{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:07:21Z","timestamp":1780070841026,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) condylar and mandibular growth in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with unilateral temporomandibular joint involvement treated with a distraction splint.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken for 16 patients with JIA with unilateral TMJ involvement before treatment (T\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n ) and 2 years after treatment (T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ). All patients received orthopedic treatment with a distraction splint. Eleven patients without JIA who were undergoing orthodontic treatment without a functional appliance or Class II mechanics and who had taken CBCT scans before and after treatment, served as controls. Reconstructed 3D models of the mandibles at T\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n and T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n were superimposed on stable structures. Intra- and intergroup growth differences in condylar and mandibular ramus modifications and growth vector direction of the mandibular ramus were evaluated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n In all patients with JIA there were asymmetric condylar volume, distal and vertical condylar displacement, and ramus length differences that were smaller on the affected side. Condylar displacement was more distal and less vertical in the JIA group than in the control group. A larger distal growth of the condylar head and a more medial rotation of the ramus on the affected side were found in the JIA group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n The orthopedic functional treatment for patients with JIA allows for condylar adaptation and modeling, thereby hindering, although with a widely variable response, a further worsening of the asymmetry. Unilateral affection has a possible influence on the growth of the nonaffected side.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/081715-549.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T12:19:21Z","timestamp":1458649161000},"page":"846-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["3D evaluation of mandibular skeletal changes in juvenile arthritis patients treated with a distraction splint: A retrospective follow-up"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Maria Florinda Otero","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas da Informaci\u00f3n (CITIUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Klit","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, Aarhus University and Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Dalstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troels","family":"Herlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlalberta","family":"Verna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Visiting Professor, Section of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r1","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"1925","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology","volume":"34","author":"Billiau\n AD,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Billiau\n AD, \n \n Hu\n Y, \n \n Verdonck\n A, \n \n Carels\n C, \n \n Wouters\n C.\n \n \n Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:1925\u20131933."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r2","series-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent","first-page":"351","article-title":"Craniofacial growth in children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis involving the temporomandibular joint: functional therapy management","volume":"33","author":"Farronato\n G,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farronato\n G, \n \n Carletti\n V, \n \n Maspero\n C, \n \n Farronato\n D, \n \n Giannini\n L, \n \n Bellintani\n C.\n \n \n Craniofacial growth in children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis involving the temporomandibular joint: functional therapy management. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009;33:351\u2013357."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r3","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives","volume":"69","author":"Martini\n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martini\n A, \n \n Lovell\n DJ.\n \n \n Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69: 1260\u20131263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r4","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"546","article-title":"Long-term followup of temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Twilt\n M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Twilt\n M, \n \n Schulten\n AJ, \n \n Verschure\n F, \n \n Wisse\n L, \n \n Prahl-Andersen\n B, \n \n Suijlekom-Smit\n LW.\n \n \n Long-term followup of temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:546\u2013552."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r5","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"823","article-title":"Facioskeletal changes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Twilt\n M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Twilt\n M, \n \n Schulten\n AJ, \n \n Nicolaas\n P, \n \n Dulger\n A, \n \n van Suijlekom-Smit\n LW.\n \n \n Facioskeletal changes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:823\u2013825."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"67","article-title":"Craniofacial structure in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) compared with healthy children with ideal or postnormal occlusion","volume":"107","author":"Kjellberg\n H,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kjellberg\n H, \n \n Fasth\n A, \n \n Kiliaridis\n S, \n \n Wenneberg\n B, \n \n Thilander\n B.\n \n \n Craniofacial structure in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) compared with healthy children with ideal or postnormal occlusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;107:67\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r7","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"360","article-title":"Craniofacial growth in juvenile chronic arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Kjellberg\n H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kjellberg\n H.\n \n \n Craniofacial growth in juvenile chronic arthritis. Acta Odontol Scand. 1998;56:360\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"75","article-title":"Effect of methotrexate on the temporomandibular joint and facial morphology in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"118","author":"Ince\n DO,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ince\n DO, \n \n Ince\n A, \n \n Moore\n TL.\n \n \n Effect of methotrexate on the temporomandibular joint and facial morphology in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:75\u201383."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r9","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"153","article-title":"Average craniofacial development from 6 to 35 years of age in a mixed group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Fjeld\n MG,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fjeld\n MG, \n \n Arvidsson\n LZ, \n \n Stabrun\n AE, \n \n Birkeland\n K, \n \n Larheim\n TA, \n \n Ogaard\n B.\n \n \n Average craniofacial development from 6 to 35 years of age in a mixed group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009;67:153\u2013160."