{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:50:15Z","timestamp":1790740215512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on orthodontically induced tooth root resorption caused by torque in human subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n Ten healthy patients (12\u201335 years of age) who required extraction of all first premolars as a part of their routine orthodontic treatment were recruited. A 15\u00b0 twist was applied in the arch wire using 0.019 \u00d7 0.025-inch TMA in a 0.022-inch bracket system (Synergy R) that produced a buccal root torque of approximately 5 N\/mm at the bracket level. Using a split mouth design, randomization, and blinding, one side of the arch received LIPUS for 20 minutes per day for 4 weeks at an incident intensity of 30 mW\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n of the transducers\u2019 surface area. The other side served as a self-control, which received a sham transducer. After 4 weeks, all first premolars were extracted and micro\u2013computed tomographic analysis was performed on these extracted teeth. A linear mixed-model statistical analysis was used.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n LIPUS-treated teeth showed significantly less total volume of resorption lacunae compared to control teeth by a mean difference of (0.54 \u00b1 0.09 mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n ) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and percentage of root resorption by a mean difference of (0.33 \u00b1 0.05 mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n ) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). In addition, significantly fewer resorption lacunae were found on all root surfaces in the LIPUS group compared to the control except in the instance of the distal surface.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Limitations:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n This study was performed on limited number of cases during a 4-week period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n LIPUS minimizes root resorption when applied during torque tooth movement over a 4-week period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/081915-554.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T18:26:57Z","timestamp":1448994417000},"page":"550-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption caused by torque: A prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Hasnain","family":"Raza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Graduate Student, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, School of Dentistry, Senior Associate Dean, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Dederich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"El-Bialy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Quintessence Int Berl Ger 1985","first-page":"e40","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of root resorption in a Middle Eastern population","volume":"39","author":"Tsesis\n I,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsesis\n I, \n \n Fuss\n Z, \n \n Rosenberg\n E, \n \n Taicher\n S. \n \n Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of root resorption in a Middle Eastern population. Quintessence Int Berl Ger 1985. 2008;39:e40\u2013e44."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"235","article-title":"Root resorption in bicuspid intrusion. A scanning electron microscope study","volume":"52","author":"Harry\n MR,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harry\n MR, \n \n Sims\n MR. \n \n Root resorption in bicuspid intrusion. A scanning electron microscope study. Angle Orthod. 1982;52:235\u2013258."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"480","article-title":"Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT","volume":"82","author":"Lund\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund\n H, \n \n Gr\u00f6ndahl\n K, \n \n Hansen\n K, \n \n Gr\u00f6ndahl\n H-G. \n \n Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:480\u2013487."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"467","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of digitized periapical radiographs validated against micro-computed tomography scanning in evaluating orthodontically induced apical root resorption","volume":"116","author":"Dudic\n A,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dudic\n A, \n \n Giannopoulou\n C, \n \n Martinez\n M, \n \n Montet\n X, \n \n Kiliaridis\n S. \n \n Diagnostic accuracy of digitized periapical radiographs validated against micro-computed tomography scanning in evaluating orthodontically induced apical root resorption. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008;116:467\u2013472."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Weltman\n B,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman\n B, \n \n Vig\n KWL, \n \n Fields\n HW, \n \n Shanker\n S, \n \n Kaizar\n EE. \n \n Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:462\u2013476; discussion 12A."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics","author":"Profitt\n W,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Profitt\n W, \n \n Ackerman\n J. \n \n Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics. St Louis, Mo: CV Mosby; 1994."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice","volume":"61","author":"Kaley\n J,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaley\n J, \n \n Phillips\n C. \n \n Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice. Angle Orthod. 1991;61:125\u2013132."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e353","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5\u00b0 and 15\u00b0 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: a microcomputed tomography study","volume":"139","author":"Bartley\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartley\n N, \n \n T\u00fcrk\n T, \n \n Colak\n C, \n et al. \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5\u00b0 and 15\u00b0 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: a microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:e353\u2013e360."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop, Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die","first-page":"285","article-title":"Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study","volume":"62","author":"Casa\n MA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Casa\n MA, \n \n Faltin\n RM, \n \n Faltin\n K, \n \n Sander\n FG, \n \n Arana-Chavez\n VE. \n \n Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study. J Orofac Orthop, Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die. 2001;62:285\u2013295."