{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:53Z","timestamp":1780067153033,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare skeletodental changes between early and late treatment groups using modified C-palatal plates (MCPP) and long-term retention outcomes in hyperdivergent Class II adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Seventy-one hyperdivergent Class II patients were divided into four groups according to treatment modality and treatment timing: group 1, early treatment with MCPP (n = 16; 9.9 \u00b1 0.9 years); group 2, late treatment with MCPP (n = 19; 12.3 \u00b1 0.8 years); group 3, early treatment with headgear (HG; n = 18; 9.6 \u00b1 0.8 years); and group 4, late treatment with HG (n = 18; 12.1 \u00b1 1.2 years). Lateral cephalograms were taken and skeletal and dental variables were measured. For statistical analysis, paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests, independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests, and multiple regression were performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The early MCPP group showed a more significant decrease in mandibular plane angle than the late MCPP group did, and vertical control was more efficient in the early group than in the late group. In the MCPP groups, both FMA and SN-GoGn were increased with late treatment but decreased with early treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01). The early-treatment MCPP group had a significant decrease in SN-GoGn of 0.6\u00b0 compared with an increase of 1.7\u00b0 in the early treatment HG group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01). Posttreatment stability of both the early and late MCPP groups was maintained in long-term retention.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Early MCPP showed more significant vertical control than late MCPP. However, there was no difference in long-term stability between early and late groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/081123-556.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T19:04:49Z","timestamp":1705345489000},"page":"303-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-term skeletodental changes with early and late treatment using modified C-palatal plates in hyperdivergent Class II adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jaehyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam-Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Ah","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong Ook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex Hung Kuo","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"51","article-title":"Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"113","author":"Ghafari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghafari\n J,\n \n \n Shofer\n FS,\n \n \n Jacobsson-Hunt\n U,\n \n \n Markowitz\n DL,\n \n \n Laster\n LL.\n \n \n Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n113:51\u201361."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"481","article-title":"Timing of Class II treatment: skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment","volume":"132","author":"Dolce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dolce\n C,\n \n \n McGorray\n SP,\n \n \n Brazeau\n L,\n \n \n King\n GJ,\n \n \n Wheeler\n TT.\n \n \n Timing of Class II treatment: skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2007;\n132:481\u2013489."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"250","article-title":"Functional appliances: a review","volume":"95","author":"Bishara","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bishara\n SE,\n \n \n Ziaja\n RR.\n \n \n Functional appliances: a review.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1989;\n95:250\u2013258."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b04","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"21.e1\u20137","article-title":"Class II malocclusion treatment using high-pull headgear with a splint: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Jacob","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jacob\n HB,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Santos-Pinto\n AD.\n \n \n Class II malocclusion treatment using high-pull headgear with a splint: a systematic review.\nDental Press J Orthod.\n2013;\n18:21.e1\u20137."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"238","article-title":"Midpalatal miniscrews and high-pull headgear for anteroposterior and vertical anchorage control: cephalometric comparisons of treatment changes","volume":"144","author":"Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee\n J,\n \n \n Miyazawa\n K,\n \n \n Tabuchi\n M,\n \n \n Kawaguchi\n M,\n \n \n Shibata\n M,\n \n \n Goto\n S.\n \n \n Midpalatal miniscrews and high-pull headgear for anteroposterior and vertical anchorage control: cephalometric comparisons of treatment changes.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n144:238\u2013250."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"530","article-title":"Long-term skeletal effects of high-pull headgear followed by fixed appliances for the treatment of Class II malocclusions","volume":"88","author":"Bilbo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilbo\n EE,\n \n \n Marshall\n SD,\n \n \n Southard\n KA,\n \n et al.\n\n Long-term skeletal effects of high-pull headgear followed by fixed appliances for the treatment of Class II malocclusions.\nAngle Orthod.\n2018;\n88:530\u2013537."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b07","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"86","article-title":"Treating Class II malocclusion in children. Vertical skeletal effects of high-pull or low-pull headgear during comprehensive orthodontic treatment and retention","volume":"18","author":"Antonarakis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antonarakis\n GS,\n \n \n Kiliaridis\n S.\n \n \n Treating Class II malocclusion in children. Vertical skeletal effects of high-pull or low-pull headgear during comprehensive orthodontic treatment and retention.\nOrthod Craniofac Res.\n2015;\n18:86\u201395."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"396.e1\u2013396","article-title":"Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"138","author":"Baek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek\n MS,\n \n \n Choi\n YJ,\n \n \n Yu\n HS,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ,\n \n \n Kwak\n J,\n \n \n Park\n YC.