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"385","article-title":"Condylar condition and mandibular growth during early functional treatment of children with juvenile chronic arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Pedersen\n TK,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pedersen\n TK, \n \n Gronhoj\n J, \n \n Melsen\n B, \n \n Herlin\n T.\n \n \n Condylar condition and mandibular growth during early functional treatment of children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Eur J Orthod. 1995;17:385\u2013394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r11","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"134","article-title":"Functional and orthopedic treatment in developing dentofacial growth deviation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Pedersen\n TK,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pedersen\n TK, \n \n Verna\n C.\n \n \n Functional and orthopedic treatment in developing dentofacial growth deviation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Semin Orthod. 2015;21:134\u2013139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"27","article-title":"Comparison of relative mandibular growth vectors with high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging","volume":"128","author":"Cevidanes\n LH,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cevidanes\n LH, \n \n Franco\n AA, \n \n Gerig\n G, \n \n et al.\n Comparison of relative mandibular growth vectors with high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:27\u201334."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r13","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"669","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular growth and tooth eruption","volume":"207","author":"Krarup\n S,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krarup\n S, \n \n Darvann\n TA, \n \n Larsen\n P, \n \n Marsh\n JL, \n \n Kreiborg\n S.\n \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular growth and tooth eruption. J Anat. 2005;207:669\u2013682."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"545","article-title":"Condylar asymmetry in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis assessed by cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"30","author":"Huntjens\n E,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huntjens\n E, \n \n Kiss\n G, \n \n Wouters\n C, \n \n Carels\n C.\n \n \n Condylar asymmetry in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis assessed by cone-beam computed tomography. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:545\u2013551."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r15","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"390","article-title":"International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001","volume":"31","author":"Petty\n RE,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petty\n RE, \n \n Southwood\n TR, \n \n Manners\n P, \n \n et al.\n International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390\u2013392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r16","series-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol","first-page":"576","article-title":"Condylar lesions in relation to mandibular growth in untreated and intra-articular corticosteroid-treated experimental temporomandibular joint arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Stoustrup\n P,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stoustrup\n P, \n \n Kristensen\n KD, \n \n Kuseler\n A, \n \n et al.\n Condylar lesions in relation to mandibular growth in untreated and intra-articular corticosteroid-treated experimental temporomandibular joint arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28:576\u2013583."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"Mandibular skeletal growth and modelling between 10 and 15 years of age","volume":"24","author":"Buschang\n PH,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH, \n \n Gandini Junior\n LG.\n \n \n Mandibular skeletal growth and modelling between 10 and 15 years of age. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:69\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r18","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effects of polyarticular and pauciarticular onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis on facial and mandibular growth","volume":"23","author":"Mericle\n PM,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mericle\n PM, \n \n Wilson\n VK, \n \n Moore\n TL, \n \n et al.\n Effects of polyarticular and pauciarticular onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis on facial and mandibular growth. J Rheumatol. 1996;23:159\u2013165."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"515","article-title":"Adaptive condylar growth and mandibular remodelling changes with bionator therapy\u2014an implant study","volume":"26","author":"Araujo\n AM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Araujo\n AM, \n \n Buschang\n PH, \n \n Melo\n AC.\n \n \n Adaptive condylar growth and mandibular remodelling changes with bionator therapy\u2014an implant study. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26:515\u2013522."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r1","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"1925","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology","volume":"34","author":"Billiau\n AD,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Billiau\n AD, \n \n Hu\n Y, \n \n Verdonck\n A, \n \n Carels\n C, \n \n Wouters\n C.\n \n \n Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:1925\u20131933."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r2","series-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent","first-page":"351","article-title":"Craniofacial growth in children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis involving the temporomandibular joint: functional therapy management","volume":"33","author":"Farronato\n G,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farronato\n G, \n \n Carletti\n V, \n \n Maspero\n C, \n \n Farronato\n D, \n \n Giannini\n L, \n \n Bellintani\n C.\n \n \n Craniofacial growth in children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis involving the temporomandibular joint: functional therapy management. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009;33:351\u2013357."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r3","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives","volume":"69","author":"Martini\n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martini\n A, \n \n Lovell\n DJ.\n \n \n Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69: 1260\u20131263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r4","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"546","article-title":"Long-term followup of temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Twilt\n M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Twilt\n M, \n \n Schulten\n AJ, \n \n Verschure\n F, \n \n Wisse\n L, \n \n Prahl-Andersen\n B, \n \n Suijlekom-Smit\n LW.\n \n \n Long-term followup of temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:546\u2013552."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r5","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"823","article-title":"Facioskeletal changes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Twilt\n M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Twilt\n M, \n \n Schulten\n AJ, \n \n Nicolaas\n P, \n \n Dulger\n A, \n \n van Suijlekom-Smit\n LW.