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"653","article-title":"Periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure with areas of root resorption after application of a continuous torque moment","volume":"77","author":"Hohmann\n A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hohmann\n A, \n \n Wolfram\n U, \n \n Geiger\n M, \n et al. \n Periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure with areas of root resorption after application of a continuous torque moment. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:653\u2013659."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"196","article-title":"Effects of fluoride intake on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption","volume":"139","author":"Gonzales\n C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonzales\n C, \n \n Hotokezaka\n H, \n \n Karadeniz\n EI, \n et al. \n Effects of fluoride intake on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2011;139:196\u2013205."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Dent Res J","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption after artificial socket preservation","volume":"11","author":"Seifi\n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seifi\n M, \n \n Atri\n F, \n \n Yazdani\n MM. \n \n Effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption after artificial socket preservation. Dent Res J. 2014;11:61\u201366."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Lasers Med Sci","first-page":"2067","article-title":"The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontically induced root resorption","volume":"30(8)","author":"Altan\n AB,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Altan\n AB, \n \n Bicakci\n AA, \n \n Mutaf\n HI, \n \n Ozkut\n M, \n \n Inan\n VS. \n \n The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontically induced root resorption. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30(8):2067\u20132076."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Lasers Med Sci","first-page":"779","article-title":"Effect of LED-mediated photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats","volume":"30","author":"Ekizer\n A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ekizer\n A, \n \n Uysal\n T, \n \n G\u00fcray\n E, \n \n Akku\u015f\n D. \n \n Effect of LED-mediated photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30:779\u2013785."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"186","article-title":"Repair of orthodontically induced root resorption by ultrasound in humans","volume":"126","author":"El-Bialy\n T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"El-Bialy\n T, \n \n El-Shamy\n I, \n \n Graber\n TM. \n \n Repair of orthodontically induced root resorption by ultrasound in humans. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2004;126:186\u2013193."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1984","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound on the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblast lineage cells","volume":"79","author":"Inubushi\n T,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Inubushi\n T, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Rego\n EB, \n et al. \n Effects of ultrasound on the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblast lineage cells. J Periodontol. 2008;79:1984\u20131990."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"185","article-title":"VEGF and odontoblast-like cells: stimulation by low frequency ultrasound","volume":"54","author":"Scheven\n BA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scheven\n BA, \n \n Man\n J, \n \n Millard\n JL, \n et al. \n VEGF and odontoblast-like cells: stimulation by low frequency ultrasound. Arch Oral Biol. 2009;54:185\u2013191."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e12","article-title":"In vivo bone regenerative effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in rat calvarial defects","volume":"111","author":"Hasuike\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hasuike\n A, \n \n Sato\n S, \n \n Udagawa\n A, \n \n Ando\n K, \n \n Arai\n Y, \n \n Ito\n K. \n \n In vivo bone regenerative effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in rat calvarial defects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;111:e12\u2013e20."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache","first-page":"261","article-title":"Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mandibular condylar chondrocytes","volume":"28","author":"Iwabuchi\n Y,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwabuchi\n Y, \n \n Tanimoto\n K, \n \n Tanne\n Y, \n et al. \n Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mandibular condylar chondrocytes. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014;28:261\u2013268."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1498","article-title":"The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound exposure on gingival cells","volume":"82","author":"Shiraishi\n R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shiraishi\n R, \n \n Masaki\n C, \n \n Toshinaga\n A, \n et al. \n The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound exposure on gingival cells. J Periodontol. 2011;82:1498\u20131503."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"743","article-title":"Anabolic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on human gingival fibroblasts","volume":"54","author":"Mostafa\n NZ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mostafa\n NZ, \n \n Uluda\u011f\n H, \n \n Dederich\n DN, \n \n Doschak\n MR, \n \n El-Bialy\n TH. \n \n Anabolic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol. 2009;54:743\u2013748."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"PloS One","first-page":"e95168","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation facilitates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells","volume":"9","author":"Hu\n B,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu\n B, \n \n Zhang\n Y, \n \n Zhou\n J, \n et al. \n Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation facilitates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. PloS One. 2014;9:e95168."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol","first-page":"943","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound on cementoblast metabolism in vitro","volume":"32","author":"Dalla-Bona\n DA,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dalla-Bona\n DA, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Oka\n H, \n et al. \n Effects of ultrasound on cementoblast metabolism in vitro. