{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:16:05Z","timestamp":1783386965982,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the magnitude of external apical root resorption (EARR) of incisors in patients undergoing the initial phase of orthodontic treatment with two sets of brackets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to the results of the power analysis for sample size calculation, 19 Angle Class I patients (anterior crowding: 3 to 5\u00a0mm; mean age: 20.6\u00a0years) were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups: group I (n \u200a=\u200a 11, self-ligating brackets) and group II (n \u200a=\u200a 8, conventional preadjusted brackets). The degree of EARR was detected in 152 upper and lower incisors by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and a three-dimensional program (Dolphin 11.5, Dolphin Imaging &amp; Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif) with 25% level of sensitivity. The CBCT scans were obtained before (T1) and 6\u00a0months after initiation of treatment (T2). Differences between and within groups were analyzed by nonpaired and paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, respectively, with 5% significance level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant differences were found for both groups between T1 and T2. However, no differences in the degree of EARR were detected between the groups studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although EARR has occurred in all teeth evaluated, the bracket design (self-ligating or conventional) did not demonstrate any influence on the results observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/080911-501.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]],"date-time":"2012-03-12T14:25:01Z","timestamp":1331562301000},"page":"1078-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Comparison of root resorption between self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets using cone beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate MS student, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Oltramari-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"726.e1","article-title":"Systematic review of self-ligating brackets.","volume":"137","author":"Chen, S. S. H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, S. S. H., G. M.Greenlee, J.Kim, C. L.Smith, and G. J.Huang. Systematic review of self-ligating brackets.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:726.e1\u2013726.e18."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b02","series-title":"Int J Orthod Dent Child","first-page":"837","article-title":"The Russell attachment and its improved advantages.","volume":"21","author":"Stolzenberg, J.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Stolzenberg, J.\n          \n          The Russell attachment and its improved advantages.\n          Int J Orthod Dent Child\n          1935. 21:837\u2013840."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b03","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"304","article-title":"The clinical efficiency of self-ligated brackets.","volume":"35","author":"Berger, J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berger, J. and F. K.Byloff. The clinical efficiency of self-ligated brackets.J Clin Orthod2001. 35:304\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"738","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of orthodontic treatment efficiency with self-ligating and conventional fixed orthodontic appliances.","volume":"137","author":"Fleming, S. P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fleming, S. P., A. T.Dibiase, and R. T.Lee. Randomized clinical trial of orthodontic treatment efficiency with self-ligating and conventional fixed orthodontic appliances.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:738\u2013742."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S100","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of tooth and root lengths measured on cone-beam computed tomographs.","volume":"137","author":"Sherrard, J. F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sherrard, J. F.\n          \n          Accuracy and reliability of tooth and root lengths measured on cone-beam computed tomographs.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          2010. 137:S100\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.","volume":"137","author":"Weltman, B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman, B.\n          \n          Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          2010. 137:462\u2013476."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Evaluation of the risks of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors.","volume":"10","author":"Levander, E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levander, E. and O.Malmgren. 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In-vitro comparison of 2 cone-beam computed tomography systems and panoramic imaging for detecting simulated canine impaction-induced external root resorption in maxillary lateral incisors.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 136:764.e1\u2013764.e11."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"693","article-title":"Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors.","volume":"32","author":"Jiang, R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang, R., J. P.McDonald, and M.Fu. 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C.Huang, and H.Choo. Advanced applications of cone beam computed tomography in orthodontics.Semin Orthod2011. 17:57\u201371."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"389","article-title":"Root-contact evaluation by panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of super-high resolution.","volume":"137","author":"Leuzinger, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leuzinger, M., A.Dudic, C.Giannopoulou, and S.Kiliaridis. Root-contact evaluation by panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of super-high resolution.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:389\u2013392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"466","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography for assessment of root length and marginal bone level during orthodontic treatment.","volume":"80","author":"Lund, H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lund, H., K.Gr\u00f6ndahl, and H.Gr\u00f6ndahl. Cone beam computed tomography for assessment of root length and marginal bone level during orthodontic treatment.Angle Orthod2010. 80:466\u2013473."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b19","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","author":"Dalhlberg, G.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dalhlberg, G.\n          \n          Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students. London, UKGeorge Allen and Unwin. 1940."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"262","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques.","volume":"118","author":"Janson, G. R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Janson, G. R., G. L.Canto, D. R.Martins, J. F. C.Henriques, and M. R.Freitas. 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A.\n          \n          Levels of root resorption associated with continuous arch and sectional arch mechanics.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1996. 110:321\u2013324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b23","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"335","article-title":"Constant versus dissipating forces in orthodontics: the effect on initial tooth movements and root resorption.","volume":"25","author":"Weiland, F.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weiland, F.\n          \n          Constant versus dissipating forces in orthodontics: the effect on initial tooth movements and root resorption.\n          Eur J Orthod\n          2003. 