{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:10:35Z","timestamp":1774408235918,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To assess the effectiveness of virtual reality relaxation (VRR) as an intervention for reducing anxiety in adolescents and adults during the orthodontic bonding procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective clinical study included 53 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment at the Indiana University School of Dentistry. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group using VRR during orthodontic direct bonding or the control group receiving no distraction. Physiological measures (blood pressure [BP], heart rate [HR], and oxygen saturation) and psychological assessments (5-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory\u2013Short Form, and the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety [VAS-A]) were collected at baseline (T\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n ) and 30 minutes into the bonding procedure after bonding of one arch (T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ). Repeated measures of analysis of variance were used to compare groups and timepoints.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n At T\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n , no statistically significant differences were found between the control and VRR groups across any psychological or physiological measures (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05). Although both groups showed significant reductions for physiological and psychological measures from T\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n to T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01), the VRR group reported significantly lower VAS-A scores, HR, and diastolic BP at T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n than the control group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n VRR effectively reduced psychological and physiological anxiety during orthodontic bonding procedures, supporting VRR as a promising adjunctive tool in managing dental anxiety during orthodontic care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/072825-638.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T01:08:06Z","timestamp":1773623286000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of virtual reality relaxation on anxiety levels of adolescents and adults during orthodontic bonding: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","author":[{"given":"Kynnedy","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Preusse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sruthi","family":"Bhamidipalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistician, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistician, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Turkkahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/aop\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/aop\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/aop\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:41:06Z","timestamp":1774406466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/aop\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1\/article-10.2319-072825-638.1.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/072825-638.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]}}}