\n \n \n Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n138:396.e1\u2013396.e9."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"78","article-title":"Evaluation of long-term stability of skeletal anterior open bite correction in adults treated with maxillary posterior segment intrusion using zygomatic miniplates","volume":"150","author":"Marzouk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marzouk\n ES,\n \n \n Kassem\n HE.\n \n \n Evaluation of long-term stability of skeletal anterior open bite correction in adults treated with maxillary posterior segment intrusion using zygomatic miniplates.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2016;\n150:78\u201388."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"621","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth by miniscrews in the treatment of open bite","volume":"161","author":"Akbaydogan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akbaydogan\n LC,\n \n \n Akin\n M.\n \n \n Cephalometric evaluation of intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth by miniscrews in the treatment of open bite.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n161:621\u2013627."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b11","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"754","article-title":"Orthopedic correction of growing hyperdivergent, retrognathic patients with miniscrew implants","volume":"69","author":"Buschang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Carrillo\n R,\n \n \n Rossouw\n PE.\n \n \n Orthopedic correction of growing hyperdivergent, retrognathic patients with miniscrew implants.\nJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n2011;\n69:754\u2013762."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"719","article-title":"A modified palatal anchorage plate for simple and efficient distalization","volume":"44","author":"Kook","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Kim\n SH,\n \n \n Chung\n KR.\n \n \n A modified palatal anchorage plate for simple and efficient distalization.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2010;\n44:719\u2013730."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"657","article-title":"Skeletal and dental effects of molar distalization using a modified palatal anchorage plate in adolescents","volume":"85","author":"Sa\u2019aed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sa\u2019aed\n NL,\n \n \n Park\n CO,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Kook\n YA.\n \n \n Skeletal and dental effects of molar distalization using a modified palatal anchorage plate in adolescents.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:657\u2013664."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b14","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"375","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effects between the modified C-palatal plate and cervical pull headgear for total arch distalization in adults","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park\n CO,\n \n \n Sa\u2019aed\n NL,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n et al.\n\n Comparison of treatment effects between the modified C-palatal plate and cervical pull headgear for total arch distalization in adults.\nKorean J Orthod.\n2017;\n47:375\u2013383."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b15","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD003452","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Batista","year":"2018","unstructured":"Batista\n KB,\n \n \n Thiruvenkatachari\n B,\n \n \n Harrison\n JE,\n \n \n O\u2019Brien\n KD.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents.\nCochrane Database Syst Rev.\n2018;\n3:CD003452."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"657","article-title":"Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class II treatment","volume":"125","author":"Tulloch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tulloch\n JF,\n \n \n Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Phillips\n C.\n \n \n Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class II treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2004;\n125:657\u2013667."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"40","article-title":"Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear","volume":"113","author":"Keeling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Keeling\n SD,\n \n \n Wheeler\n TT,\n \n \n King\n GJ,\n \n et al.\n\n Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n113:40\u201350."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0141198","article-title":"Treatment effects of removable functional appliances in pre-pubertal and pubertal Class II patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies","volume":"10","author":"Perinetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perinetti\n G,\n \n \n Primozic\n J,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Contardo\n L.\n \n \n Treatment effects of removable functional appliances in pre-pubertal and pubertal Class II patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies.\nPLoS One.\n2015;\n10:e0141198."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"234","article-title":"Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: dental and skeletal effects","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien\n K,\n \n \n Wright\n J,\n \n \n Conboy\n F,\n \n et al.\n\n Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: dental and skeletal effects.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2003;\n124:234\u2013243."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"375","article-title":"Outcomes of early versus late treatment of severe Class II high-angle patients","volume":"156","author":"Cha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cha\n JY,\n \n \n Kennedy\n DB,\n \n \n Turley\n PK,\n \n et al.\n\n Outcomes of early versus late treatment of severe Class II high-angle patients.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2019;\n156:375\u2013382."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"22","article-title":"Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents","volume":"91","author":"Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung\n CY,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Ku\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n NK,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Kook\n YA.