\n \n \n Facioskeletal changes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:823\u2013825."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"67","article-title":"Craniofacial structure in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) compared with healthy children with ideal or postnormal occlusion","volume":"107","author":"Kjellberg\n H,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kjellberg\n H, \n \n Fasth\n A, \n \n Kiliaridis\n S, \n \n Wenneberg\n B, \n \n Thilander\n B.\n \n \n Craniofacial structure in children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) compared with healthy children with ideal or postnormal occlusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;107:67\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r7","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"360","article-title":"Craniofacial growth in juvenile chronic arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Kjellberg\n H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kjellberg\n H.\n \n \n Craniofacial growth in juvenile chronic arthritis. Acta Odontol Scand. 1998;56:360\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"75","article-title":"Effect of methotrexate on the temporomandibular joint and facial morphology in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"118","author":"Ince\n DO,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ince\n DO, \n \n Ince\n A, \n \n Moore\n TL.\n \n \n Effect of methotrexate on the temporomandibular joint and facial morphology in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:75\u201383."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r9","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"153","article-title":"Average craniofacial development from 6 to 35 years of age in a mixed group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Fjeld\n MG,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fjeld\n MG, \n \n Arvidsson\n LZ, \n \n Stabrun\n AE, \n \n Birkeland\n K, \n \n Larheim\n TA, \n \n Ogaard\n B.\n \n \n Average craniofacial development from 6 to 35 years of age in a mixed group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009;67:153\u2013160."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"385","article-title":"Condylar condition and mandibular growth during early functional treatment of children with juvenile chronic arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Pedersen\n TK,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pedersen\n TK, \n \n Gronhoj\n J, \n \n Melsen\n B, \n \n Herlin\n T.\n \n \n Condylar condition and mandibular growth during early functional treatment of children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Eur J Orthod. 1995;17:385\u2013394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r11","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"134","article-title":"Functional and orthopedic treatment in developing dentofacial growth deviation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Pedersen\n TK,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pedersen\n TK, \n \n Verna\n C.\n \n \n Functional and orthopedic treatment in developing dentofacial growth deviation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Semin Orthod. 2015;21:134\u2013139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"27","article-title":"Comparison of relative mandibular growth vectors with high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging","volume":"128","author":"Cevidanes\n LH,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cevidanes\n LH, \n \n Franco\n AA, \n \n Gerig\n G, \n \n et al.\n Comparison of relative mandibular growth vectors with high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:27\u201334."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r13","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"669","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular growth and tooth eruption","volume":"207","author":"Krarup\n S,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krarup\n S, \n \n Darvann\n TA, \n \n Larsen\n P, \n \n Marsh\n JL, \n \n Kreiborg\n S.\n \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular growth and tooth eruption. J Anat. 2005;207:669\u2013682."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"545","article-title":"Condylar asymmetry in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis assessed by cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"30","author":"Huntjens\n E,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huntjens\n E, \n \n Kiss\n G, \n \n Wouters\n C, \n \n Carels\n C.\n \n \n Condylar asymmetry in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis assessed by cone-beam computed tomography. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:545\u2013551."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r15","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"390","article-title":"International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001","volume":"31","author":"Petty\n RE,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petty\n RE, \n \n Southwood\n TR, \n \n Manners\n P, \n \n et al.\n International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390\u2013392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r16","series-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol","first-page":"576","article-title":"Condylar lesions in relation to mandibular growth in untreated and intra-articular corticosteroid-treated experimental temporomandibular joint arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Stoustrup\n P,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stoustrup\n P, \n \n Kristensen\n KD, \n \n Kuseler\n A, \n \n et al.\n Condylar lesions in relation to mandibular growth in untreated and intra-articular corticosteroid-treated experimental temporomandibular joint arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28:576\u2013583."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"Mandibular skeletal growth and modelling between 10 and 15 years of age","volume":"24","author":"Buschang\n PH,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buschang\n PH, \n \n Gandini Junior\n LG.\n \n \n Mandibular skeletal growth and modelling between 10 and 15 years of age. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:69\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r18","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effects of polyarticular and pauciarticular onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis on facial and mandibular growth","volume":"23","author":"Mericle\n PM,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mericle\n PM, \n \n Wilson\n VK, \n \n Moore\n TL, \n \n et al.\n Effects of polyarticular and pauciarticular onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis on facial and mandibular growth. J Rheumatol. 1996;23:159\u2013165."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-5-846-r19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"515","article-title":"Adaptive condylar growth and mandibular remodelling changes with bionator therapy\u2014an implant study","volume":"26","author":"Araujo\n AM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Araujo\n AM, \n \n Buschang\n PH, \n \n Melo\n AC.\n \n \n Adaptive condylar growth and mandibular remodelling changes with bionator therapy\u2014an implant study. 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