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006;32:943\u2013948."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"318","article-title":"Cementoblast response to low- and high-intensity ultrasound","volume":"53","author":"Dalla-Bona\n DA,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalla-Bona\n DA, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Inubushi\n T, \n et al. \n Cementoblast response to low- and high-intensity ultrasound. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53:318\u2013323."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"48","article-title":"Ultrasound enhances the healing of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats","volume":"82","author":"Liu\n Z,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu\n Z, \n \n Xu\n J, \n \n Lingling\n E, \n \n Wang\n D. \n \n Ultrasound enhances the healing of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:48\u201355."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Fundamentals of Biostatistics","first-page":"232","author":"Rosner\n B.","year":"2011.","unstructured":"Rosner\n B. \n \n Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 7thEd. Boston, Mass: Brooks\/Cole; 2011.;232 p."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"561","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 2. Effect of different storage methods","volume":"124","author":"Malek\n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Malek\n S, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA, \n \n Rex\n T, \n et al. \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 2. Effect of different storage methods. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2003;124:561\u2013570."},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"Analysis of orthodontically induced root resorption using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)","volume":"79","author":"Wierzbicki\n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wierzbicki\n T, \n \n El-Bialy\n T, \n \n Aldaghreer\n S, \n \n Li\n G, \n \n Doschak\n M. \n \n Analysis of orthodontically induced root resorption using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Angle Orthod. 2009;79:91\u201396."},{"key":"r29","series-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption in beagle dogs","volume":"40","author":"Al-Daghreer\n S,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Daghreer\n S, \n \n Doschak\n M, \n \n Sloan\n AJ, \n et al. \n Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption in beagle dogs. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014;40:1187\u20131196."},{"key":"r30","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"497","article-title":"Ultrasound stimulation attenuates resorption of tooth root induced by experimental force application","volume":"53","author":"Inubushi\n T,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inubushi\n T, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Rego\n EB, \n et al. \n Ultrasound stimulation attenuates resorption of tooth root induced by experimental force application. Bone. 2013;53:497\u2013506."},{"key":"r31","series-title":"Ann Biomed Eng","first-page":"2964","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces the inflammatory activity of synovitis","volume":"39","author":"Nakamura\n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakamura\n T, \n \n Fujihara\n S, \n \n Yamamoto-Nagata\n K, \n \n Katsura\n T, \n \n Inubushi\n T, \n \n Tanaka\n E. \n \n Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces the inflammatory activity of synovitis. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011;39:2964\u20132971."},{"key":"r32","series-title":"J Periodont Res","first-page":"324","article-title":"Effect of soluble receptors to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha on experimentally induced root resorption in rats","volume":"38","author":"Zhang\n D,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang\n D, \n \n Goetz\n W, \n \n Braumann\n B, \n \n Bourauel\n C, \n \n Jaeger\n A. \n \n Effect of soluble receptors to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha on experimentally induced root resorption in rats. J Periodont Res. 2003;38:324\u2013332."},{"key":"r33","series-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol","first-page":"2173","article-title":"Simulation of low-intensity ultrasound propagating in a beagle dog dentoalveolar structure to investigate the relations between ultrasonic parameters and cementum regeneration","volume":"41","author":"Vafaeian\n B,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vafaeian\n B, \n \n Al-Daghreer\n S, \n \n El-Rich\n M, \n \n Adeeb\n S, \n \n El-Bialy\n T. \n \n Simulation of low-intensity ultrasound propagating in a beagle dog dentoalveolar structure to investigate the relations between ultrasonic parameters and cementum regeneration. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41:2173\u20132190."},{"key":"r34","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Initial stress differences between tipping and torque movements. A three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"18","author":"Puente\n MI,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Puente\n MI, \n \n Galb\u00e1n\n L, \n \n Cobo\n JM. \n \n Initial stress differences between tipping and torque movements. A three-dimensional finite element analysis. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:329\u2013339."},{"key":"r35","series-title":"J Am Dental Assoc","first-page":"270","article-title":"The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum","volume":"42","author":"Henry\n JL,","year":"1951","unstructured":"Henry\n JL, \n \n Weinmann\n JP. \n \n The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum. J Am Dental Assoc. 1951;42:270\u2013290."},{"key":"r36","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"168","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 3. Hardness and elastic modulus after application of light and heavy forces","volume":"127","author":"Srivicharnkul\n P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Srivicharnkul\n P, \n \n Kharbanda\n OP, \n \n Swain\n MV, \n \n Petocz\n P, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA. \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 3. Hardness and elastic modulus after application of light and heavy forces. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2005;127:168\u2013176; quiz 260."