\n \n \n Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:22\u201329."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b22","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"1018793","article-title":"Influence of vertical facial growth pattern on herbst appliance effects in prepubertal patients: a retrospective controlled study","volume":"2020","author":"Giuca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giuca\n MR,\n \n \n Pasini\n M,\n \n \n Drago\n S,\n \n et al.\n\n Influence of vertical facial growth pattern on herbst appliance effects in prepubertal patients: a retrospective controlled study.\nInt J Dent.\n2020;\n2020:1018793."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"Treatment changes of hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II Herbst patients","volume":"88","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rogers\n K,\n \n \n Campbell\n PM,\n \n \n Tadlock\n L,\n \n \n Schneiderman\n E,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Treatment changes of hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II Herbst patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2018;\n88:3\u20139."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti\n T,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr\n \n . An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n2002;\n72:316\u2013323."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b25","series-title":"J Clin Exp Dent","first-page":"e642","article-title":"Cervical vertebral maturation and its relationship to circum-pubertal phases of the dentition in a cohort of Portuguese individuals","volume":"11","author":"Fernandes-Retto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandes-Retto\n P,\n \n \n Matos\n D,\n \n \n Ferreira\n M,\n \n \n Bugaighis\n I,\n \n \n Delgado\n A.\n \n \n Cervical vertebral maturation and its relationship to circum-pubertal phases of the dentition in a cohort of Portuguese individuals.\nJ Clin Exp Dent.\n2019;\n11:e642\u2013e649."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b26","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"241","article-title":"Design improvements in the modified C-palatal plate for molar distalization","volume":"47","author":"Kook","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Lee\n DH,\n \n \n Kim\n SH,\n \n \n Chung\n KR.\n \n \n Design improvements in the modified C-palatal plate for molar distalization.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2013;\n47:241\u2013248."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b27","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"624","article-title":"Short epithetic implants for orthodontic anchorage in the paramedian region of the palate: a clinical study","volume":"12","author":"Bernhart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernhart\n T,\n \n \n Freudenthaler\n J,\n \n \n D\u00f6rtbudak\n O,\n \n \n Bantleon\n HP,\n \n \n Watzek\n G.\n \n \n Short epithetic implants for orthodontic anchorage in the paramedian region of the palate: a clinical study.\nClin Oral Implants Res.\n2001;\n12:624\u2013631."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"317","article-title":"Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype","volume":"118","author":"Sankey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sankey\n WL,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n English\n J,\n \n \n Owen\n AH\n III\n \n . Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2000;\n118:317\u2013327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"941","article-title":"Dentoskeletal changes following mini-implant molar intrusion in anterior open bite patients","volume":"85","author":"Hart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hart\n TR,\n \n \n Cousley\n RRJ,\n \n \n Fishman\n LS,\n \n \n Tallents\n RH.\n \n \n Dentoskeletal changes following mini-implant molar intrusion in anterior open bite patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:941\u2013948."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b30","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"673","article-title":"Longitudinal eruptive and posteruptive tooth movements, studied on oblique and lateral cephalograms with implants","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang\n X,\n \n \n Baumrind\n S,\n \n \n Chen\n G,\n \n \n Chen\n H,\n \n \n Liang\n Y,\n \n \n Xu\n T.\n \n \n Longitudinal eruptive and posteruptive tooth movements, studied on oblique and lateral cephalograms with implants.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153:673\u2013684."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b31","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"321","article-title":"Guidelines for assessing the growth and development of orthodontic patients","volume":"23","author":"Buschang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Roldan\n SI,\n \n \n Tadlock\n LP.\n \n \n Guidelines for assessing the growth and development of orthodontic patients.\nSemin Orthod.\n2017;\n23:321\u2013335."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b32","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"e13","article-title":"Vertical control in Class II hyperdivergent growing patients using miniscrew implants: a pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Buschang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Jacob\n HB,\n \n \n Chaffee\n MP.\n \n \n Vertical control in Class II hyperdivergent growing patients using miniscrew implants: a pilot study.\nJ World Fed Orthod.\n2012;\n1:e13\u201318."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b33","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"381","article-title":"The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"74","author":"Erverdi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Erverdi\n N,\n \n \n Keles\n A,\n \n \n Nanda\n R.\n \n \n The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation.\nAngle Orthod.\n2004;\n74:381\u2013390."