{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:44:00Z","timestamp":1783763040434,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adequate intrusion and torque control of the retroclined maxillary incisors are critical for the treatment of Class II division 2 (div2) malocclusion. In addition, anterior retraction via lingual root movement can be challenging. This case report demonstrates a combined use of miniscrews and continuous arch with additional torque for intrusion, retraction, and torque control of maxillary incisors in the Class II div2 with gummy smile. A 20-year-old woman presented with multiple issues, including impacted canine, lip protrusion, prolonged retained mandibular primary molar, and two missing maxillary premolars. In order to improve her facial profile and eliminate the need for prosthetic work, the mandibular primary molar and contralateral premolar were extracted. Two miniscrews were placed at the maxillary buccal alveolar bone to apply the posterosuperior force for retraction of anterior teeth, with additional labial crown torque on the arch wire. The results were the intrusion (4\u00a0mm) and lingual root movement (17\u00b0) of the maxillary incisors without anchorage loss of maxillary molars, flattening of the Curve of Spee, and Class I molar relation that were maintained after 50\u00a0months of retention period. The combined use of miniscrews and continuous arch could be a reliable and effective treatment modality for torque control and intrusion of retroclined maxillary incisors in the Class II div2 patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/080713-587.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]],"date-time":"2014-02-10T14:25:46Z","timestamp":1392042346000},"page":"910-918","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Combined use of miniscrews and continuous arch for intrusive root movement of incisors in Class II division 2 with gummy smile"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Sung-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b01","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"323","article-title":"The importance of the level of the lip line and resting lip pressure in Class II, division 2 malocclusion","volume":"81","author":"Lapatki\n              BG,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lapatki\n              BG, \n            \n              Mager\n              AS, \n            \n              Schulte-Moenting\n              J, \n            \n              Jonas\n              IE. \n          \n          The importance of the level of the lip line and resting lip pressure in Class II, division 2 malocclusion. J Dent Res. 2002;81:323\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b02","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"109","article-title":"Dentofacial parameters explaining variability in retroclination of the maxillary central incisors","volume":"68","author":"Lapatki\n              BG,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lapatki\n              BG, \n            \n              Klatt\n              A, \n            \n              Schulte-Monting\n              J, \n            \n              Jonas\n              IE. \n          \n          Dentofacial parameters explaining variability in retroclination of the maxillary central incisors. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68:109\u2013123."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"942","article-title":"Lip-to-incisor relationship and postorthodontic long-term stability of cover-bite treatment","volume":"76","author":"Lapatki\n              BG,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lapatki\n              BG, \n            \n              Baustert\n              D, \n            \n              Schulte-Monting\n              J, \n            \n              Frucht\n              S, \n            \n              Jonas\n              IE. \n          \n          Lip-to-incisor relationship and postorthodontic long-term stability of cover-bite treatment. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:942\u2013949."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"Stability of upper incisor inclination changes in Class II division 2 patients","volume":"29","author":"Devreese\n              H,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Devreese\n              H, \n            \n              De Pauw\n              G, \n            \n              Van Maele\n              G, \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM, \n            \n              Dermaut\n              L. \n          \n          Stability of upper incisor inclination changes in Class II division 2 patients. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:314\u2013320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b05","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"34","article-title":"The problem of overbite in Class II, division 2 malocclusion","volume":"1","author":"Mills\n              JR.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mills\n              JR. \n          \n          The problem of overbite in Class II, division 2 malocclusion. Br J Orthod. 1973;1:34\u201348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"817","article-title":"Torque and its application to orthodontics","volume":"45","author":"Rauch\n              E.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Rauch\n              E. \n          \n          Torque and its application to orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1959;45:817\u2013830."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"Biomechanics of torque from twisted rectangular archwires. A finite element investigation","volume":"77","author":"Jayade\n              V,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jayade\n              V, \n            \n              Annigeri\n              S, \n            \n              Jayade\n              C, \n            \n              Thawani\n              P. \n          \n          Biomechanics of torque from twisted rectangular archwires. A finite element investigation. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:214\u2013220."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"99","article-title":"The mechanics of the segmented arch techniques","volume":"36","author":"Burstone\n              CJ.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Burstone\n              CJ. \n          \n          The mechanics of the segmented arch techniques. Angle Orthod. 