},{"key":"r37","series-title":"Int J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr","first-page":"331","article-title":"Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"18","author":"Schwarz\n AM.","year":"1932","unstructured":"Schwarz\n AM. \n \n Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement. Int J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr. 1932;18:331\u2013352."},{"key":"r38","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die","first-page":"208","article-title":"Development of a model for the simulation of orthodontic load on lower first premolars using the finite element method","volume":"66","author":"Dorow\n C,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dorow\n C, \n \n Sander\n F-G. \n \n Development of a model for the simulation of orthodontic load on lower first premolars using the finite element method. J Orofac Orthop Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die. 2005;66:208\u2013218."},{"key":"r39","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit\n W,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Proffit\n W, \n \n Feilds\n H, \n \n Sarver\n D. \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. Philadelphia, Pa:Elsevier; 2006."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"Quintessence Int Berl Ger 1985","first-page":"e40","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of root resorption in a Middle Eastern population","volume":"39","author":"Tsesis\n I,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsesis\n I, \n \n Fuss\n Z, \n \n Rosenberg\n E, \n \n Taicher\n S. \n \n Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of root resorption in a Middle Eastern population. Quintessence Int Berl Ger 1985. 2008;39:e40\u2013e44."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"235","article-title":"Root resorption in bicuspid intrusion. A scanning electron microscope study","volume":"52","author":"Harry\n MR,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harry\n MR, \n \n Sims\n MR. \n \n Root resorption in bicuspid intrusion. A scanning electron microscope study. Angle Orthod. 1982;52:235\u2013258."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"480","article-title":"Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT","volume":"82","author":"Lund\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund\n H, \n \n Gr\u00f6ndahl\n K, \n \n Hansen\n K, \n \n Gr\u00f6ndahl\n H-G. \n \n Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:480\u2013487."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"467","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of digitized periapical radiographs validated against micro-computed tomography scanning in evaluating orthodontically induced apical root resorption","volume":"116","author":"Dudic\n A,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dudic\n A, \n \n Giannopoulou\n C, \n \n Martinez\n M, \n \n Montet\n X, \n \n Kiliaridis\n S. \n \n Diagnostic accuracy of digitized periapical radiographs validated against micro-computed tomography scanning in evaluating orthodontically induced apical root resorption. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008;116:467\u2013472."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Weltman\n B,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman\n B, \n \n Vig\n KWL, \n \n Fields\n HW, \n \n Shanker\n S, \n \n Kaizar\n EE. \n \n Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:462\u2013476; discussion 12A."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics","author":"Profitt\n W,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Profitt\n W, \n \n Ackerman\n J. \n \n Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics. St Louis, Mo: CV Mosby; 1994."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"125","article-title":"Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice","volume":"61","author":"Kaley\n J,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaley\n J, \n \n Phillips\n C. \n \n Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice. Angle Orthod. 1991;61:125\u2013132."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e353","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5\u00b0 and 15\u00b0 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: a microcomputed tomography study","volume":"139","author":"Bartley\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartley\n N, \n \n T\u00fcrk\n T, \n \n Colak\n C, \n et al. \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5\u00b0 and 15\u00b0 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: a microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:e353\u2013e360."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop, Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die","first-page":"285","article-title":"Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study","volume":"62","author":"Casa\n MA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Casa\n MA, \n \n Faltin\n RM, \n \n Faltin\n K, \n \n Sander\n FG, \n \n Arana-Chavez\n VE. \n \n Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study. J Orofac Orthop, Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die. 2001;62:285\u2013295."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"653","article-title":"Periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure with areas of root resorption after application of a continuous torque moment","volume":"77","author":"Hohmann\n A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hohmann\n A, \n \n Wolfram\n U, \n \n Geiger\n M, \n et al. \n Periodontal ligament hydrostatic pressure with areas of root resorption after application of a continuous torque moment. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:653\u2013659."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"196","article-title":"Effects of fluoride intake on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption","volume":"139","author":"Gonzales\n C,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonzales\n C, \n \n Hotokezaka\n H, \n \n Karadeniz\n EI, \n et al. \n Effects of fluoride intake on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2011;139:196\u2013205."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Dent Res J","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption after artificial socket preservation","volume":"11","author":"Seifi\n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seifi\n M, \n \n Atri\n F, \n \n Yazdani\n MM. \n \n Effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption after artificial socket preservation. Dent Res J. 2014;11:61\u201366."