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b34","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"552","article-title":"Do orthopedic corrections of growing retrognathic hyperdivergent patients produce stable results","volume":"89","author":"Rice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rice\n AJ,\n \n \n Carrillo\n R,\n \n \n Campbell\n PM,\n \n \n Taylor\n RW,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Do orthopedic corrections of growing retrognathic hyperdivergent patients produce stable results? Angle Orthod.\n2019;\n89:552\u2013558."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b35","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"286","article-title":"Constancy of the angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the sella-nasion line: a nine-year longitudinal study","volume":"84","author":"Huh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huh\n YJ,\n \n \n Huh\n KH,\n \n \n Kim\n HK,\n \n et al.\n\n Constancy of the angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the sella-nasion line: a nine-year longitudinal study.\nAngle Orthod.\n2014;\n84:286\u2013291."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"51","article-title":"Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"113","author":"Ghafari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghafari\n J,\n \n \n Shofer\n FS,\n \n \n Jacobsson-Hunt\n U,\n \n \n Markowitz\n DL,\n \n \n Laster\n LL.\n \n \n Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n113:51\u201361."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"481","article-title":"Timing of Class II treatment: skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment","volume":"132","author":"Dolce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dolce\n C,\n \n \n McGorray\n SP,\n \n \n Brazeau\n L,\n \n \n King\n GJ,\n \n \n Wheeler\n TT.\n \n \n Timing of Class II treatment: skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2007;\n132:481\u2013489."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"250","article-title":"Functional appliances: a review","volume":"95","author":"Bishara","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bishara\n SE,\n \n \n Ziaja\n RR.\n \n \n Functional appliances: a review.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1989;\n95:250\u2013258."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b04","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"21.e1\u20137","article-title":"Class II malocclusion treatment using high-pull headgear with a splint: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Jacob","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jacob\n HB,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Santos-Pinto\n AD.\n \n \n Class II malocclusion treatment using high-pull headgear with a splint: a systematic review.\nDental Press J Orthod.\n2013;\n18:21.e1\u20137."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"238","article-title":"Midpalatal miniscrews and high-pull headgear for anteroposterior and vertical anchorage control: cephalometric comparisons of treatment changes","volume":"144","author":"Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee\n J,\n \n \n Miyazawa\n K,\n \n \n Tabuchi\n M,\n \n \n Kawaguchi\n M,\n \n \n Shibata\n M,\n \n \n Goto\n S.\n \n \n Midpalatal miniscrews and high-pull headgear for anteroposterior and vertical anchorage control: cephalometric comparisons of treatment changes.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2013;\n144:238\u2013250."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"530","article-title":"Long-term skeletal effects of high-pull headgear followed by fixed appliances for the treatment of Class II malocclusions","volume":"88","author":"Bilbo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilbo\n EE,\n \n \n Marshall\n SD,\n \n \n Southard\n KA,\n \n et al.\n\n Long-term skeletal effects of high-pull headgear followed by fixed appliances for the treatment of Class II malocclusions.\nAngle Orthod.\n2018;\n88:530\u2013537."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b07","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"86","article-title":"Treating Class II malocclusion in children. Vertical skeletal effects of high-pull or low-pull headgear during comprehensive orthodontic treatment and retention","volume":"18","author":"Antonarakis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antonarakis\n GS,\n \n \n Kiliaridis\n S.\n \n \n Treating Class II malocclusion in children. Vertical skeletal effects of high-pull or low-pull headgear during comprehensive orthodontic treatment and retention.\nOrthod Craniofac Res.\n2015;\n18:86\u201395."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"396.e1\u2013396","article-title":"Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth","volume":"138","author":"Baek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek\n MS,\n \n \n Choi\n YJ,\n \n \n Yu\n HS,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ,\n \n \n Kwak\n J,\n \n \n Park\n YC.\n \n \n Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2010;\n138:396.e1\u2013396.e9."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"78","article-title":"Evaluation of long-term stability of skeletal anterior open bite correction in adults treated with maxillary posterior segment intrusion using zygomatic miniplates","volume":"150","author":"Marzouk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marzouk\n ES,\n \n \n Kassem\n HE.\n \n \n Evaluation of long-term stability of skeletal anterior open bite correction in adults treated with maxillary posterior segment intrusion using zygomatic miniplates.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2016;\n150:78\u201388."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"621","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth by miniscrews in the treatment of open bite","volume":"161","author":"Akbaydogan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akbaydogan\n LC,\n \n \n Akin\n M.\n \n \n Cephalometric evaluation of intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth by miniscrews in the treatment of open bite.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2022;\n161:621\u2013627."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b11","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"754","article-title":"Orthopedic correction of growing hyperdivergent, retrognathic patients with miniscrew implants","volume":"69","author":"Buschang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Carrillo\n R,\n \n \n Rossouw\n PE.