1966;36:99\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"165","article-title":"Force system generated by an adjustable molar root movement mechanism","volume":"135","author":"Viecilli\n              RF,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Viecilli\n              RF, \n            \n              Chen\n              J, \n            \n              Katona\n              TR, \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE. \n          \n          Force system generated by an adjustable molar root movement mechanism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:165\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"182","article-title":"Group A T-loop for differential moment mechanics: an implant study","volume":"135","author":"Martins\n              RP,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martins\n              RP, \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH, \n            \n              Gandini\n              LG\n              Jr. \n          \n          Group A T-loop for differential moment mechanics: an implant study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:182\u2013189."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b11","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"75","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage in orthodontics\u2014a review of various systems in animal and human studies","volume":"23","author":"Janssen\n              KI,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Janssen\n              KI, \n            \n              Raghoebar\n              GM, \n            \n              Vissink\n              A, \n            \n              Sandham\n              A. \n          \n          Skeletal anchorage in orthodontics\u2014a review of various systems in animal and human studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008;23:75\u201388."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"245","article-title":"The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars","volume":"22","author":"Bjerklin\n              K,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bjerklin\n              K, \n            \n              Bennett\n              J. \n          \n          The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:245\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b13","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"127","article-title":"Ten-year retrospective follow-up study of the TiOblast dental implant","volume":"14","author":"Al-Nawas\n              B,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Nawas\n              B, \n            \n              Kammerer\n              PW, \n            \n              Morbach\n              T, \n            \n              Ladwein\n              C, \n            \n              Wegener\n              J, \n            \n              Wagner\n              W. \n          \n          Ten-year retrospective follow-up study of the TiOblast dental implant. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14:127\u2013134."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b14","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"772","article-title":"Long-term implant survival and success: a 10\u201316-year follow-up of non-submerged dental implants","volume":"21","author":"Simonis\n              P,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simonis\n              P, \n            \n              Dufour\n              T, \n            \n              Tenenbaum\n              H. \n          \n          Long-term implant survival and success: a 10\u201316-year follow-up of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21:772\u2013777."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"278","article-title":"Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines","volume":"126","author":"Kokich\n              VG.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VG. \n          \n          Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:278\u2013283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"The possibility of skeletal anchorage","volume":"17","author":"Creekmore\n              TD,","year":"1983","unstructured":"Creekmore\n              TD, \n            \n              Eklund\n              MK. \n          \n          The possibility of skeletal anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 1983;17:266\u2013269."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b17","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"Mini-implants for en masse intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth in a severe Class II division 2 malocclusion","volume":"35","author":"Upadhyay\n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Upadhyay\n              M, \n            \n              Nagaraj\n              K, \n            \n              Yadav\n              S, \n            \n              Saxena\n              R. \n          \n          Mini-implants for en masse intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth in a severe Class II division 2 malocclusion. J Orthod. 2008;35:79\u201389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b18","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"384","article-title":"3-D FEA on the intrusion of mandibular anterior segment using orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"41","author":"Park\n              H,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park\n              H, \n            \n              Sung\n              E, \n            \n              Cho\n              Y, \n            \n              Mo\n              S, \n            \n              Chun\n              Y, \n            \n              Lee\n              K. \n          \n          3-D FEA on the intrusion of mandibular anterior segment using orthodontic miniscrews. Korean J Orthod. 2011;41:384\u2013398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Variability of effective root torque as a function of edge bevel on orthodontic arch wires","volume":"86","author":"Sebanc\n              J,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sebanc\n              J, \n            \n              Brantley\n              WA, \n            \n              Pincsak\n              JJ, \n            \n              Conover\n              JP. \n          \n          Variability of effective root torque as a function of edge bevel on orthodontic arch wires. Am J Orthod. 1984;86:43\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b20","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"83","article-title":"Finite-element investigation of the center of resistance of the maxillary dentition","volume":"39","author":"Jeong GM\n              SS,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jeong GM\n              SS, \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ, \n            \n              Chun\n              YS, \n            \n              Mo\n              SS. \n          \n          Finite-element investigation of the center of resistance of the maxillary dentition. Korean J Orthod. 2009;39:83\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"451","article-title":"Palatally impacted canines: the case for closed surgical exposure and immediate orthodontic traction","volume":"143","author":"Becker\n              A,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Becker\n              A, \n            \n              Chaushu\n              S. \n          \n          Palatally impacted canines: the case for closed surgical exposure and immediate orthodontic traction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:451\u2013459."