{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:50:00Z","timestamp":1788900600019,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the dentoskeletal effects of rapid (RME) and slow (SME) maxillary expansion in patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a secondary analysis of a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty-six patients (34 male, 12 female) with BCLP and posterior crossbite (mean age of 9.2 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. Group RME comprised subjects treated with Haas\/Hyrax expander. Group SME included patients treated with quad-helix appliance. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before expansion (T1) and after appliance removal at the end of a 6-month retention period (T2) for a previous RCT that compared the transverse skeletal effects of RME and SME. CBCT-derived cephalometric images were generated and cephalometric analysis was performed using Dolphin Imaging Software (Chatsworth, Calif). Intergroup comparisons were performed using\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline forms were similar between groups. No significant differences between RME and SME groups were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid and slow maxillary expansion produced similar sagittal and vertical changes in patients with BCLP. Both Haas\/Hyrax and quad-helix appliances can be used in patients with vertical facial pattern. Clinical relevance: RME and SME can be equally indicated in the treatment of maxillary arch constriction in patients with BCLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/081018-589.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T11:05:20Z","timestamp":1549883120000},"page":"583-589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cephalometric evaluation of rapid and slow maxillary expansion in patients with BCLP: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Dentofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur C\u00e9sar","family":"de Medeiros Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araci Malagodi","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Dentofacial Anomalies, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Naveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Garib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Dentofacial Anomalies. University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b01","series-title":"J Appl Oral Sci","first-page":"268","article-title":"Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies-USP (HRAC-USP)\u2013part 2: pediatric dentistry and orthodontics","volume":"20","author":"Freitas \n              JA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freitas \n              JA, \n            \n            \n              Garib \n              DG, \n            \n            \n              Oliveira \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies-USP (HRAC-USP)\u2013part 2: pediatric dentistry and orthodontics. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20:268\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b02","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by the Oslo CLP Team","volume":"28","author":"Semb \n              G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Semb \n              G. \n            \n          \n          A study of facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by the Oslo CLP Team. 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A study on dental casts between 0 and 4 years of age","volume":"26","author":"Heidbuchel \n              KL,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Heidbuchel \n              KL, \n            \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Van't Hof \n              MA, \n            \n            \n              Kramer \n              GJ, \n            \n            \n              Prahl-Andersen \n              B. \n            \n          \n          Effects of early treatment on maxillary arch development in BCLP. A study on dental casts between 0 and 4 years of age. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1998;26:140\u2013147."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"481","article-title":"Dentofacial relationships in persons with unoperated clefts: comparisons between three cleft types","volume":"87","author":"Bishara \n              SE,","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bishara \n              SE, \n            \n            \n              de Arrendondo \n              RS, \n            \n            \n              Vales \n              HP, \n            \n            \n              Jakobsen \n              JR. \n            \n          \n          Dentofacial relationships in persons with unoperated clefts: comparisons between three cleft types. 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Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1987;21:45\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b12","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"332","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion after secondary alveolar bone graft in a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"41","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cavassan Ade O, de Albuquerque MD, Filho LC. Rapid maxillary expansion after secondary alveolar bone graft in a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2004;41:332\u2013339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b13","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"e440","article-title":"Reverse quad helix appliance: differential anterior maxillary expansion of the cleft area before bone grafting","volume":"23","author":"Aizenbud \n              D,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aizenbud \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Ciceu \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Rachmiel \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Hazan-Molina \n              H. \n            \n          \n          Reverse quad helix appliance: differential anterior maxillary expansion of the cleft area before bone grafting. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23:e440\u2013443."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b14","series-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi","first-page":"393","article-title":"[Semi-attached quad-helix appliance can expand the maxillary arches in patients with cleft lip and palate before alveolar bone grafting]","volume":"30","author":"Huang \n              L,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Huang \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Deng \n              X, \n            \n            \n              Chen \n              X. \n            \n          \n          [Semi-attached quad-helix appliance can expand the maxillary arches in patients with cleft lip and palate before alveolar bone grafting]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012;30:393\u2013395, 398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b15","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"120","article-title":"The reverse quad helix expander: easy access for bone graft manipulation in the cleft maxilla","volume":"35","author":"Aizenbud \n              D,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aizenbud \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Hazan-Molina \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Peled \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Rachmiel \n              A. \n            \n          \n          The reverse quad helix expander: easy access for bone graft manipulation in the cleft maxilla. 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J Istanb Univ Fac Dent. 2017;51:1\u201310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-583-b33","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"385","article-title":"Cephalometric and dental arch changes to Haas-type rapid maxillary expander anchored to deciduous vs permanent molars: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Cerruto \n              C,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cerruto \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Ugolini \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Di Vece \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Doldo \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Caprioglio \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Silvestrini-Biavati \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Cephalometric and dental arch changes to Haas-type rapid maxillary expander anchored to deciduous vs permanent molars: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. 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