\n \n \n Orthopedic correction of growing hyperdivergent, retrognathic patients with miniscrew implants.\nJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n2011;\n69:754\u2013762."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b12","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"719","article-title":"A modified palatal anchorage plate for simple and efficient distalization","volume":"44","author":"Kook","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Kim\n SH,\n \n \n Chung\n KR.\n \n \n A modified palatal anchorage plate for simple and efficient distalization.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2010;\n44:719\u2013730."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"657","article-title":"Skeletal and dental effects of molar distalization using a modified palatal anchorage plate in adolescents","volume":"85","author":"Sa\u2019aed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sa\u2019aed\n NL,\n \n \n Park\n CO,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Kook\n YA.\n \n \n Skeletal and dental effects of molar distalization using a modified palatal anchorage plate in adolescents.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:657\u2013664."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b14","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"375","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effects between the modified C-palatal plate and cervical pull headgear for total arch distalization in adults","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park\n CO,\n \n \n Sa\u2019aed\n NL,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n et al.\n\n Comparison of treatment effects between the modified C-palatal plate and cervical pull headgear for total arch distalization in adults.\nKorean J Orthod.\n2017;\n47:375\u2013383."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b15","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD003452","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Batista","year":"2018","unstructured":"Batista\n KB,\n \n \n Thiruvenkatachari\n B,\n \n \n Harrison\n JE,\n \n \n O\u2019Brien\n KD.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents.\nCochrane Database Syst Rev.\n2018;\n3:CD003452."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"657","article-title":"Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class II treatment","volume":"125","author":"Tulloch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tulloch\n JF,\n \n \n Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Phillips\n C.\n \n \n Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class II treatment.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2004;\n125:657\u2013667."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"40","article-title":"Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear","volume":"113","author":"Keeling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Keeling\n SD,\n \n \n Wheeler\n TT,\n \n \n King\n GJ,\n \n et al.\n\n Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n113:40\u201350."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0141198","article-title":"Treatment effects of removable functional appliances in pre-pubertal and pubertal Class II patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies","volume":"10","author":"Perinetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perinetti\n G,\n \n \n Primozic\n J,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Contardo\n L.\n \n \n Treatment effects of removable functional appliances in pre-pubertal and pubertal Class II patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies.\nPLoS One.\n2015;\n10:e0141198."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"234","article-title":"Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: dental and skeletal effects","volume":"124","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien\n K,\n \n \n Wright\n J,\n \n \n Conboy\n F,\n \n et al.\n\n Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: dental and skeletal effects.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2003;\n124:234\u2013243."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"375","article-title":"Outcomes of early versus late treatment of severe Class II high-angle patients","volume":"156","author":"Cha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cha\n JY,\n \n \n Kennedy\n DB,\n \n \n Turley\n PK,\n \n et al.\n\n Outcomes of early versus late treatment of severe Class II high-angle patients.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2019;\n156:375\u2013382."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"22","article-title":"Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents","volume":"91","author":"Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung\n CY,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Ku\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n NK,\n \n \n Kim\n Y,\n \n \n Kook\n YA.\n \n \n Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:22\u201329."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b22","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"1018793","article-title":"Influence of vertical facial growth pattern on herbst appliance effects in prepubertal patients: a retrospective controlled study","volume":"2020","author":"Giuca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giuca\n MR,\n \n \n Pasini\n M,\n \n \n Drago\n S,\n \n et al.\n\n Influence of vertical facial growth pattern on herbst appliance effects in prepubertal patients: a retrospective controlled study.\nInt J Dent.\n2020;\n2020:1018793."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"Treatment changes of hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II Herbst patients","volume":"88","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rogers\n K,\n \n \n Campbell\n PM,\n \n \n Tadlock\n L,\n \n \n Schneiderman\n E,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Treatment changes of hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II Herbst patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2018;\n88:3\u20139."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti\n T,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr\n \n . An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n2002;\n72:316\u2013323."