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Lasers Med Sci","first-page":"2067","article-title":"The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontically induced root resorption","volume":"30(8)","author":"Altan\n AB,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Altan\n AB, \n \n Bicakci\n AA, \n \n Mutaf\n HI, \n \n Ozkut\n M, \n \n Inan\n VS. \n \n The effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontically induced root resorption. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30(8):2067\u20132076."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Lasers Med Sci","first-page":"779","article-title":"Effect of LED-mediated photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats","volume":"30","author":"Ekizer\n A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ekizer\n A, \n \n Uysal\n T, \n \n G\u00fcray\n E, \n \n Akku\u015f\n D. \n \n Effect of LED-mediated photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30:779\u2013785."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"186","article-title":"Repair of orthodontically induced root resorption by ultrasound in humans","volume":"126","author":"El-Bialy\n T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"El-Bialy\n T, \n \n El-Shamy\n I, \n \n Graber\n TM. \n \n Repair of orthodontically induced root resorption by ultrasound in humans. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2004;126:186\u2013193."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1984","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound on the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblast lineage cells","volume":"79","author":"Inubushi\n T,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Inubushi\n T, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Rego\n EB, \n et al. \n Effects of ultrasound on the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblast lineage cells. J Periodontol. 2008;79:1984\u20131990."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"185","article-title":"VEGF and odontoblast-like cells: stimulation by low frequency ultrasound","volume":"54","author":"Scheven\n BA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scheven\n BA, \n \n Man\n J, \n \n Millard\n JL, \n et al. \n VEGF and odontoblast-like cells: stimulation by low frequency ultrasound. Arch Oral Biol. 2009;54:185\u2013191."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e12","article-title":"In vivo bone regenerative effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in rat calvarial defects","volume":"111","author":"Hasuike\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hasuike\n A, \n \n Sato\n S, \n \n Udagawa\n A, \n \n Ando\n K, \n \n Arai\n Y, \n \n Ito\n K. \n \n In vivo bone regenerative effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in rat calvarial defects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;111:e12\u2013e20."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache","first-page":"261","article-title":"Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mandibular condylar chondrocytes","volume":"28","author":"Iwabuchi\n Y,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iwabuchi\n Y, \n \n Tanimoto\n K, \n \n Tanne\n Y, \n et al. \n Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mandibular condylar chondrocytes. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014;28:261\u2013268."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1498","article-title":"The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound exposure on gingival cells","volume":"82","author":"Shiraishi\n R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shiraishi\n R, \n \n Masaki\n C, \n \n Toshinaga\n A, \n et al. \n The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound exposure on gingival cells. J Periodontol. 2011;82:1498\u20131503."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"743","article-title":"Anabolic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on human gingival fibroblasts","volume":"54","author":"Mostafa\n NZ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mostafa\n NZ, \n \n Uluda\u011f\n H, \n \n Dederich\n DN, \n \n Doschak\n MR, \n \n El-Bialy\n TH. \n \n Anabolic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol. 2009;54:743\u2013748."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"PloS One","first-page":"e95168","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation facilitates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells","volume":"9","author":"Hu\n B,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu\n B, \n \n Zhang\n Y, \n \n Zhou\n J, \n et al. \n Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation facilitates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. PloS One. 2014;9:e95168."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol","first-page":"943","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound on cementoblast metabolism in vitro","volume":"32","author":"Dalla-Bona\n DA,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dalla-Bona\n DA, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Oka\n H, \n et al. \n Effects of ultrasound on cementoblast metabolism in vitro. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006;32:943\u2013948."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"318","article-title":"Cementoblast response to low- and high-intensity ultrasound","volume":"53","author":"Dalla-Bona\n DA,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalla-Bona\n DA, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Inubushi\n T, \n et al. \n Cementoblast response to low- and high-intensity ultrasound. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53:318\u2013323."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"48","article-title":"Ultrasound enhances the healing of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats","volume":"82","author":"Liu\n Z,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu\n Z, \n \n Xu\n J, \n \n Lingling\n E, \n \n Wang\n D. \n \n Ultrasound enhances the healing of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:48\u201355."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Fundamentals of Biostatistics","first-page":"232","author":"Rosner\n B.","year":"2011.","unstructured":"Rosner\n B. \n \n Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 7thEd. Boston, Mass: Brooks\/Cole; 2011.;232 p."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"561","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 2. Effect of different storage methods","volume":"124","author":"Malek\n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Malek\n S, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA, \n \n Rex\n T, \n et al. \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 2. Effect of different storage methods. