{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:44:26Z","timestamp":1782218666676,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To determine whether facial asymmetry existed in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Subjects consisted of children between ages 5 and 10 years having DDH, and treated by the Von Rosen splint method. Three-dimensional (3-D) facial photographs were taken on all subjects using the 3dMDface system. Using RF6 PP2 software, anthropometric landmarks were plotted and used to calculate asymmetry based on 3-D coordinates in a reference framework.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Of a total of 60 subjects with a mean age of 8 years (SD, 1.4 years), 30 had dysplasia of the left hip; 13, of the right; and 17 were bilateral. Twenty-seven subjects had upper face (UF) dominance values of 2 mm or more; of those, 26 were right-side dominant. Twenty-four subjects (40%) had a chin-point (CP) deviation of 2 mm or more; of those, 21 had right-side deviations. Statistically, UF and CP deviations were not significantly independent of each other (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05). Thirty percent of subjects had a posterior dental crossbite.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The results indicate that facial asymmetry exists in patients with DDH.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/082009-472.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,19]],"date-time":"2010-05-19T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1274298048000},"page":"707-712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["3-D analysis of facial asymmetry in children with hip dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Shane Rex","family":"Tolleson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung How","family":"Kau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeryl D.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virpi","family":"Harila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pertti","family":"Pirttiniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marita","family":"Valkama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrician, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b01","series-title":"Pediatr Ann","first-page":"92","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip: definition, recognition, and prevention of late sequelae.","volume":"35","author":"Cady, R. B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cady, R. B.\n          \n          Developmental dysplasia of the hip: definition, recognition, and prevention of late sequelae.\n          Pediatr Ann\n          2006. 35:92\u2013101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b02","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"138","article-title":"Prevalence of orthodontic asymmetries.","volume":"4","author":"Sheats, R. D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheats, R. D., S. P.McGorray, Q.Musmar, T. T.Wheeler, and G. J.King. Prevalence of orthodontic asymmetries.Semin Orthod1998. 4:138\u2013145."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"89","article-title":"Dental and facial asymmetries: a review.","volume":"64","author":"Bishara, S. E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bishara, S. E., P. S.Burkey, and J. G.Kharouf. Dental and facial asymmetries: a review.Angle Orthod1994. 64:89\u201398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b04","article-title":"A novel method of analysis of Class III patients using 3-dimensional soft tissue analysis: Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. In press. 2008.).","author":"Bozic, M. K. C.","unstructured":"Bozic, M. K. C., S.Richmond, O.Maja, and N. I.Hren. A novel method of analysis of Class III patients using 3-dimensional soft tissue analysis: Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. In press. 2008.)."},{"issue":"pt 1","key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b05","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"103","article-title":"A three-dimensional evaluation of human facial asymmetry.","volume":"186","author":"Ferrario, V. F.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ferrario, V. F., C.Sforza, A.MianiJr, and G.Serrao. A three-dimensional evaluation of human facial asymmetry.J Anat1995. 186 (pt 1):103\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b06","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"477","article-title":"Reliability of a method for computing facial symmetry plane and degree of asymmetry based on 3D\u2013data.","volume":"68","author":"Hartmann, J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hartmann, J., P.Meyer-Marcotty, M.Benz, G.Hausler, and A.Stellzig-Eisenhauer. Reliability of a method for computing facial symmetry plane and degree of asymmetry based on 3D\u2013data.J Orofac Orthop2007. 68:477\u2013490."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b07","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"2192","article-title":"A three\u2013dimensional evaluation of postoperative swelling following orthognathic surgery at 6 months.","volume":"119","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., A. J.Cronin, and S.Richmond. 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Three-dimensional assessment of treatment outcomes on the face.Orthod Craniofac Res2003. 6 (suppl 1):126\u2013131. discussion 79\u201382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b10","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"396","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery.","volume":"42","author":"Hajeer, M. Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hajeer, M. Y., A. F.Ayoub, and D. T.Millett. Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg2004. 42:396\u2013404."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"584","article-title":"A longitudinal 3-dimensional size and shape comparison of untreated Class I and Class II subjects.","volume":"127","author":"Palomo, J. M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Palomo, J. M., D. W.HuntJr, M. G.Hans, and B. H.BroadbentJr. A longitudinal 3-dimensional size and shape comparison of untreated Class I and Class II subjects.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2005. 127:584\u2013591."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b12","series-title":"Int J Med Robot","first-page":"97","article-title":"Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology and their application to maxillofacial surgery.","volume":"3","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., S.Richmond, A.Incrapera, J.English, and J. J.Xia. Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology and their application to maxillofacial surgery.Int J Med Robot2007. 3:97\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"619","article-title":"Imaging in orthodontics: present and future.","volume":"36","author":"Mah, J.","year":"2002 Nov","unstructured":"Mah, J. and A. K.Ritto. Imaging in orthodontics: present and future.J Clin Orthod2002 Nov. 36:619\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b14","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"267","article-title":"Laser-scan-based navigation in cranio-maxillofacial surgery.","volume":"31","author":"Marmulla, R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marmulla, R., S.Hassfeld, T.Luth, and J.Muhling. Laser-scan-based navigation in cranio-maxillofacial surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2003. 31:267\u2013277."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b15","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"247","article-title":"Precision and error of three\u2013dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images.","volume":"15;138A","author":"Aldridge, K.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aldridge, K., S. A.Boyadjiev, G. T.Capone, V. B.DeLeon, and J. T.Richtsmeier. Precision and error of three\u2013dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images.Am J Med Genet A2005. 