{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:58:49Z","timestamp":1780379929624,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of mouthwashes with and without bleaching agents on the force of elastomeric chains.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 108 elastomeric chain specimens was divided into six groups (n \u200a=\u200a 18 in each group). Two test groups were exposed to two types of commonly used mouthwashes (Plax and Listerine), and two groups were exposed to mouthwashes containing bleaching agent (Plax Whitening and Listerine Whitening). Immersion in the solutions was performed twice a day for 60\u00a0seconds. One group of control specimens remained immersed in artificial saliva throughout the entire experimental period, and the other control specimens were exposed to distilled water. Force measurements were performed at six time intervals (initial, 1\u00a0day, 7\u00a0days, 14\u00a0days, 21\u00a0days, and 28\u00a0days).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the initial period (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05). Statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the Plax, Plax Whitening, and Listerine groups at the time intervals of 7, 14, and 21\u00a0days. In the initial period, the force was statistically significantly higher than it was in any of the other experimental periods (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). The control group with distilled water and the test group with Plax Whitening maintained the most force during the experimental period.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The presence of bleaching agent has no influence on the force degradation of elastomeric chains.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/081012-646.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T18:46:33Z","timestamp":1357929993000},"page":"712-717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Do mouthwashes with and without bleaching agents degrade the force of elastomeric chains?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Matheus Melo","family":"Pithon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Orthodontics, Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Department of Health, Jequi\u00e9, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailana Cardoso","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Dentistry, Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rica Luiza Santana Moreira","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Dentistry, Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edlia Paula","family":"de Souza Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Dentistry, Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"dos Santos Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Dentistry, Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b01","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"685","article-title":"Relaxation of orthodontic elastomeric chains and modules in vitro and in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Ash\n JL,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ash\n JL, \n \n Nikolai\n RJ. \n \n Relaxation of orthodontic elastomeric chains and modules in vitro and in vivo. J Dent Res. 1978;57:685\u2013690."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"536","article-title":"Synthetic elastomeric chains: a literature review","volume":"105","author":"Baty\n DL,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baty\n DL, \n \n Storie\n DJ, \n \n von Fraunhofer\n JA. \n \n Synthetic elastomeric chains: a literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:536\u2013542."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"894","article-title":"The effects of varying alcohol concentrations commonly found in mouth rinses on the force decay of elastomeric chain","volume":"82","author":"Larrabee\n TM,","year":"2012 Sep","unstructured":"Larrabee\n TM, \n \n Liu\n SS, \n \n Torres-Gorena\n A, \n \n Soto-Rojas\n A, \n \n Eckert\n GJ, \n \n Stewart\n KT. \n \n The effects of varying alcohol concentrations commonly found in mouth rinses on the force decay of elastomeric chain. Angle Orthod. 2012 Sep;82((5)):894\u2013899."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"377","article-title":"Force degradation of orthodontic elastomeric chains\u2014a product comparison study","volume":"87","author":"De Genova\n DC,","year":"1985","unstructured":"De Genova\n DC, \n \n McInnes-Ledoux\n P, \n \n Weinberg\n R, \n \n Shaye\n R. \n \n Force degradation of orthodontic elastomeric chains\u2014a product comparison study. Am J Orthod. 1985;87:377\u2013384."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b05","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Carious lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment","volume":"61","author":"Ahmed\n I,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed\n I, \n \n Saif-ul-Haque, \n \n Nazir\n R. \n \n Carious lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;61:1176\u20131179."