25:335\u2013342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"578","article-title":"Root resorption during tooth movements.","volume":"31","author":"Ramanathan, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramanathan, C. and Z.Hofman. 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Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6\u00a0months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and the relation to risk factors.Angle Orthod2011. 139:e73\u201381."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"57","article-title":"Apical root resorption 6\u00a0months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.","volume":"128","author":"Smale, I.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smale, I., J.\u00c4rtun, F.Behbehani, D.Doppel, M.Van\u2032t Hof, and A. M.Kuijpers-Jagtman. 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Systematic review of self-ligating brackets.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:726.e1\u2013726.e18."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b02","series-title":"Int J Orthod Dent Child","first-page":"837","article-title":"The Russell attachment and its improved advantages.","volume":"21","author":"Stolzenberg, J.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Stolzenberg, J.\n          \n          The Russell attachment and its improved advantages.\n          Int J Orthod Dent Child\n          1935. 21:837\u2013840."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b03","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"304","article-title":"The clinical efficiency of self-ligated brackets.","volume":"35","author":"Berger, J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berger, J. and F. K.Byloff. The clinical efficiency of self-ligated brackets.J Clin Orthod2001. 35:304\u2013308."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"738","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of orthodontic treatment efficiency with self-ligating and conventional fixed orthodontic appliances.","volume":"137","author":"Fleming, S. P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fleming, S. P., A. T.Dibiase, and R. T.Lee. Randomized clinical trial of orthodontic treatment efficiency with self-ligating and conventional fixed orthodontic appliances.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:738\u2013742."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S100","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of tooth and root lengths measured on cone-beam computed tomographs.","volume":"137","author":"Sherrard, J. F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sherrard, J. F.\n          \n          Accuracy and reliability of tooth and root lengths measured on cone-beam computed tomographs.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          2010. 137:S100\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.","volume":"137","author":"Weltman, B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman, B.\n          \n          Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          2010. 137:462\u2013476."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Evaluation of the risks of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors.","volume":"10","author":"Levander, E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levander, E. and O.Malmgren. 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In-vitro comparison of 2 cone-beam computed tomography systems and panoramic imaging for detecting simulated canine impaction-induced external root resorption in maxillary lateral incisors.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 136:764.e1\u2013764.e11."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"693","article-title":"Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors.","volume":"32","author":"Jiang, R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang, R., J. P.McDonald, and M.Fu. Root resorption before and after orthodontic treatment: a clinical study of contributory factors.Eur J Orthod2010. 32:693\u2013697."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"434","article-title":"Detection of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment by using panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of super-high resolution.","volume":"135","author":"Dudic,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dudic, , C.Giannopoulou, M.Leuzinger, and S.Kiliaridis. Detection of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment by using panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of super-high resolution.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 135:434\u2013437."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"57","article-title":"Advanced applications of cone beam computed tomography in orthodontics.","volume":"17","author":"Mah, J. K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mah, J. K., L.Yi, R. C.Huang, and H.Choo. Advanced applications of cone beam computed tomography in orthodontics.Semin Orthod2011. 17:57\u201371."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"389","article-title":"Root-contact evaluation by panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of super-high resolution.","volume":"137","author":"Leuzinger, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leuzinger, M., A.Dudic, C.Giannopoulou, and S.Kiliaridis. Root-contact evaluation by panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of super-high resolution.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 137:389\u2013392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"466","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography for assessment of root length and marginal bone level during orthodontic treatment.","volume":"80","author":"Lund, H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lund, H., K.Gr\u00f6ndahl, and H.Gr\u00f6ndahl. 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A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1999. 118:262\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"43","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment.","volume":"96","author":"Remington, D. N.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Remington, D. N., D. R.Joondeph, J.\u00c4rtun, R. A.Riedel, and M. K.Chapko. Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1989. 96:43\u201346."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"321","article-title":"Levels of root resorption associated with continuous arch and sectional arch mechanics.","volume":"110","author":"Alexander, S. A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alexander, S. 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Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6\u00a0months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and the relation to risk factors.Angle Orthod2011. 139:e73\u201381."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"57","article-title":"Apical root resorption 6\u00a0months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.","volume":"128","author":"Smale, I.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smale, I., J.\u00c4rtun, F.Behbehani, D.Doppel, M.Van\u2032t Hof, and A. M.Kuijpers-Jagtman. Apical root resorption 6\u00a0months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2005. 128:57\u201367."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"470.e1","article-title":"Alignment efficiency of Damon 3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"134","author":"Scott, P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scott, P., A. T.Di Biase, M.Sherriff, and M.Cobourne. Alignment efficiency of Damon 3 self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems: a randomized clinical trial.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:470.e1\u20138."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-6-1078-b29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"76","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with the edgewise and speed appliances.","volume":"108","author":"Blake, M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blake, M., D. J.Woodside, and M. J.Pharoah. 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