{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:52:10Z","timestamp":1762865530457,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cytotoxicity related to the modes of polymerization of five commercially available orthodontic bonding resins, with and without an oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL), and to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of these resins and correlate this to cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> Five commercially available orthodontic bonding resins were tested for cytotoxicity and DC. Thirty-six disks of standardized dimensions, for each resin, were used for cytotoxicity assessment. Half of them were washed with 99% acetone to remove the OIL (washed resins), and the remaining disks were left intact (intact resins). Glass disks were used as a control. Vero cells were exposed to intact and washed resins on day 1. Cell viability was determined by tetrazolium bromide reduction assay 1, 3, and 6 days after exposure. The DC of the adhesive specimens of each resin, prepared with a procedure identical to the clinical bonding process, was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Single-cured systems were comparatively less cytotoxic than dual-cured systems. With removal of the OIL, increased cell viability was noted only with two resins on all three days. Resins tested showed differences in DC. A positive correlation was demonstrated by two resins.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The hypothesis is rejected. Single-cured systems are superior to dual-cured systems in exhibiting comparatively less toxicity and higher DC. A significant positive correlation was not established between cytotoxicity and DC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/080808-418r.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T18:16:19Z","timestamp":1243620979000},"page":"1133-1138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cytotoxicity and Degree of Conversion of Orthodontic Adhesives"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Nithya","family":"Jagdish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sridevi","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Corresponding author: Dr Sridevi Padmanabhan, Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur 600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (sridevipadu@gmail.com)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun B.","family":"Chitharanjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Professor and Department Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Revathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Director, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunasekaran","family":"Palani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e\u2009Professor and Department Head, Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohana","family":"Sambasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"f\u2009Assistant Professor, Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaleefathullah","family":"Sheriff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"g\u2009Research Scientist, Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Saravanamurali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"h\u2009Research Assistant, Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1133-b1","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"1450","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects of resin components on cultured mammalian fibroblasts.","volume":"70","author":"Hanks, C. 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Cytotoxicity of dental composite components and mercury compounds in lung cells.Dent Mater2001. 17:95\u2013101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1133-b5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"419","article-title":"Long-term cytotoxicity of orthodontic direct-bonding adhesives.","volume":"93","author":"Tell, R. T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tell, R. T., R. J.Sydiskis, R. D.Isaacs, and W. M.Davidson. Long-term cytotoxicity of orthodontic direct-bonding adhesives.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1988. 93:419\u2013422."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1133-b6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"501","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxicity of orthodontic bonding materials.","volume":"83","author":"Terhune, W. F.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Terhune, W. F., R. J.Sydiskis, and W. M.Davidson. 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Estrogenicity of fissure sealants and adhesive resins determined by reporter gene assay.J Dent Res2000. 79:1838\u20131843."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1133-b9","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"222","article-title":"In vitro estrogenecity of resin composites.","volume":"83","author":"Wada, H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wada, H., H.Tarumi, S.Imazato, M.Narimatsu, and S.Ebisu. In vitro estrogenecity of resin composites.J Dent Res2004. 83:222\u2013226."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-06-1133-b10","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"989","article-title":"Leaching of unpolymerized materials from orthodontic bonding resin.","volume":"61","author":"Thompson, L. R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Thompson, L. R., E. G.Miller, and W. H.Bowles. 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Microscopic evaluation of the thickness of sealants used in orthodontic bonding.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1980. 78:623\u2013629."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1133.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/6\/1133\/1387358\/080808-418r_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1133.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1133.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:48:09Z","timestamp":1747356489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/6\/article-p1133.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/080808-418r.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-3219"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1945-7103"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}