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"677","article-title":"Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor","volume":"114","author":"Parker\n              RJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Parker\n              RJ, \n            \n              Harris\n              EF. \n          \n          Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114:677\u2013683."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b23","series-title":"Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques","first-page":"92","article-title":"Biomechanical principles and reactions","author":"Reitan\n              K.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Reitan\n              K. \n          \n          Biomechanical principles and reactions. In: GraberT, SwainB, eds. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1985:92\u2013101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b24","series-title":"Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics","first-page":"167","article-title":"Appliances, mechanics, and treatment strategies toward orthognathic-like treatment results","author":"Liou\n              E,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liou\n              E, \n            \n              Lin\n              J. \n          \n          Appliances, mechanics, and treatment strategies toward orthognathic-like treatment results. In: NandaR, UribeF, eds. Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2009:167\u2013197."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b01","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"323","article-title":"The importance of the level of the lip line and resting lip pressure in Class II, division 2 malocclusion","volume":"81","author":"Lapatki\n              BG,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lapatki\n              BG, \n            \n              Mager\n              AS, \n            \n              Schulte-Moenting\n              J, \n            \n              Jonas\n              IE. \n          \n          The importance of the level of the lip line and resting lip pressure in Class II, division 2 malocclusion. J Dent Res. 2002;81:323\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b02","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"109","article-title":"Dentofacial parameters explaining variability in retroclination of the maxillary central incisors","volume":"68","author":"Lapatki\n              BG,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lapatki\n              BG, \n            \n              Klatt\n              A, \n            \n              Schulte-Monting\n              J, \n            \n              Jonas\n              IE. \n          \n          Dentofacial parameters explaining variability in retroclination of the maxillary central incisors. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68:109\u2013123."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"942","article-title":"Lip-to-incisor relationship and postorthodontic long-term stability of cover-bite treatment","volume":"76","author":"Lapatki\n              BG,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lapatki\n              BG, \n            \n              Baustert\n              D, \n            \n              Schulte-Monting\n              J, \n            \n              Frucht\n              S, \n            \n              Jonas\n              IE. \n          \n          Lip-to-incisor relationship and postorthodontic long-term stability of cover-bite treatment. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:942\u2013949."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"Stability of upper incisor inclination changes in Class II division 2 patients","volume":"29","author":"Devreese\n              H,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Devreese\n              H, \n            \n              De Pauw\n              G, \n            \n              Van Maele\n              G, \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM, \n            \n              Dermaut\n              L. \n          \n          Stability of upper incisor inclination changes in Class II division 2 patients. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:314\u2013320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b05","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"34","article-title":"The problem of overbite in Class II, division 2 malocclusion","volume":"1","author":"Mills\n              JR.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mills\n              JR. \n          \n          The problem of overbite in Class II, division 2 malocclusion. Br J Orthod. 1973;1:34\u201348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"817","article-title":"Torque and its application to orthodontics","volume":"45","author":"Rauch\n              E.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Rauch\n              E. \n          \n          Torque and its application to orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1959;45:817\u2013830."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"Biomechanics of torque from twisted rectangular archwires. A finite element investigation","volume":"77","author":"Jayade\n              V,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jayade\n              V, \n            \n              Annigeri\n              S, \n            \n              Jayade\n              C, \n            \n              Thawani\n              P. \n          \n          Biomechanics of torque from twisted rectangular archwires. A finite element investigation. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:214\u2013220."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"99","article-title":"The mechanics of the segmented arch techniques","volume":"36","author":"Burstone\n              CJ.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Burstone\n              CJ. \n          \n          The mechanics of the segmented arch techniques. Angle Orthod. 1966;36:99\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"165","article-title":"Force system generated by an adjustable molar root movement mechanism","volume":"135","author":"Viecilli\n              RF,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Viecilli\n              RF, \n            \n              Chen\n              J, \n            \n              Katona\n              TR, \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE. \n          \n          Force system generated by an adjustable molar root movement mechanism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:165\u2013173."