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b06","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"124","article-title":"Uso dos enxaguat\u00f3rios bucais sobre a gengivite e biofilme dental","volume":"6","author":"Marinho\n BS,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marinho\n BS, \n \n Ara\u00fajo\n ACS. \n \n Uso dos enxaguat\u00f3rios bucais sobre a gengivite e biofilme dental. Int J Dent. 2007;6:124\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b07","series-title":"J Clin Dent","first-page":"118","article-title":"Placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating a 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip","volume":"15","author":"Gerlach\n RW,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gerlach\n RW, \n \n Sagel\n PA, \n \n Barker\n ML, \n \n Karpinia\n KA, \n \n Magnusson\n I. \n \n Placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating a 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip. J Clin Dent. 2004;15:118\u2013122."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"709","article-title":"The influence of pH levels on mechanical and biological properties of nonlatex and latex elastics","volume":"82","author":"Lacerda Dos Santos\n R,","year":"2012 Jul","unstructured":"Lacerda Dos Santos\n R, \n \n Pithon\n MM, \n \n Romanos\n MT. \n \n The influence of pH levels on mechanical and biological properties of nonlatex and latex elastics. Angle Orthod. 2012 Jul;82((4)):709\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1070","article-title":"The effect of pH levels on nonlatex vs latex interarch elastics","volume":"81","author":"Sauget\n PS,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sauget\n PS, \n \n Stewart\n KT, \n \n Katona\n TR. \n \n The effect of pH levels on nonlatex vs latex interarch elastics. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:1070\u20131074."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"The effects of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the degradation of the elastic properties of orthodontic chains","volume":"62","author":"von Fraunhofer\n JA,","year":"1992","unstructured":"von Fraunhofer\n JA, \n \n Coffelt\n MT, \n \n Orbell\n GM. \n \n The effects of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the degradation of the elastic properties of orthodontic chains. Angle Orthod. 1992;62:265\u2013274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b11","series-title":"Tex Dent J","first-page":"244","article-title":"The effect of temperature on latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics","volume":"125","author":"Paige\n SZ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paige\n SZ, \n \n Tran\n AM, \n \n English\n JD, \n \n Powers\n JM. \n \n The effect of temperature on latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics. Tex Dent J. 2008;125:244\u2013249."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"289","article-title":"The influence of simulated aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains without an intermodular link","volume":"73","author":"Dittmer\n MP,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dittmer\n MP, \n \n Demling\n AP, \n \n Borchers\n L, \n \n Stiesch\n M, \n \n Kohorst\n P, \n \n Schwestka-Polly\n R. \n \n The influence of simulated aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains without an intermodular link. J Orofac Orthop. 2012;73:289\u2013297."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b13","series-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract","first-page":"17","article-title":"The environmental influence of Light Coke, phosphoric acid, and citric acid on elastomeric chains","volume":"9","author":"Teixeira\n L,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teixeira\n L, \n \n Pereira Bdo\n R, \n \n Bortoly\n TG, \n \n Brancher\n JA, \n \n Tanaka\n OM, \n \n Guariza-Filho\n O. \n \n The environmental influence of Light Coke, phosphoric acid, and citric acid on elastomeric chains. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008;9:17\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b14","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"533","article-title":"Effects of combined use of light irradiation and 35% hydrogen peroxide for dental bleaching on human enamel mineral content","volume":"28","author":"Berger\n SB,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berger\n SB, \n \n Cavalli\n V, \n \n Martin\n AA. \n \n . Effects of combined use of light irradiation and 35% hydrogen peroxide for dental bleaching on human enamel mineral content. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010;28:533\u2013538."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"315","article-title":"Viscoelastic properties of elastomeric chains: an investigation of pigment and manufacturing effects","volume":"141","author":"Stroede\n CL,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stroede\n CL, \n \n Sadek\n H, \n \n Navalgund\n A. \n \n . Viscoelastic properties of elastomeric chains: an investigation of pigment and manufacturing effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:315\u2013326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"169","article-title":"The effect of environmental factors on elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs","volume":"20","author":"Nattrass\n C,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nattrass\n C, \n \n Ireland\n AJ, \n \n Sherriff\n M. \n \n The effect of environmental factors on elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20:169\u2013176."