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b25","series-title":"J Clin Exp Dent","first-page":"e642","article-title":"Cervical vertebral maturation and its relationship to circum-pubertal phases of the dentition in a cohort of Portuguese individuals","volume":"11","author":"Fernandes-Retto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandes-Retto\n P,\n \n \n Matos\n D,\n \n \n Ferreira\n M,\n \n \n Bugaighis\n I,\n \n \n Delgado\n A.\n \n \n Cervical vertebral maturation and its relationship to circum-pubertal phases of the dentition in a cohort of Portuguese individuals.\nJ Clin Exp Dent.\n2019;\n11:e642\u2013e649."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b26","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"241","article-title":"Design improvements in the modified C-palatal plate for molar distalization","volume":"47","author":"Kook","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Lee\n DH,\n \n \n Kim\n SH,\n \n \n Chung\n KR.\n \n \n Design improvements in the modified C-palatal plate for molar distalization.\nJ Clin Orthod.\n2013;\n47:241\u2013248."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b27","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"624","article-title":"Short epithetic implants for orthodontic anchorage in the paramedian region of the palate: a clinical study","volume":"12","author":"Bernhart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernhart\n T,\n \n \n Freudenthaler\n J,\n \n \n D\u00f6rtbudak\n O,\n \n \n Bantleon\n HP,\n \n \n Watzek\n G.\n \n \n Short epithetic implants for orthodontic anchorage in the paramedian region of the palate: a clinical study.\nClin Oral Implants Res.\n2001;\n12:624\u2013631."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"317","article-title":"Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype","volume":"118","author":"Sankey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sankey\n WL,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n English\n J,\n \n \n Owen\n AH\n III\n \n . Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2000;\n118:317\u2013327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"941","article-title":"Dentoskeletal changes following mini-implant molar intrusion in anterior open bite patients","volume":"85","author":"Hart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hart\n TR,\n \n \n Cousley\n RRJ,\n \n \n Fishman\n LS,\n \n \n Tallents\n RH.\n \n \n Dentoskeletal changes following mini-implant molar intrusion in anterior open bite patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:941\u2013948."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b30","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"673","article-title":"Longitudinal eruptive and posteruptive tooth movements, studied on oblique and lateral cephalograms with implants","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang\n X,\n \n \n Baumrind\n S,\n \n \n Chen\n G,\n \n \n Chen\n H,\n \n \n Liang\n Y,\n \n \n Xu\n T.\n \n \n Longitudinal eruptive and posteruptive tooth movements, studied on oblique and lateral cephalograms with implants.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2018;\n153:673\u2013684."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b31","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"321","article-title":"Guidelines for assessing the growth and development of orthodontic patients","volume":"23","author":"Buschang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Roldan\n SI,\n \n \n Tadlock\n LP.\n \n \n Guidelines for assessing the growth and development of orthodontic patients.\nSemin Orthod.\n2017;\n23:321\u2013335."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b32","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"e13","article-title":"Vertical control in Class II hyperdivergent growing patients using miniscrew implants: a pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Buschang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Jacob\n HB,\n \n \n Chaffee\n MP.\n \n \n Vertical control in Class II hyperdivergent growing patients using miniscrew implants: a pilot study.\nJ World Fed Orthod.\n2012;\n1:e13\u201318."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b33","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"381","article-title":"The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"74","author":"Erverdi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Erverdi\n N,\n \n \n Keles\n A,\n \n \n Nanda\n R.\n \n \n The use of skeletal anchorage in open bite treatment: a cephalometric evaluation.\nAngle Orthod.\n2004;\n74:381\u2013390."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b34","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"552","article-title":"Do orthopedic corrections of growing retrognathic hyperdivergent patients produce stable results","volume":"89","author":"Rice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rice\n AJ,\n \n \n Carrillo\n R,\n \n \n Campbell\n PM,\n \n \n Taylor\n RW,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Do orthopedic corrections of growing retrognathic hyperdivergent patients produce stable results? Angle Orthod.\n2019;\n89:552\u2013558."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-3-303-b35","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"286","article-title":"Constancy of the angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the sella-nasion line: a nine-year longitudinal study","volume":"84","author":"Huh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huh\n YJ,\n \n \n Huh\n KH,\n \n \n Kim\n HK,\n \n et al.\n\n Constancy of the angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the sella-nasion line: a nine-year longitudinal study.\nAngle Orthod.\n2014;\n84:286\u2013291."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p303.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/94\/3\/303\/3359348\/i1945-7103-94-3-303.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p303.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p303.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:20:46Z","timestamp":1780064446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/3\/article-p303.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/081123-556.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}}}