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2003;124:561\u2013570."},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"Analysis of orthodontically induced root resorption using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)","volume":"79","author":"Wierzbicki\n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wierzbicki\n T, \n \n El-Bialy\n T, \n \n Aldaghreer\n S, \n \n Li\n G, \n \n Doschak\n M. \n \n Analysis of orthodontically induced root resorption using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Angle Orthod. 2009;79:91\u201396."},{"key":"r29","series-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption in beagle dogs","volume":"40","author":"Al-Daghreer\n S,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Daghreer\n S, \n \n Doschak\n M, \n \n Sloan\n AJ, \n et al. \n Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption in beagle dogs. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014;40:1187\u20131196."},{"key":"r30","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"497","article-title":"Ultrasound stimulation attenuates resorption of tooth root induced by experimental force application","volume":"53","author":"Inubushi\n T,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inubushi\n T, \n \n Tanaka\n E, \n \n Rego\n EB, \n et al. \n Ultrasound stimulation attenuates resorption of tooth root induced by experimental force application. Bone. 2013;53:497\u2013506."},{"key":"r31","series-title":"Ann Biomed Eng","first-page":"2964","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces the inflammatory activity of synovitis","volume":"39","author":"Nakamura\n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakamura\n T, \n \n Fujihara\n S, \n \n Yamamoto-Nagata\n K, \n \n Katsura\n T, \n \n Inubushi\n T, \n \n Tanaka\n E. \n \n Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces the inflammatory activity of synovitis. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011;39:2964\u20132971."},{"key":"r32","series-title":"J Periodont Res","first-page":"324","article-title":"Effect of soluble receptors to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha on experimentally induced root resorption in rats","volume":"38","author":"Zhang\n D,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang\n D, \n \n Goetz\n W, \n \n Braumann\n B, \n \n Bourauel\n C, \n \n Jaeger\n A. \n \n Effect of soluble receptors to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha on experimentally induced root resorption in rats. J Periodont Res. 2003;38:324\u2013332."},{"key":"r33","series-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol","first-page":"2173","article-title":"Simulation of low-intensity ultrasound propagating in a beagle dog dentoalveolar structure to investigate the relations between ultrasonic parameters and cementum regeneration","volume":"41","author":"Vafaeian\n B,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vafaeian\n B, \n \n Al-Daghreer\n S, \n \n El-Rich\n M, \n \n Adeeb\n S, \n \n El-Bialy\n T. \n \n Simulation of low-intensity ultrasound propagating in a beagle dog dentoalveolar structure to investigate the relations between ultrasonic parameters and cementum regeneration. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41:2173\u20132190."},{"key":"r34","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Initial stress differences between tipping and torque movements. A three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"18","author":"Puente\n MI,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Puente\n MI, \n \n Galb\u00e1n\n L, \n \n Cobo\n JM. \n \n Initial stress differences between tipping and torque movements. A three-dimensional finite element analysis. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:329\u2013339."},{"key":"r35","series-title":"J Am Dental Assoc","first-page":"270","article-title":"The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum","volume":"42","author":"Henry\n JL,","year":"1951","unstructured":"Henry\n JL, \n \n Weinmann\n JP. \n \n The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum. J Am Dental Assoc. 1951;42:270\u2013290."},{"key":"r36","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod","first-page":"168","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 3. Hardness and elastic modulus after application of light and heavy forces","volume":"127","author":"Srivicharnkul\n P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Srivicharnkul\n P, \n \n Kharbanda\n OP, \n \n Swain\n MV, \n \n Petocz\n P, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA. \n \n Physical properties of root cementum: part 3. Hardness and elastic modulus after application of light and heavy forces. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2005;127:168\u2013176; quiz 260."},{"key":"r37","series-title":"Int J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr","first-page":"331","article-title":"Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"18","author":"Schwarz\n AM.","year":"1932","unstructured":"Schwarz\n AM. \n \n Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement. Int J Orthod Oral Surg Radiogr. 1932;18:331\u2013352."},{"key":"r38","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die","first-page":"208","article-title":"Development of a model for the simulation of orthodontic load on lower first premolars using the finite element method","volume":"66","author":"Dorow\n C,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dorow\n C, \n \n Sander\n F-G. \n \n Development of a model for the simulation of orthodontic load on lower first premolars using the finite element method. J Orofac Orthop Fortschritte Kieferorthop\u00e4die Organ Official J Dtsch Ges F\u00fcr Kieferorthop\u00e4die. 2005;66:208\u2013218."},{"key":"r39","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit\n W,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Proffit\n W, \n \n Feilds\n H, \n \n Sarver\n D. \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. Philadelphia, Pa:Elsevier; 2006."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p550.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/86\/4\/550\/1397760\/081915-554_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p550.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p550.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:36:32Z","timestamp":1780068992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p550.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/081915-554.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}