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"A comparison of dynamic and static testing of latex and nonlatex orthodontic elastics","volume":"73","author":"Kersey\n ML,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kersey\n ML, \n \n Glover\n KE, \n \n Heo\n G, \n \n Raboud\n D, \n \n Major\n PW. \n \n A comparison of dynamic and static testing of latex and nonlatex orthodontic elastics. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:181\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b18","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"Force decay of elastomeric chains\u2014a mechanical design and product comparison study","volume":"38","author":"Balhoff\n DA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balhoff\n DA, \n \n Shuldberg\n M, \n \n Hagan\n JL, \n \n Ballard\n RW, \n \n Armbruster\n PC. \n \n Force decay of elastomeric chains\u2014a mechanical design and product comparison study. J Orthod. 2011;38:40\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b01","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"685","article-title":"Relaxation of orthodontic elastomeric chains and modules in vitro and in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Ash\n JL,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ash\n JL, \n \n Nikolai\n RJ. \n \n Relaxation of orthodontic elastomeric chains and modules in vitro and in vivo. J Dent Res. 1978;57:685\u2013690."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"536","article-title":"Synthetic elastomeric chains: a literature review","volume":"105","author":"Baty\n DL,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baty\n DL, \n \n Storie\n DJ, \n \n von Fraunhofer\n JA. \n \n Synthetic elastomeric chains: a literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:536\u2013542."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"894","article-title":"The effects of varying alcohol concentrations commonly found in mouth rinses on the force decay of elastomeric chain","volume":"82","author":"Larrabee\n TM,","year":"2012 Sep","unstructured":"Larrabee\n TM, \n \n Liu\n SS, \n \n Torres-Gorena\n A, \n \n Soto-Rojas\n A, \n \n Eckert\n GJ, \n \n Stewart\n KT. \n \n The effects of varying alcohol concentrations commonly found in mouth rinses on the force decay of elastomeric chain. Angle Orthod. 2012 Sep;82((5)):894\u2013899."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"377","article-title":"Force degradation of orthodontic elastomeric chains\u2014a product comparison study","volume":"87","author":"De Genova\n DC,","year":"1985","unstructured":"De Genova\n DC, \n \n McInnes-Ledoux\n P, \n \n Weinberg\n R, \n \n Shaye\n R. \n \n Force degradation of orthodontic elastomeric chains\u2014a product comparison study. Am J Orthod. 1985;87:377\u2013384."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b05","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Carious lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment","volume":"61","author":"Ahmed\n I,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed\n I, \n \n Saif-ul-Haque, \n \n Nazir\n R. \n \n Carious lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;61:1176\u20131179."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b06","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"124","article-title":"Uso dos enxaguat\u00f3rios bucais sobre a gengivite e biofilme dental","volume":"6","author":"Marinho\n BS,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marinho\n BS, \n \n Ara\u00fajo\n ACS. \n \n Uso dos enxaguat\u00f3rios bucais sobre a gengivite e biofilme dental. Int J Dent. 2007;6:124\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b07","series-title":"J Clin Dent","first-page":"118","article-title":"Placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating a 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip","volume":"15","author":"Gerlach\n RW,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gerlach\n RW, \n \n Sagel\n PA, \n \n Barker\n ML, \n \n Karpinia\n KA, \n \n Magnusson\n I. \n \n Placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating a 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip. J Clin Dent. 2004;15:118\u2013122."},{"issue":"4","key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"709","article-title":"The influence of pH levels on mechanical and biological properties of nonlatex and latex elastics","volume":"82","author":"Lacerda Dos Santos\n R,","year":"2012 Jul","unstructured":"Lacerda Dos Santos\n R, \n \n Pithon\n MM, \n \n Romanos\n MT. \n \n The influence of pH levels on mechanical and biological properties of nonlatex and latex elastics. Angle Orthod. 2012 Jul;82((4)):709\u2013714."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1070","article-title":"The effect of pH levels on nonlatex vs latex interarch elastics","volume":"81","author":"Sauget\n PS,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sauget\n PS, \n \n Stewart\n KT, \n \n Katona\n TR. \n \n The effect of pH levels on nonlatex vs latex interarch elastics. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:1070\u20131074."