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"182","article-title":"Group A T-loop for differential moment mechanics: an implant study","volume":"135","author":"Martins\n              RP,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martins\n              RP, \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH, \n            \n              Gandini\n              LG\n              Jr. \n          \n          Group A T-loop for differential moment mechanics: an implant study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:182\u2013189."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b11","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"75","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage in orthodontics\u2014a review of various systems in animal and human studies","volume":"23","author":"Janssen\n              KI,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Janssen\n              KI, \n            \n              Raghoebar\n              GM, \n            \n              Vissink\n              A, \n            \n              Sandham\n              A. \n          \n          Skeletal anchorage in orthodontics\u2014a review of various systems in animal and human studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008;23:75\u201388."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"245","article-title":"The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars","volume":"22","author":"Bjerklin\n              K,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bjerklin\n              K, \n            \n              Bennett\n              J. \n          \n          The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:245\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b13","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"127","article-title":"Ten-year retrospective follow-up study of the TiOblast dental implant","volume":"14","author":"Al-Nawas\n              B,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Nawas\n              B, \n            \n              Kammerer\n              PW, \n            \n              Morbach\n              T, \n            \n              Ladwein\n              C, \n            \n              Wegener\n              J, \n            \n              Wagner\n              W. \n          \n          Ten-year retrospective follow-up study of the TiOblast dental implant. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14:127\u2013134."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b14","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"772","article-title":"Long-term implant survival and success: a 10\u201316-year follow-up of non-submerged dental implants","volume":"21","author":"Simonis\n              P,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simonis\n              P, \n            \n              Dufour\n              T, \n            \n              Tenenbaum\n              H. \n          \n          Long-term implant survival and success: a 10\u201316-year follow-up of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21:772\u2013777."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"278","article-title":"Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines","volume":"126","author":"Kokich\n              VG.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VG. \n          \n          Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:278\u2013283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"The possibility of skeletal anchorage","volume":"17","author":"Creekmore\n              TD,","year":"1983","unstructured":"Creekmore\n              TD, \n            \n              Eklund\n              MK. \n          \n          The possibility of skeletal anchorage. J Clin Orthod. 1983;17:266\u2013269."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b17","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"Mini-implants for en masse intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth in a severe Class II division 2 malocclusion","volume":"35","author":"Upadhyay\n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Upadhyay\n              M, \n            \n              Nagaraj\n              K, \n            \n              Yadav\n              S, \n            \n              Saxena\n              R. \n          \n          Mini-implants for en masse intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth in a severe Class II division 2 malocclusion. J Orthod. 2008;35:79\u201389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b18","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"384","article-title":"3-D FEA on the intrusion of mandibular anterior segment using orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"41","author":"Park\n              H,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park\n              H, \n            \n              Sung\n              E, \n            \n              Cho\n              Y, \n            \n              Mo\n              S, \n            \n              Chun\n              Y, \n            \n              Lee\n              K. \n          \n          3-D FEA on the intrusion of mandibular anterior segment using orthodontic miniscrews. Korean J Orthod. 2011;41:384\u2013398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Variability of effective root torque as a function of edge bevel on orthodontic arch wires","volume":"86","author":"Sebanc\n              J,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sebanc\n              J, \n            \n              Brantley\n              WA, \n            \n              Pincsak\n              JJ, \n            \n              Conover\n              JP. \n          \n          Variability of effective root torque as a function of edge bevel on orthodontic arch wires. Am J Orthod. 1984;86:43\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b20","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"83","article-title":"Finite-element investigation of the center of resistance of the maxillary dentition","volume":"39","author":"Jeong GM\n              SS,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jeong GM\n              SS, \n            \n              Lee\n              KJ, \n            \n              Chun\n              YS, \n            \n              Mo\n              SS. \n          \n          Finite-element investigation of the center of resistance of the maxillary dentition. Korean J Orthod. 2009;39:83\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-5-910-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"451","article-title":"Palatally impacted canines: the case for closed surgical exposure and immediate orthodontic traction","volume":"143","author":"Becker\n              A,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Becker\n              A, \n            \n              Chaushu\n              S. \n          \n          Palatally impacted canines: the case for closed surgical exposure and immediate orthodontic traction. 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