environ Health2007. 210:461\u2013470."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b09","series-title":"Mutat Res","first-page":"93","article-title":"The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps.","volume":"659","author":"Holland, N.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holland, N., C.Bolognesi, M.Kirsch-Volders, et al. The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps.Mutat Res2008. 659:93\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b10","series-title":"Carcinogenesis","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Standardization of counting micronuclei: definition of a protocol to measure genotoxic damage in human exfoliated cells.","volume":"16","author":"Belien, J. A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belien, J. A., M. 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Patient risk related to common dental radiographic examinations: the impact of 2007 International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations regarding dose calculation.J Am Dent Assoc2008. 139:1237\u20131243."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b06","series-title":"Radiat Med","first-page":"325","article-title":"Cytogenetic biomonitoring of oral mucosa cells from adults exposed to dental X-rays.","volume":"26","author":"Ribeiro, D. A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ribeiro, D. A. and F.Angelieri. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of oral mucosa cells from adults exposed to dental X-rays.Radiat Med2008. 26:325\u2013330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"210","article-title":"Head-and-neck organ doses from an episode of orthodontic care.","volume":"133","author":"Hujoel, P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hujoel, P., L.Hollender, A. M.Bollen, J. D.Young, M.McGee, and A.Grosso. 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The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps.Mutat Res2008. 659:93\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b10","series-title":"Carcinogenesis","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Standardization of counting micronuclei: definition of a protocol to measure genotoxic damage in human exfoliated cells.","volume":"16","author":"Belien, J. A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belien, J. A., M. P.Copper, B. J.Braakhuis, G. B.Snow, and J. P.Baak. Standardization of counting micronuclei: definition of a protocol to measure genotoxic damage in human exfoliated cells.Carcinogenesis1995. 16:2395\u20132400."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b11","series-title":"Mutat Res","first-page":"111","article-title":"Genetic damage in exfoliated cells from oral mucosa of individuals exposed to X-rays during panoramic dental radiographies.","volume":"562","author":"Cerqueira, E. M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cerqueira, E. M., I. S.Gomes-Filho, S.Trindade, M. A.Lopes, J. S.Passos, and G. M.Machado-Santelli. Genetic damage in exfoliated cells from oral mucosa of individuals exposed to X-rays during panoramic dental radiographies.Mutat Res2004. 562:111\u2013117."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b12","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"398","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of X-rays on keratinized mucosa cells during panoramic dental radiography.","volume":"37","author":"Cerqueira, E. M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cerqueira, E. M., J. R.Meireles, M. A.Lopes, et al. Genotoxic effects of X-rays on keratinized mucosa cells during panoramic dental radiography.Dentomaxillofac Radiol2008. 37:398\u2013403."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b13","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"561","article-title":"DNA damage and cellular death in oral mucosa cells of children who have undergone panoramic dental radiography.","volume":"37","author":"Angelieri, F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Angelieri, F., G. R.de Oliveira, E. K.Sannomiya, and D. A.Ribeiro. DNA damage and cellular death in oral mucosa cells of children who have undergone panoramic dental radiography.Pediatr Radiol2007. 37:561\u2013565."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b14","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"437","article-title":"Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity assessment in patients undergoing orthodontic radiographs.","volume":"39","author":"Angelieri, F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Angelieri, F., V.Carlin, D. M.Saez, R.Pozzi, and D. A.Ribeiro. 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Cytogenetic damage in circulating lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.J Radiat Res2005. 46:135\u2013142."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b17","series-title":"Mutat Res","first-page":"121","article-title":"Nuclear changes in tongue epithelial cells following panoramic radiography.","volume":"632","author":"da Silva, A. E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"da Silva, A. E., P. V.Rados, I.da Silva Lauxen, L.Gedoz, E. A.Villarinho, and V.Fontanella. Nuclear changes in tongue epithelial cells following panoramic radiography.Mutat Res2007. 632:121\u2013125."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b18","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"168","article-title":"Micronucleus test in buccal epithelium cells from patients subjected to panoramic radiography.","volume":"36","author":"Popova, L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Popova, L., D.Kishkilova, V. B.Hadjidekova, et al. Micronucleus test in buccal epithelium cells from patients subjected to panoramic radiography.Dentomaxillofac Radiol2007. 36:168\u2013171."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b19","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"404","article-title":"Cytogenetic biomonitoring in patients exposed to dental X-rays: comparison between adults and children.","volume":"37","author":"Ribeiro, D. A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ribeiro, D. A., G.de Oliveira, G.de Castro, and F.Angelieri. Cytogenetic biomonitoring in patients exposed to dental X-rays: comparison between adults and children.Dentomaxillofac Radiol2008. 37:404\u2013407."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b20","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"357","article-title":"Cellular death but not genetic damage in oral mucosa cells after exposure to digital lateral radiography.","volume":"15","author":"Ribeiro, D. A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ribeiro, D. A., E. K.Sannomiya, R.Pozzi, S. R.Miranda, and F.Angelieri. 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Use of the micronucleus assay with exfoliated epithelial cells as a biomarker for monitoring individuals at elevated risk of genetic damage and in chemoprevention trials.Mutat Res2001. 489:147\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b25","series-title":"Mutat Res","first-page":"157","article-title":"Evaluation of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and micronuclei in lymphocytes, oral mucosa and hair root cells of patients under antiblastic therapy.","volume":"228","author":"Sarto, F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sarto, F., R.Tomanin, L.Giacomelli, et al. 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Comparative evaluation of the in vitro micronucleus test and the comet assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of X-ray radiation.Mutat Res2000. 469:223\u2013231."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-4-585-b32","series-title":"Toxicology","first-page":"233","article-title":"Non-genotoxic carcinogens: early effects on gap junctions, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the rat.","volume":"180","author":"Mally, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mally, A. and J. K.Chipman. 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