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"The effects of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the degradation of the elastic properties of orthodontic chains","volume":"62","author":"von Fraunhofer\n JA,","year":"1992","unstructured":"von Fraunhofer\n JA, \n \n Coffelt\n MT, \n \n Orbell\n GM. \n \n The effects of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the degradation of the elastic properties of orthodontic chains. Angle Orthod. 1992;62:265\u2013274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b11","series-title":"Tex Dent J","first-page":"244","article-title":"The effect of temperature on latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics","volume":"125","author":"Paige\n SZ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paige\n SZ, \n \n Tran\n AM, \n \n English\n JD, \n \n Powers\n JM. \n \n The effect of temperature on latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics. Tex Dent J. 2008;125:244\u2013249."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"289","article-title":"The influence of simulated aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains without an intermodular link","volume":"73","author":"Dittmer\n MP,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dittmer\n MP, \n \n Demling\n AP, \n \n Borchers\n L, \n \n Stiesch\n M, \n \n Kohorst\n P, \n \n Schwestka-Polly\n R. \n \n The influence of simulated aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains without an intermodular link. J Orofac Orthop. 2012;73:289\u2013297."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b13","series-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract","first-page":"17","article-title":"The environmental influence of Light Coke, phosphoric acid, and citric acid on elastomeric chains","volume":"9","author":"Teixeira\n L,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teixeira\n L, \n \n Pereira Bdo\n R, \n \n Bortoly\n TG, \n \n Brancher\n JA, \n \n Tanaka\n OM, \n \n Guariza-Filho\n O. \n \n The environmental influence of Light Coke, phosphoric acid, and citric acid on elastomeric chains. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008;9:17\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b14","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"533","article-title":"Effects of combined use of light irradiation and 35% hydrogen peroxide for dental bleaching on human enamel mineral content","volume":"28","author":"Berger\n SB,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berger\n SB, \n \n Cavalli\n V, \n \n Martin\n AA. \n \n . Effects of combined use of light irradiation and 35% hydrogen peroxide for dental bleaching on human enamel mineral content. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010;28:533\u2013538."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"315","article-title":"Viscoelastic properties of elastomeric chains: an investigation of pigment and manufacturing effects","volume":"141","author":"Stroede\n CL,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stroede\n CL, \n \n Sadek\n H, \n \n Navalgund\n A. \n \n . Viscoelastic properties of elastomeric chains: an investigation of pigment and manufacturing effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:315\u2013326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"169","article-title":"The effect of environmental factors on elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs","volume":"20","author":"Nattrass\n C,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nattrass\n C, \n \n Ireland\n AJ, \n \n Sherriff\n M. \n \n The effect of environmental factors on elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20:169\u2013176."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"A comparison of dynamic and static testing of latex and nonlatex orthodontic elastics","volume":"73","author":"Kersey\n ML,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kersey\n ML, \n \n Glover\n KE, \n \n Heo\n G, \n \n Raboud\n D, \n \n Major\n PW. \n \n A comparison of dynamic and static testing of latex and nonlatex orthodontic elastics. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:181\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-4-712-b18","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"Force decay of elastomeric chains\u2014a mechanical design and product comparison study","volume":"38","author":"Balhoff\n DA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balhoff\n DA, \n \n Shuldberg\n M, \n \n Hagan\n JL, \n \n Ballard\n RW, \n \n Armbruster\n PC. \n \n Force decay of elastomeric chains\u2014a mechanical design and product comparison study. J Orthod. 2011;38:40\u201347."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p712.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/83\/4\/712\/1394279\/081012-646_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p712.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p712.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:10:57Z","timestamp":1780071057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/4\/article-p712.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/081012-646.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}}}