15;138A:247\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b16","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"10","article-title":"Facial templates: a new perspective in three dimensions.","volume":"9","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., A.Zhurov, S.Richmond, A.Cronin, C.Savio, and C.Mallorie. Facial templates: a new perspective in three dimensions.Orthod Craniofac Res2006. 9:10\u201317."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"704","article-title":"A different look: 3-dimensional facial imaging of a child with Binder syndrome.","volume":"132","author":"Kau, C. H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kau, C. H., L. M.Hunter, and E. J.Hingston. A different look: 3-dimensional facial imaging of a child with Binder syndrome.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2007. 132:704\u2013709."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b18","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"130","article-title":"Reproducibility of natural head position.","volume":"19","author":"Chiu, C. S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chiu, C. S. and R. K.Clark. Reproducibility of natural head position.J Dent1991. 19:130\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b19","article-title":"Computer Methods for Measuring 3D Facial Morphology.","author":"Zhurov AI, K,C. H.","unstructured":"Zhurov AI, K,C. H. and S.Richmond. Computer Methods for Measuring 3D Facial Morphology.InMiddleton MGSaMLJ, J.Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering\u20135. FIRST Numerics Ltd, Cardiff, UK."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b20","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg","first-page":"181","article-title":"Analysis of 300 dentofacial deformities in Hong Kong.","volume":"7","author":"Samman, N.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Samman, N., A. C.Tong, D. L.Cheung, and H.Tideman. Analysis of 300 dentofacial deformities in Hong Kong.Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg1992. 7:181\u2013185."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b21","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg","first-page":"171","article-title":"The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina.","volume":"12","author":"Severt, T. R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Severt, T. R. and W. R.Proffit. The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina.Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg1997. 12:171\u2013176."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b22","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"342","article-title":"Normal and increased functional asymmetries in the craniofacial area.","volume":"56","author":"Pirttiniemi, P.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pirttiniemi, P.\n          \n          Normal and increased functional asymmetries in the craniofacial area.\n          Acta Odontol Scand\n          1998. 56:342\u2013345."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity.","volume":"72","author":"Haraguchi, S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Haraguchi, S., K.Takada, and Y.Yasuda. Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal Class III deformity.Angle Orthod2002. 72:28\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b24","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","first-page":"185","article-title":"Diagnostic strategies for the evaluation of asymmetry in infancy\u2014a review.","volume":"163","author":"van Vlimmeren, L. A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Vlimmeren, L. A., P. J.Helders, L. N.van Adrichem, and R. H.Engelbert. Diagnostic strategies for the evaluation of asymmetry in infancy\u2014a review.Eur J Pediatr2004. 163:185\u2013191."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b25","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","first-page":"203","article-title":"Relation between side of plagiocephaly, dislocation of hip, scoliosis, bat ears, and sternomastoid tumours.","volume":"46","author":"Watson, G. H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Watson, G. H.\n          \n          Relation between side of plagiocephaly, dislocation of hip, scoliosis, bat ears, and sternomastoid tumours.\n          Arch Dis Child\n          1971. 46:203\u2013210."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b26","series-title":"J Jpn Orthop Assn","first-page":"1221","article-title":"On the ipsilateral involvement of congenital muscular torticollis and congenital dislocation of the hip.","volume":"35","author":"Iwahara, T.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Iwahara, T. and S.Ikeda. On the ipsilateral involvement of congenital muscular torticollis and congenital dislocation of the hip.J Jpn Orthop Assn1962. 35:1221."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b27","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1255","article-title":"The coexistence of torticollis and congenital dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"54","author":"Hummer, C. D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hummer, C. D. and G. D.MacEwen. The coexistence of torticollis and congenital dysplasia of the hip.J Bone Joint Surg Am1972. 54:1255\u20131256."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b28","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"765","article-title":"The differential diagnosis of posterior plagiocephaly: true lambdoid synostosis versus positional molding.","volume":"98","author":"Huang, M. H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Huang, M. H., J. S.Gruss, S. K.Clarren, W. E.Mouradian, M. L.Cunningham, T. S.Roberts, et al. The differential diagnosis of posterior plagiocephaly: true lambdoid synostosis versus positional molding.Plast Reconstr Surg1996. 98:765\u2013774; discussion 75\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b29","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"371","article-title":"Analysis of posterior plagiocephaly: deformational versus synostotic.","volume":"103","author":"Mulliken, J. B.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mulliken, J. B., D. L.Vander Woude, M.Hansen, R. A.LaBrie, and R. M.Scott. 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Validity and reliability of craniofacial anthropometric measurement of 3D digital photogrammetric images.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2008. 232\u2013299."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b32","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"251","article-title":"Occlusal characteristics during different emergence stages of the permanent dentition in Tanzanian Bantu and Finnish children.","author":"Mugonzibwa, E. A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mugonzibwa, E. A., R.Eskeli, A. M.Kuijpers-Jagtman, M. T.Laine-Alava, and M. A.van't Hof. Occlusal characteristics during different emergence stages of the permanent dentition in Tanzanian Bantu and Finnish children.Eur J Orthod2004. 251\u2013260."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-4-707-b33","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"293","article-title":"Occlusion in the primary and early mixed dentitions in a group of Tanzanian and Finnish children.","volume":"57","author":"Kerosuo, H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kerosuo, H.\n          \n          Occlusion in the primary and early mixed dentitions in a group of Tanzanian and Finnish children.\n          ASDC J Dent Child\n          1990. 57:293\u2013298."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p707.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p707.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p707.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:52:46Z","timestamp":1747356766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/4\/article-p707.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/082009-472.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}